AMAR HOTCHAND NAGPAL MUMBAI vs. THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRE CIRCLE 10 and ORS

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WP/370/1998HC Bombay21 December 2016Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A. K. MENON16 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the three impugned notices dated September 23, 1997, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, seeking to reopen the assessments for AYs 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92, were bad in law and were quashed and set aside. The Court reasoned that the reasons recorded for reopening were based on a re-examination of the seized diaries (A1 to A6), which had already been considered during the prior assessment and reassessment proceedings for the same assessment years. There was no fresh material or indication of any failure on the part of the petitioner to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment, nor any misrepresentation. The Court found that the reasons recorded indicated a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer, amounting to a review of his earlier decisions, rather than a valid basis for reassessment. The reliance placed by the revenue on Zohar Siraj Lokhandwala (supra) and Eureka Stock & Share Broking Services Ltd. (supra) was found to be misplaced as the facts and circumstances were distinguishable. The Court reiterated that reopening notices must be judged solely on the basis of the reasons recorded.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Amar Hotchand Nagpal, a finance and estate broker, challenged three notices dated September 23, 1997, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, seeking to reopen assessments for Assessment Years (AY) 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92. The petitioner had filed returns declaring incomes of Rs. 1.92 lakhs, Rs. 1.47 lakhs, and Rs. 40.99 lakhs respectively for these years. Assessments for AY 1989-90 and 1990-91 were completed under Section 143(1)(a), and for AY 1991-92 under Section 143(3). Following a search on September 21/22, 1990, and reliance on seized diaries (A1 to A6), reassessments were made for AY 1989-90 and 1990-91, determining income at Rs. 4.65 lakhs and Rs. 11.89 lakhs, and a regular assessment was made for AY 1991-92. The impugned notices were issued approximately 5-7 years after the original assessments/reassessments.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the reasons recorded for issuing the notices under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for AYs 1989-90, 1990-91, and 1991-92, were sufficient to form a belief that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment, thereby justifying the reopening of assessments. Assessee's Contention: The petitioner argued that the reasons recorded for reopening were based solely on a re-examination of the seized diaries, which were already considered during the original assessments and reassessments. This constituted a change of opinion and an attempt to review earlier decisions, rather than a genuine belief of escaped income due to failure to disclose material facts. The petitioner relied on the principle that reopening notices must stand or fall on the reasons recorded. Revenue's Contention: The revenue contended that the seized diaries contained information about brokerage and property dealings that were not fully disclosed or assessed in the original proceedings. They relied on the decision in Zohar Siraj Lokhandwala (supra) and Eureka Stock & Share Broking Services Ltd. (supra) to support their argument that even if material was produced, if it was not properly considered or if there was misrepresentation, reopening was permissible.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 143(1)(a),Section 143(3),Section 147

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

wp-370-1998

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 370 OF 1998

Amar Hotchand Nagpal ] 396, Swan Lake, 14th Road, ] Khar (West), Mumbai 400 052. ] ..    Petitioner. v/s. 1 The Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax ] Central Circle 10, Mumbai, Old CGO Bldg., Annex]

