B.S.E.S.LTD. vs. THE C.I.T.B.C-VI.
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the assessee was not entitled to claim weighted deduction under Section 35B. The Court reasoned that the assessee's role was that of a sub-contractor to BHEL, an Indian company. The main contract for the electrification scheme was between BHEL and ECSA (a foreign entity). The sub-contract between BHEL and the assessee stipulated that the assessee owed its obligations to BHEL, not directly to ECSA. BHEL was responsible for the overall execution of the main contract and was the party providing technical know-how to ECSA. The assessee's work, however specialized, was performed for BHEL. Therefore, the assessee did not qualify as an exporter of goods or technical know-how to a person outside India, which is a prerequisite for claiming deduction under Section 35B, particularly with the introduction of sub-section (1A) applicable from April 1, 1978. The reliance on Stepwell Industries Ltd. was deemed inapplicable as that case did not consider sub-section (1A). The question of law was answered in favour of the Revenue.
What were the facts?
The assessee, Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Ltd., claimed weighted deduction under Section 35B of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for the assessment year 1979-80, on expenditure of Rs. 5,36,77,345. The assessee had entered into a sub-contract with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) to execute a portion of a turn-key project for the Electricity Corporation of Saudi Arabia (ECSA). The assessee contended that this work involved providing technical know-how and services to a person outside India. The Assessing Officer rejected the claim, holding that the assessee was merely a sub-contractor to BHEL and not an exporter. This view was upheld by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. The matter was referred to the High Court.
What were the issues?
1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the assessee was not entitled to claim weighted deduction under Section 35B of the Act? (Question of law) Assessee's contention: The assessee argued that it was eligible for the weighted deduction under Section 35B as it had incurred expenditure in executing a sub-contract that involved providing technical know-how and services to a person outside India. They relied on observations from the Supreme Court case of Commissioner of Income Tax v. Stepwell Industries Ltd., suggesting that a direct nexus with the foreign party might not be necessary. Revenue's contention: The Revenue contended that the assessee acted solely as a sub-contractor to BHEL, an Indian party, and therefore did not provide technical know-how or services directly to a person outside India. They argued that BHEL was the exporter in this scenario. The Revenue also initially raised a point regarding whether the services rendered constituted 'technical know-how' under Section 80MM, but the High Court clarified that this was not an issue to be decided based on the statement of case.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
Section 35B,Section 256(1),Section 80MM,Section 80B
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Chittewan 1/11 1.ITR76-98.doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.76 OF 1998
Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Ltd. ... Applicant Versus Commissioner of Income Tax Bombay City VI. … Respondent ….. Mr. Murlidhar a/w Mr. Rajesh Poojari i/b Mulla & Mulla & Craigie Blunt & Caroe, for the Applicant. Mr. A.R. Malhotra a/w N.A. Kazi for the Respondent. …..
CORAM : M.S. SANKLECHA & S.C.GUPTE, JJ DATE : 13 OCTOBER 2016 JUDGEMENT : ( Per S.C. Gupte, J.)
