HUMAYUN SULEMAN MERCHANT vs. THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (X) MUMBAI AND ANR.

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WP/3184/2004HC Bombay25 October 2016Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A. K. MENON16 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the petitioner was not entitled to a waiver or reduction of interest under the CBDT order dated May 23, 1996. The Court interpreted the phrase 'as the case may be' in clause 2(d) of the original circular to mean 'whichever the case may be' or 'as the situation may be,' referring to the alternatives listed. However, it found that the circular primarily dealt with situations where non-payment of tax arose from a High Court decision that was later nullified by a retrospective amendment or a Supreme Court decision. The Court noted that the modification by the CBDT order dated January 30, 1997, rendered the phrase 'or as the case may be' redundant. Crucially, the petitioner failed to demonstrate that their non-payment of tax or non-investment in the specified bank account was due to unavoidable circumstances or circumstances beyond their control, as required by the principle illustrated in the CBDT order and as interpreted by the Gujarat High Court in Smt. Bhanuben Panchal. The Court also observed that no High Court decision supporting the petitioner's interpretation of Section 54F(4) was brought to its notice. The waiver or reduction of interest is discretionary and must be exercised strictly within the parameters of the order, which the petitioner did not meet. Therefore, the impugned order rejecting the waiver application was not found to be perverse.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Humayun Suleman Merchant, challenged an order dated October 5, 2004, passed by the Chief Commissioner of Income Tax (X), Mumbai, under Section 119(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This order rejected the petitioner's application for waiver of interest levied under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234C for assessment year 1996-97. The petitioner had filed his return declaring a total income of Rs. 44,84,820. The Assessing Officer levied interest totaling Rs. 10,27,650. This levy was due to the petitioner's failure to pay advance tax and file the return by the due date, stemming from a dispute over capital gains exemption under Section 54F. The petitioner had sold land for Rs. 85,33,250 and agreed to purchase a flat for Rs. 69,60,000, but only paid Rs. 35,00,000 by the return filing date and failed to deposit the balance in a specified account.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the petitioner is entitled to a waiver or reduction of interest under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234C for assessment year 1996-97, based on the CBDT order dated May 23, 1996, issued under Section 119(2)(a) of the Act? Assessee's Contention: The petitioner argued that clause 2(d) of the CBDT order dated May 23, 1996, particularly the phrase 'as the case may be,' entitled them to relief. They contended that this clause, even after modification by the CBDT order dated January 30, 1997, covered situations where non-payment of tax was due to circumstances beyond their control, or where the interpretation of Section 54F(4) was unclear. They relied on the Gujarat High Court's decision in Smt. Bhanuben Panchal, which suggested that clauses (a) to (e) of the May 23, 1996 order illustrated the principle of considering waiver when delay is due to unavoidable circumstances. Revenue's Contention: The revenue implicitly argued, through the impugned order and the court's reasoning, that the petitioner's situation did not fall within the scope of the CBDT circular, as the non-payment of tax and non-investment were not established to be due to unavoidable circumstances or beyond the petitioner's control. They also pointed out that the earlier appeal on Section 54F had already been decided against the assessee.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 119,Section 234A,Section 234B,Section 234C,Section 54F

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
Shiv wp3184-04-J-Final.doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.3184 OF 2004 Humayun Suleman Merchant .. Petitioner Vs. The Chief Commissioner of  Income Tax (X), Mumbai & Anr. .. Respondent Mr. B.M. Chatterjee, Senior Advocate with Ms.Shilpa Goel i/b M/s.S.V.  Pikale & Co.  for the Petitioner.  Mr. A.R. Malhotra with Mr.N.A. Kazi for the respondent.     CORAM :  M.S. SANKLECHA &         A. K. MENON, JJ. DATED  :  25TH OCTOBER, 2016

JUDGMENT (PER A.K.MENON, J.):

1.

By the present petition, the petitioner challenges the order dated   5th   October,   2004   of   respondent   no.1   passed   under   Section 119(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the 'Act').  By the impugned order the application for waiver of  interest levied  under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234C of the Act in respect of assessment year  1996­97 is rejected.

2.

In a related development Income Tax   Appeal No.545 of 2002  was filed in this Court pertaining to the same assessee and the same assessment year.   Two substantial questions of law formed the CNR No : HCBM020221922004 subject matter of the Income Tax Appeal. These are as follows : “(a) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was justified in applying the provisions of Section 54(F) (4) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? (b) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the Assessing Officer has rightly computed the deduction u/s. 54F of the Income Tax Act, 1961, restricting the investment in the new asset at Rs.35,00,000/­ and thus restricting the exemption   u/s.   54F   of   the   Act   proportionately   to   the amount invested ?”