8th Floor, M. K.Marg, Near Marine Lines, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] 2 The Commissioner of Income Tax ] Central­I, Mumbai, Old CGO Bldg., Annex, ] 10th Floor, M.K. Marg, New Marine Lines, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] 3 Union of India ] Aayakar Bhavan, 2nd Floor, M. K.Marg, ] New Marine Lines, Mumbai 400 020. ]..    Respondents. Mr. Vipul Joshi with Mr. Ashok Patil, for the Petitioner. Mr. N. C. Mohanty, for the Respondent­Revenue. CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, & A.K.MENON, JJ. DATE    : 21st DECEMBER, 2016. Oral Judgement (Per M.S. Sanklecha,J.) 1 This Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, challenges three notices all dated 23rd  September, 1997, issued under Section 148 of Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act). The three impugned notices  all dated 23rd September, 1997, seek to re­open the Assessment for   the   Assessment   Years   1989­90,   1990­91   and   1991­92   each respectively. S.R.JOSHI 1/16 CNR No : HCBM020009071998 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 The  petition was admitted on 25 August 1999 by this Court. At the time of admission, interim stay was granted in respect of all the three impugned notices dated 23 September 1997 till the disposal of this petition. 3 The bare facts relevant for the disposal of this  petition are that   the   Petitioner   at   the   relevant   time   was   carrying   on   business   as Finance and Estate   Broker in the name and style of M/s. Amarlal & Company.  For the Assessment Year 1989­90, the Petitioner had filed its return   of   income   on   5th  January,   1990   declaring   an   income   of Rs.1.92lakhs. For the Assessment Year 1990­91, the Petitioner had filed its return   of   income   on   23rd  August,   1990,   declaring   an   income   of Rs.1.47lakhs and for Assessment Year 1991­92,, the Petitioner had filed its   return   of   income   on   31st  August,   1991,   declaring   an   amount   of Rs.40.99lakhs. 4 For   the   Assessment   Years,   1989­90   and   1990­91,   the assessment   proceedings   were   completed   by   intimation   under   Section 143(1)(a)   of   the   Act   on   9th  February,   1990   and   6th  March,   1991 respectively. While for the Assessment Year 1991­92, the Assessing Officer completed   regular assessment by order dated 31st  March, 1992 under Section 143(3) of the Act. 5 In   the   meantime,   on   21/22nd  September,   1990,   search proceedings   were   initiated   against   the   Petitioner.   Consequent   to   the search proceedings, two re­opening notices under Section 148 of the Act was issued for the Assessment Years 1989­90 and 1990­91. The Assessing Officer, thereafter by two orders dated 31st  March, 1995 passed under S.R.JOSHI 2/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 Section   148   read   with   Section   143(3)   of   the   Act,   determined   the Petitioner's income at Rs.4.65lakhs for the Assessment Years 1989­90 and Rs.11.89 lakhs for the Assessment Year 1990­91. This was by relying upon entries in six diaries (A1 to A6) which were seized by the department during the course of the  search. So far as the Assessment Year 1991­92 is concerned, the Assessing Officer completed the Assessment on 31st March, 1994 by an order passed under Section 143(3) of the Act again amongst other things by placing reliance upon the six diaries (A1 to A6) seized during the search proceedings  in the year 1990­91. 6 Thereafter, the Assessing Officer issued  the impugned notices on   23rd  September,   1997   to   the   Petitioner,   seeking   to   re­open   the assessment for the Assessment Years 1989­90, 1990­91 and 1991­92. The reasons recorded in support of the impugned notices   by the Assessing Officer for all the three years are,  identical, according to counsel for both sides. Therefore, for the sake of convenience, the reasons recorded for the Assessment Year 1991­92  are reproduced  as under:­ SHRI AMAR NAGPAL A.Y. 1991­92 REASON FOR REOPENING UNDER SECTION 147 The assessee is a financer, a finance broker, estate agent and property dealer. An action u/s. 132 was taken on him on 21­9­90   and books of accounts were seized. It is noted that he received estate brokerage, finance  charges  (interest and brokerage)  as given below.   He also invested in properties mentioned below.  The figures   in diaries   A/6   and   A/1 are written by omitting three zeros and wherever he has made `=’ mark, those figures are written by omitting two zeros. S.R.JOSHI 3/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 A. Estate   Brokerage