. In this reference under Section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (“Act”), the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (“Tribunal”) has referred the following question of law for our consideration : “Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case in law, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the assessee was not entitled to claim weighted deduction under Section 35B of the Act ?” 2 The Assessment Year is 197980. 3 For the subject assessment year, the assessee claimed weighted CNR No : HCBM020174851993 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 2/11 1.ITR76-98.doc deduction on expenditure amounting to Rs.5,36,77,345/ incurred by it on items enumerated in Section 35B of the Act. Section 35B provides for export markets development allowance, allowing weighted deduction in a sum equal to one and onethird times the amount of expenditure incurred for various export related activities enumerated in clause (1)(a) of Section 35B during the previous year by a domestic company. 4 The case of the assessee is that by an agreement dated 18 June 1977, entered into between Electricity Corporation of Saudi Arabia (“ECSA”) and Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (“BHEL”), the latter agreed to provide, deliver at site, erect, set up, work, test, hand over and maintain a turn key project for an electrification scheme known as Wadi Jizan Electrification Scheme (“Main agreement”). BHEL, in turn, entered into agreement dated 24 August 1977 with the assessee, subcontracting a portion of the work to the latter (“subcontract”). The subcontract related to laying out of transmission lines, overhead lines and distribution lines. Under this agreement, the assessee agreed to discharge and fulfill all the duties, obligations and covenants of BHEL under the main agreement entered into between BHEL and ECSA insofar as it related to the work under the sub contract. The assessee claimed to have incurred expenditure, whilst executing this subcontract, in respect of its business of provision of technical knowhow or rendering services in connection with provision of technical knowhow to a person outside India and accordingly become eligible for weighted deduction under Section 35B(1)(a) of the Act. 5 The Assessing Officer rejected the assessee's claim mainly on the ground that the assesee acted only as a subcontractor of BHEL and thus Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 3/11 1.ITR76-98.doc was not entitled to any deduction under Section 35B(1)(a). This order was confirmed in appeal by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and also by the Tribunal in further appeal. 6 At the outset, Mr. Malhotra, learned Counsel appearing for the Revenue sought to contend that the work executed by the assessee does not amount to provision of technical knowhow within the meaning of sub section (2) of Section 80MM of the Act. It is true, the question of law framed by the Tribunal for our opinion appears on the face of it to be quite open ended. It requires us to consider whether or not, on the facts and in the circumstances, the assessee is entitled in law to the deduction, provided in Section 35B. We are, however, of the view that the question, namely, whether or not the nature of services rendered by the assessee amounts to provision of technical knowhow so as to claim the deduction, is not open technical knowhow under subsection (2) of Section 80MM of the Act. Infact both the assessee and revenue appear to have proceeded on the 1 (1950) 18 CCH 0116 ISCC Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 4/11 1.ITR76-98.doc footing that the nature of services rendered by the assessee amounts to provision of technical knowhow. The only question, which forms part of the statement of case framed by the Tribunal, is whether or not these services are rendered to a person outside India by the assessee within a meaning of subsection (1A) of Section 35B. We will accordingly restrict our enquiry to the above question. 7 Section 35B of the Act, as it existed at the relevant time (i.e. Assessment Year197980), is in the following terms. 35B. (1)(a) Where an assessee, being a domestic company or a person (other than a company) who is resident in India, has incurred after the 29th day of February, 1968, whether directly or in association with any other person, any expenditure (not being in the nature of capital expenditure or personal expenses of the assessee) referred to in clause (b), he shall, subject to the provisions of this section, be allowed a deduction of a sum equal to one and onethird times the amount of such expenditure incurred during the previous year : Provided that in respect of the expenditure incurred after 28th day of February 1973 [but before the 1st day of April, 1978], by a domestic company, being a company in which the public are substantially interested, the provisions of this clause shall have effect as if for the words “one and onethird times”, the words “one and onehalf times” had been substituted] (b) The expenditure referred to in clause (a) is that incurred wholly and exclusively on (i) advertisement of publicity outside India in respect of the goods, services or facilities which the assessee deals in or provides in the course of his business [where such expenditure is incurred before the 1st day of April 1978]; (ii) obtaining information regarding markets outside India for such goods, services or facilities ; (iii) distribution, supply or provision outside India of such goods, Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 5/11 1.ITR76-98.doc services or facilities, not being expenditure incurred in India in connection therewith