3.

The Appeal has since been decided. Both Question Nos.1 and  2   have   been   answered   in   the   affirmative   i.e.   in   favour   of   the respondent­revenue and against the appellant­assessee.

4.

In   this   Petition   it   is   the   petitioner's   case   that   for   the assessment year 1996­97 the   petitioner has filed     return of   income declaring total income  of Rs.44,84,820/­. The Assessing Officer  levied interest as under :­ Under Section 234A Rs.   53,580/­ Under Section 234B Rs.9,73,370/­ Under Section 234C Rs. 700/­ In the return filed, the petitioner had claimed exemption from capital gains     under   Section   54F     in   respect   of     sale   of   the   land   for   a consideration  of Rs.85,33,250/­. Despite agreeing to  purchase a flat for a consideration of Rs.69,60,000/­ part payments of  only Rs.35,00,000/­ were made  till the date of filing return.  The balance  of Rs.34,60,000/­ ought   to   have been  deposited  by    the   petitioner  in   a specified account, however,  he failed to do so.  Upon the return being  filed  after the due  date   and  the  Petitioner   not having  paid   Advance tax  the assessing officer levied interest under Sections 234A, 234B and 234C vide order dated 13.3.2001. 5. Under Section 234A, if the return of income   for any assessment year under section 139(1) is furnished  after the due date then at the relevant time  the assessee is liable to pay simple interest at the rate of 2% for every month or   part of     a month comprising   the period commencing on the date immediately  following due date  and ending on the date when it is  furnished   and in case no return  is furnished, interest will be   computed   till date of completion of   the assessment under Section 144. Such interest is computed on the amount of the tax on the total  income as determined under Section 143 (1) provided that such tax determined shall be  reduced  by the amount of advance tax, if any,  paid.

6.

Under Section 234B if in any financial year, an assessee fails to pay advance tax under Section 208  or if the advance tax paid by such assessee  under Section 210 is less than  90% of the assessed  tax, the assessee at the relevant time is liable to pay  simple interest at the rate of 2% for every month   or part of the month from 1st April of the following financial   year upto the date of Assessment. Under Section 234C if advance tax payable under Section 208 has not been  so paid before the scheduled dates of 15th June, or 15th December  or 15th March as provided in the section, the assessee is liable  to pay simple  interest at   the   rate   of     1   ½%   is   less   than   30%   (15th  June)   or   60%   (15th December) or less than the tax due (15th  March) on the amount of shortfall  of  the tax due on the returned income.

7.

In   the   present   case   the   petitioner     having   received   the consideration  of Rs.85,33,250/­   the levy of interest as aforesaid  came to be made on account of his failure to pay taxes  as scheduled.   The petitioner assessee   omitted   to pay advance tax   in anticipation   of obtaining exemption  under Section 54F(4)  while dealing with the tax liability.  The petitioner however failed to obtain  such exemption at all levels viz  before the Assessing Officer,  the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal.  Being aggrieved the appellant  filed Income Tax Appeal which we have decided on 18th  August, 2016. In view of dismissal of the appeal, the denial of exemption under Section 54F stands confirmed.

8.

Mr. Chatterjee, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner   submitted     that   the   petitioner   was   entitled   to   waiver   or reduction of interest   in terms of the order [F.No.400/234/95­IT­(B)] dated   23.5.1996 issued under Section 119(2)(a) of the Act by the CBDT.

9.

Mr. Chatterjee, in particular  placed reliance upon clause 2(d) of the order [F.No.400/234/95­IT­(B)]  dated 23.5.1996  of the CBDT.  For ease of reference  the relevant extract  of the said circular  is produced below :­ “(2) (a) …. ….. …. (b) …. ….. …. (c) …. ….. …. (d)   Where any income   which was not chargeable   to income tax  on the basis of any  order passed  in the case of   an   assessee     by   the   High   Court     within   whose jurisdiction he is assessable to income  and as a result he did not pay income tax in relation to  such income  in any previous   year and subsequently, in consequence   of any retrospective  amendment  of law or as the case may be, the decision of Supreme Court   in his own case, which event  has taken place  after the end of year  of any such previous   year,   in   any   assessment   or   re­assessment proceedings  the advance tax   paid by the assessee during the financial  year immediately   preceding the  relevant assessment year is found to be  less than  the amount of advance tax  payable  on his  current income,  the assessee is  chargeable  to interest  under Section 234B or section 234C  and the Chief Commissioner of  Director General  is satisfied  that this is a fit case for reduction or waiver  of such interest.” (Emphasis supplied)

10.