: In   diary   A/6   it   is   written   that     the   assessee received following   brokerage/profit in estate dealings: Date Amount Rs. Description of properties 16.4.90 1,00,000 Navani profit W.G. (Also written in A/1 diary, Balance 1,80,000) 25.4.90 1,25,000 Murari Brokerage Murd (Also in A/1 as 26.4.90) ,, 10,000 Murari Divya fee Murd 11.5.90 39,000 Received from Navani shop Brokerage 29.5.90 3,00,000 Gandhi Brokerage due 30.5.90 1,00,000 Gandhi Brokerage due 7.6.90 66,000 Eagle profit (Eagle farm Karjat) 15.6.90 15,000 Flat Prof. 2  a/c 10.7.90 15,000 Shy Ahp Brokerage flat 23.7.90 50,000 Uttam Brokerage 25 net 16.8.90 1,00,000 Puri profit Karjat (Also noted in A/1) 29.8.90 19,500 Navani Brokerage account In diary     A/1     following profit/brokerage is written which is not incorporated in A/6 diary  :­ 18.4.90  2,21,000 Murari shop Khar (Total 4,51,000 ­ 2,30,000= 2,21,000 profit) ­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Total 11,60,500 ====== The above income was not shown by the assessee to his return nor assessed. This income of Rs. 11,60,500/­ has escaped assessment. B.    The   assessee  is  also  buying and selling properties. The details of such dealings are also noted in reasons recorded for A.Y. 1989­90. During the year the receipts   from property  dealings   noted in   A/6   diaries are: S.R.JOSHI 4/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 Date Amount Rs. Description 3.4.90 21,000 Mahink Asha Nagar Deposit flat a/c 4.4.90 25,000 - do   ­ 12.4.90 2,93,000 - do  ­ 16.4.90 1,58,000 Murari shop account Khar 16.4.90 1,55,000 Divya Shah flat (also noted in A/1 on 18.4.90) 24.4.90 1,72,500 Mahink Asha Nagar Flat 401 (Also entry in A/1 24.4.90) 25.4.90 70,615 All account Murd ,, 1,00,000 Manghira Bhayandar ,, 1,30,000 Mahink Flat payment (Also A/1 diary) 2.5.90 35,000 Jasbir shop account ,, 3,48,750 Chand Asha Nagar (Also A/1 diary) ,, 2,50,000 Rahul Murd account 7.5.90 4,00,250 Chandru & Mahink for Asha Nagar (Also in A/1 diary on 8.5.90) ,, 3,00,000 Manghira Bhayander 9.5.90 3,49,000 Chandru Crystal (Also in A/1 diary) 11.5.90 55,000 Navani flat account 22.5.90 50,000 Chandru flat deposi for Asha Nagar (Also in A/1 diary on 23.5.1990) 24.5.90 1,08,800 - do – (Also A/1 diary) 24.5.90 2,00,000 Dr. Sri Project A/c ,, 1,64,000 Mahink Asha Nagar (A­1 diary entry on 28.5.90 for flat 302) 1.6.90 1,65,000 c/o. Mad Kukereja flat no.1901 Rate 950 area 1005 (also entry in A/1 dated 3.6.90 as Madkukreja Kandivli) ,, 1,50,000 Received from Divya D. Jaisingh flat A/c A/1 3.6.90 9.6.90 1,50,000 Divya flat Dilip 13.6.90 12,500 D.H.Murd a/c (Also A­1 Bunglow) 16.6.90 60,000 Received from Chandru flat a/c crystal (A­1 diary 19.6.90) 22.6.90 4,200 Received from Chokshi Mudh a/c ,, 55,000 Received Khysh Bunglow Thane a/c (A­1 23.6.90) 25.6.90 50,000 Received Khys Thana Bunglow a/c S.R.JOSHI 5/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 (A­1 25.6.90 Rutu Enclave) 29.6.90 4,00,000 Received Purs Tulsa flat a/c (A­1) ,, 50,000 Chandu Sri Project flat  (A­1 diary 28.6.90 Crystal Kandvli) 5.7.90 2,00,000 Received Divya Shah flat a/c Dep a/c (A­1 on 6.7.90) 7.7.90 2,00,000 Received C/o. P. Tulsa flat a/c 1031/5 (A­1 diary also) 9.7.90 10,000 Received Khysh Asha Nagar Dep(A1) 16.7.90 1,74,000 Received Mahink Asha Nagar flat payment (A­1 flat 501) - Do­ 27,250 Received Sarju Thane a/c B/2 ­ 102 (A­1) 17.7.90 1,50,000 Received Mahin Divya a/c Deep 17.7.90 50,000 Received Chandubai flat crystal(A­1) 17.7.90 75,000 Received Navani L.C. flat Kandivli payment (A­1 18.7.1990) 17.7.90 1,50,000 Received Divya flat a/c 19.7.90 25,000 Atlanta a/c 27.7.90 1,50,000 L.C. Flat Mad 1501 2.8.90 50,000 Received Dalal Hud Atlanta 6.8.90 1,36,000 