or expenditure (wherever incurred) on the carriage of such goods to their destination outside India or on the insurance of such goods while in transit [where such expenditure is incurred before the 1st day of April, 1978]; (iv) maintenance outside India or a branch, office or agency for the promotion of the sale outside India of such goods, services or facilities; (v) preparation and submission of tenders for the supply or provision outside India of such goods, services or facilities, and activities incidental thereto; (vi) furnishing to a person outside India samples or technical information for the promotion of the sale of such goods, services or facilities; (vii) travelling outside India for the promotion of the sale outside India of such goods, services or facilities, including travelling outward from, and return to, India; (viii) performance of services outside India in connection with, or incidental to, the execution of any contract for the supply outside India of such goods, services or facilities; (ix) such other activities for the promotion of the sale outside India of such goods, services or facilities as may be prescribed. Explanation [1] : In this section, “domestic company” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (2) of section 80B. Explanation 2 : For the purposes of subclause (iii) and subclause (viii) of clause (b), expenditure incurred by an assessee engaged in the business of (i) operation of any ship or other vessel, aircraft or vehicle, or (ii) carriage of, or making arrangements for carriage of, passengers, livestock, mail or goods, on or in relation to such operation or carriage or arrangements for carriage (including in each case expenditure incurred on the provision of any benefit, amenity or facility to the crew, passengers or livestock) shall not be regarded as expenditure incurred by the assessee on the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 6/11 1.ITR76-98.doc supply outside India of services or facilities.] [(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in subsection (1), no deduction under this section shall be allowed in relation to any expenditure incurred after 31st day of March, 1978, unless the following conditions are fulfilled, namely : (a) the assessee referred to in that subsection is engaged in (i) the business of export of goods and is either a smallscale exporter or a holder of an Export House Certificate; or (ii) the business of provision of technical knowhow, or the rendering of services in connection with the provision of technical know how, to persons outside India; and (b) the expenditure referred to in that subsection is incurred by the assessee wholly and exclusively for the purposes of the business referred to in subclause (I) or, as the case may be, subclause (ii) of clause (a). Explanation : For the purpose of this subsection, (a) “smallscale exporter” means a person who exports goods manufactured or produced in any smallscale industrial undertaking or undertakings owned by him : Provided that such perso does not own any industrial undertaking which is not a smallscale industrial undertaking; (b) “Export House Certificate” means a valid Export House Certificate issued by the Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, Government of India ; (c) “provision of technical knowhow” has the meaning assigned to it in subsection (2) of Section 80MM; (d) “smallscale industrial undertaking” has the meaning assigned to it in subsection (2) of the Explanation below subsection (2) of Section 32A.] (2) Where a deduction under this section is claimed and allowed for any assessment year in respect of any expenditure referred to in subsection (1), deduction shall not be allowed in respect of such expenditure under any other provision of this Act for the same or any other assessment year.
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Chittewan 7/11 1.ITR76-98.doc 8 Clause (a) of Subsection (1) of Section 35B allows the assessee deduction provided therein in respect of expenditure referred to in clause (b) incurred by him, whether directly or in association with any other person. All nine items forming part of clause (b) make it clear that the expenditure referred to therein is for work done or information gathered or goods, services or facilities distributed, supplied, provided, maintained, etc. outside India. There is no reference in clauses (a) or (b) of Sub section (1) of the assessee himself being engaged in the business of exporter of goods or services or incurring the expenditure in connection with such business. Subsection (1A), which is introduced by Finance Act, 1978, with effect from 141978, however, introduces a further condition for claiming deduction under subsection (1)(a). The condition required to be fulfilled under subsection (1A) for claiming deduction under clause (a) of Subsection (1) is that the assessee himself must be engaged in the business of export of goods and is either a smallscale exporter or a holder of an Export House Certificate or in the business of provision of technical knowhow or rendering of services in connection therewith to persons outside India. It also requires further that the expenditure referred to in clause (b) of subsection (1) is incurred by the assessee wholly and exclusively for the purpose of such business of export of goods or technical knowhow, as the case may be. 9 A bare reading of the provision makes it clear that whatever may have been the position earlier, for the assessment year 197980, i.e. after introduction of subsection (1A), the assessee for claiming deduction under Section 35B has to be an exporter of goods or technical knowhow and the expenditure should have been incurred by him in connection with Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 8/11 1.ITR76-98.doc that business. 