Paragraph (d) of the said notification was later revised  by CBDT order under Section 119 (2)(a)  dated  30.1.1997 as under :­ “2. In partial modification  of this para  of the order,  the Central Board of Direct Taxes  has decided that there shall be  no condition that the decision of the High Court  or the Supreme Court, as referred  to therein, must be given in the assessee's own case.   Also  the condition that any retrospective  amendment of law  or the decision  of the Supreme Court   or the jurisdictional High Court   must have been  made after  the end of the relevant year stands withdrawn.”

11.

In the light of above   circular  Mr. Chatterjee  submitted that use of the words “as the case may be”  in clause 2(d) would entitle   the petitioner for the relief.  He submitted that  under clause 2(d)  if any income which was not chargeable  to Income Tax  on the basis of  any order passed by the High Court in case of an assessee which resulted in the assessee not paying  tax in relation  to such income  in any previous year     and   subsequently   as   a   consequence     of   any   retrospective amendment  of law  or as the case may be the decision of the Supreme Court in the assessee's own  case,   which event has taken place after the end of any such previous year, in any assessment or re­assessment proceeding, if the advance tax  paid by the assessee is found  to be less than  what was payable, the assessee could be entitled  for reduction or waiver  of  interest on the shortfall or omission to pay advance tax.  He submitted that  the facts of the petitioner’s case  clearly fell within the discretionary provisions of said clause 2(d) inasmuch as  the assessee's appeal was pending in this  Court   and was awaiting  adjudication, the petitioner should be spared of  interest  liability  especially  in view of the facts of present case.

12.

According to Mr. Chatterjee, the petitioner   had received possession of the premises which had been  purchased from out of the sale proceeds of the land.   The sale of capital  asset took place  on 29th April 1995   and the agreement of purchasing the flat   was dated 16th July, 1996 and amount of Rs.35,00,000/­ was paid towards  purchase of the flat and the balance of Rs.34,60,000/­   was to be   paid and the return of income  was filed on  4th November, 1996 under Section  139 of the Act.  Section 54F provides that  the amount not utilized  wholly or partly  for   the   purchase   towards   residential   accommodation   shall   be deposited by him  under Section 139(1)  in a specified bank account.  In the facts of the present case  Rs.34,60,000/­  was not so deposited   nor was it  paid towards purchase price.

13.

In support of his contentions Mr. Chatterjee relied upon the meaning of the words “as the case may be “ in P.Ramanatha Aiyar's Advanced Law Lexicon and  The Major Law Lexicon  and submitted that the definitions would encompass his client's case and that the benefit of reduction and/or waiver may be given to the Petitioner.  Mr. Chatterjee also   relied   upon   the   decision   of  Prime   Securities   Ltd     v/s   Assistant Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   (Investigation)   [2011]333   ITR   464  and submitted that this court had held that there was no interest liability in cases   where     the   assessee   could   not   anticipate   events   of   the   next financial year and hence no default in paying advance tax.

14.

Mr. Chatterjee also relied upon a judgment of the Kerala High Court in CIT v/s Jimichan M.Varicatt [2011] 330 ITR 338 (Ker) and the the Petitioner's case be favourably considered.

15.

On behalf of the revenue Mr. Malhotra resisted the petition inter alia contending that the facts of the present case did not call for exercise of any discretion in favour of the assessee. The Assessee had clearly fallen foul of the law in not having deposited the monies retained by him in the specified account and by not offering the amounts not paid for purchase of the flat to tax and finally in having failed to pay advance tax. Mr. Malhotra relied upon CIT v/s Anjum Ghaswala & Ors [2001] 252 ITR 1 and submitted that in Prime Securities (supra) this court had followed Anjum Ghaswala (supra) while holding   in the facts of that case that advance tax was not due owing to an unanticipated event and

therefore the assessee was entitled to relief. In Ghaswala (supra) Mr. Malhotra pointed out the Supreme Court had reiterated that as  in the normal rule of construction where a statute vests certain powers in an authority to be exercised in a particular manner, it must be so exercised for proper administration of the Act. He differentiated the decisions of Prime   Securities   (supra)   and   Varicatt   (supra)   on   facts.   Apropos Bhanuben Panchal's case (supra) Mr. Malhotra pointed that apart from the fact that the SLP filed by the revenue against the judgement in Bhanuben   had   been   dismissed,   the   facts   in   Bhanuben   made   for circumstances beyond the control of the assessee and Bhanuben cannot be applied in the present set of facts. He submitted that no case for interference was made out.

16.

We find that the   entire case of the petitioner as urged before us for waiver of interest is  based on the interpretation  of clause 2(d) of the order [F.No.400/234/95­IT­(B)] dated 23rd May, 1996 read after its modification   dated 30th January, 1997. Therefore  the scope of examination before us is the only correct and true  interpretation of the above order in the facts of this case.

17.

Having considered the facts, hearing counsel at length and having considered the decisions cited, we find that Mr. Malhotra is right. Mr. Chatterjee’s contention   is that   the Petitioner received possession and therefore  entire price was “deemed to be  appropriated” towards purchase price   of the residential flat  does not commend itself to us as already   negatived     in   our   order   dated     18th   August,   2016   in   the petitioner's appeal.  Furthermore, the phrase “as the case may be” does not carry the Petitioner's case any further.

18.

In   our   opinion,     in   the   facts   of   the   present   case     the petitioner is not entitled  to benefit  of  order [F.No.400/234/95­IT­(B)] dated   23.5.1996   and we are unable to   appreciate Mr. Chatterjee’s contention  that the expression “as the case may be” used in paragraph 2(d) of the order issued by the CBDT can come to the petitioner’s rescue.

This on the basis of his submission that it would cover any other case. The phrase “or as the case may be”    has been used in the order dated 23rd May 1996 to cover the alternative to an assessee not paying tax in view of the High Court decision which is now payable as a consequence of a retrospective amendment of law “or as the case may be” by the decision of the Supreme Court, which event takes place subsequent to the previous year relevant to Assessment Year.   Therefore, it has been used in the sense of “as the situation may be”.  In fact, this phrase “as the case may be”  was subject of consideration  by the Supreme Court held that the phrase “as the case may be” would mean   either of the alternatives as listed out along with the phrase “as the case may be”. The Court held it would mean “whichever the case may be” or “as the situation may be”.  It would mean one of the various alternatives.   The order dated   23.5.1996  of the CBDT  grants relief of waiver and / or reduction of interest on the ground that the non­payment of tax was on the basis of the decision of the jurisdictional High Court which was subsequently nullified by either  retrospective amendment of the law or by a Supreme Court decision.   It does not deal with the submission the petitioner is urging before us.   In any case, without  prejudice to the above, it may be mentioned that after the partial modification of para (d) of the order dated 23rd May 1996 by a                further order dated 30th  January,   1997,   the   phrase   “or   as   the   case   may   be”   becomes redundant and impliedly stands deleted on account of the modification. This being so there are now no alternatives available under para (d) of the order dated 23rd May 1996 as modified.   The only submission made before us for non­payment of taxes was hardship to the petitioner and for that purpose reliance was placed on the phrase “as the case may be”, 23rd May, 1996, the non­payment of tax was for circumstances beyond the control of the assessee and the same could be   considered as   a specie   of   unavoidable   circumstances.       Clauses   (a)   to   (e)   merely illustrate the different facets of the underlying principle that waiver of interest  is to be considered  when the delay  on the part of the assessee is due to  unavoidable circumstances  or on account of the circumstances beyond his control.   When such circumstances, if they exist, lead to delay in filing return of income and results in   delay in payment of taxes,   they     would   qualify   for   consideration     as   unavoidable   and

therefore a case to be considered  for reduction or   waiver of interest. It is true that the Gujarat High Court  in Smt.Bhanuben   Panchal (supra) does state that various clause (a) to (e)  of the order  dated 23rd May, 1996 issued by the CBDT are merely illustrative  of the principle  where delay  on the  part  of assessee is due to  unavoidable  circumstances  or on account of circumstances  beyond his control.  In the present facts, the petitioners have not been  able to establish  that non payment of the tax and/or   non investment  in the specified bank    account in terms  of Section 54F   of the Act  was on account of  unavoidable  circumstances or circumstances  beyond control of the petitioner.

22.

In    the   present   set   of   facts   and   on   the   basis   of   the submission made before us, we do not find fault with the impugned order.  This is so as the petitioner has not established that non­payment of taxes were for reasons beyond his control.   For the above reasons, the impugned order on the interpretation of the order dated 23rd May, 1996 cannot be said to be perverse.

23.

The petitioner has not established that he is entitled to benefit of the order dated 23rd May, 1996  for waiver of interest.

24.

For the aforesaid reasons we pass the following order : (i) Rule is discharged. (ii) The writ petition is dismissed. (iii)

No  order as to the costs. (A. K. MENON, J.) (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.)

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