10 If one has regard to the agreement between the assessee and BHEL, which is described as a “back to back agreement”, the main contract for supply, delivery and provision to a person outside India, namely, in this case, ECSA, was entered into by BHEL and that it was at the instance of BHEL that the assessee had submitted its offer with regard to the provision of services in terms of the main contract. This was essentially a sub contract and the assessee was a subcontractor, who was responsible to, and supplied goods and services to, BHEL, an Indian party. The back to back agreement shows that the assessee was to furnish programme for submission of design calculations, layout drawings and documents forming part of the contract for approval of BHEL, who had the right to modify the same. It was only after the final approval of BHEL that the drawings, documents and calculations were to be submitted at site. The contract price, which was stated to be payable in Saudi Riyals, was to be paid by BHEL to the assessee. The contract also makes it clear that the export incentives in respect of the execution of the contract would belong to BHEL, and, wherever applicable, would be passed on to the assessee by BHEL. On a bare reading of this contract, it clearly appears to be a sub contract where obligations are owed by the assessee to the main contractor, namely, BHEL. The assessee has no obligations to the person outside in India, namely, in this case, ECSA. 11 In other words, what emerges from the record is that the exporter of knowhow in the present case was BHEL, who provided knowhow to a person outside India, namely, ECSA. It is BHEL, who, as such exporter, Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 9/11 1.ITR76-98.doc incurred expenses for the purpose of provision of technical knowhow to a person outside India. The assessee as a subcontractor of BHEL, did not provide any technical knowhow to a person outside India and was not entitled to claim any deduction under Section 35B, as it was then applicable. All authorities below, namely, the Assessing Officer, the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal, came to a concurrent conclusion that the assessee was not an exporter of any goods or knowhow and was merely a subcontractor of BHEL, who provided these services to BHEL and not to the person outside India, namely, ECSA. As held by the Tribunal in its order dated 18 November 1991, the agreement was entered into between BHEL and the foreign party and it was the duty of former to provide whatever services were contracted to the latter. As to how these services were to be provided to the foreign party was in the exclusive domain of BHEL. It alone was responsible to the foreign party for the provision of these services. In the premises, the Tribunal was right in coming to the conclusion that whatever was provided to the foreign party was clearly by BHEL and not the assessee concerned. The Tribunal rightly concluded that what was done by the assessee company, however technically specialized job it may be, it was done only for BHEL as a subcontractor and not for a person outside India and that, the assessee's goods were sold by State Trading Corporation of India to 2 (1997) 228 ITR 171 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 10/11 1.ITR76-98.doc various parties outside India. The assessee claimed weighted deduction under Section 35B(1)(b)(i) and (iv). The Supreme Court did not allow the claim of the assessee in the facts of the case, on the ground that the assessee had failed to prove that the assessee had incurred any expenditure wholly and exclusively for the purposes set out in Section 35B(1)(b). It did, in the course of its reasoning, however, observe that had the State Trading Corporation incurred expenditure for advertisement or publicity outside India for and on behalf of the assessee and in respect of the goods the assessee deals in or provides in the course of his business, the assessee could have availed of the deduction. Mr. Murlidhar relied on these observations to contend that there is no need for a nexus between the assessee and the foreign party to whom the supply is made. As we have noted above, whatever may have been the position under Section 35B as it existed prior to 141978, with effect from that day and till subsection (1A) remained on the statute book, the requirement of law to claim this deduction was that the assessee must be an exporter of goods or provider of technical knowhow to a person outside India and the expenditure must be incurred for such export of goods or provision of knowhow to a person outside India. The Supreme Court, in case of Stepwell Industries Ltd (supra), had no occasion to deal with the provisions of Subsection (1A) introduced in the Act. The judgment in the case of Stepwell Industries Ltd, thus, offers no assistance to the assessee in the present case. The assessee's case clearly falls within the Assessment Year 197980 and it is covered by the provisions of subsection (1A). 13 In the premises, there is no infirmity in the orders of the authorities below. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57
Chittewan 11/11 1.ITR76-98.doc 14 The question of law as framed by the Tribunal is, accordingly, answered in the affirmative, that is to say, in favour of the Revenue and against the Assessee. The Reference is disposed of in the above terms.
(S.C. GUPTE, J.) (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:00:57 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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