Khysh Thana  a/c ,, 10,000 Mahink Deposit Asha Nagar(A­1 Rate 630 net) ,, 78,000 Navani 2 A/c 1300 8.8.90 2,00,000 Khysh Silver (A – 1 Silvermist a/c) 9.8.90 1,34,000 Chandru Kandivli , Asha Nagar (A­1 620 net) 13.8.90 1,71,500 Chandru Asha nagar Kandivli (A – 1) 16.8.90 6,25,000 Navani Karjat (A – 1) ,, 1,69,750 Mahink flat payment (A – 1 flat no.504 x 330 + 10 deposit Ashanagar) ,, 2,50,000 Khys Silver (A – 1 diary on 17.8.90 Silver Mist) ,, 28,000 Anand flat 18.8.90 1,50,000 Khysh Silver a/c (A­1 Silver Mist) 22.8.90 1,71,500 Mahink Asha Nagar (A­1 No.504) 22.8.90 4,500 Chandru Asha Nagar 22.8.90 70,000 Received R Vasu Karjat a/c S.R.JOSHI 6/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 27.8.90 2,50,000 Atlanta ,, 17,500 ,, 29.8.90 20,000 Navani Divya A/c 5.9.90 1,00,000 Kamath   Deposit   A/c   Bunglow   (A–1) Bunglow Versova) 12.9.90 1,14,000 LFC Kandivli Flat Madai 18.9.90 6,000 Sunrays Murari ,, 25,000 O.P. Sharma There are following receipt   entries which are noted in A/1 diary which do not appear in A/6. 3.4.90 1,35,000 Sri Project shop Manish Park Andheri 4.4.90 1,51,000 Shri   Project   Investment   Andheri   Manish Park 5.4.90 10,000 Mahink Asha Nagar 6.4.90 75,000 Khys Pratap Bhayandar flat a/c 7.4.90 25,000 Mahink Asha Nagar No.304 13.4.90 20,000 Chandubhai Crystal Deposit 14.4.90 2,93,000 Mahink Asha Nagar flat no.302 Area 550                               401 575 18.4.90 1,58,000 Murari Shop Khar Total 451 – 230 = 221 profit 23.4.90 5,00,000 Tik Kukja Sonda Atlanta ,, 10.00,000 ­do ­      LFC 26.4.90 50,000 Murari Divya a/c 26.4.90 1,00,000 Manghiram Bhayander Deposit 7.5.90 3,00,000 Manghi Bhayander Deposit 5.6.90 50,000 Chandrubhai Crystal A/c 6.6.90 36,000 C/o.Madam Flat a/c no. 1502x 950 rate 11.7.90 3,00,000 P. Tulsi Zali Con 1,16,78,515 Total receipts for properties Rs.1,16,78,515/­. The profit on these sales is estimated @ 15% at Rs. 17,51,777/­ .  The assessee has not shown this profit and hence it has escaped assessment. S.R.JOSHI 7/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 C.   The assessee has invested the following amounts in immovable properties as noted in diary A­1 as under:­ Date Amount Description 3.4.90 4,00,000 Sri Project monis Vijay area 350 x 1500 = 5,25,000 5.4.90 3,01,000 Khysh Pratap flat 825 – 575 6.4.90 3,00,000 Sri Project Kirit Nalasopara 325 x 60% 14.4.90 1,00,000 Navani cheque to D.R. Puri Farm Karjat 18.4.90 2,34,000 R.Vasu 24.4.90 20,000 Murari, Blossom Enpys cheque 25.4.90 25,000 Murari Murud A/c ,, 2,000 Murari Blossom A/c 26.4.90 7,00,000 Jaikap against Kandivli Crystal 7.5.90 10,000 Divya Shah Nana Chowk ,, 40,00,000 Nitiraj Property against flat 2450 sq.ft Raj Prashar 10.5.90 13,00,000 Navani   Tirupati   Plaza   Shop 3600 (A – 6 diary Page 65) (11.5.90) 18.5.90 2,50,000 Atlanta Construction Co – Dolly Nagpal 3.6.90 2,00,000 Kishor Jaising Flat A/c 11.6.90 1,50,000 Kishore Jaising Flat Divya A/c 30.6.90 60,00,000 Sri Project Nalasopara 34000 x 175 agreement – 90 6.7.90 2,00,000 Deepak Divya Flat a/c 19.7.90 75,000 Navani Flat A/c 1.8.90 4,80,000 Sri Project Shop No.5, 350 x feet  x 1500 ft. 2.8.90 9,68,000 Sri Project Worli – Shop 4.8.90 2,20,500 Sri Project 490 feet x 2 x 375 rate x 60 % 7.8.90 50,000 Kum Jaisingh Mud   A/c (Also A/6 diary p. 79) S.R.JOSHI 8/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 7.8.90 1,00,000 Dilip Divya Flat a/c 10.8.90 1,60,000 K.K. Murari Karjat Sirse A/c ,, 50,000 Kum. Jais Mud A/c 13.8.90 37,50,000 Eagle Farm against material 14.8.90 20,000 Given Divya Shah Navani Stamp A/c 14.8.90 40,000 K.K. Murari Karjat 21.8.90 5,00,000 Atlanta Sonda Against 304     610  ft x 1000 23.8.90 2,50,000 Ramse   Jivan   Sharda   Kutir Deposit 12000 feest   3000 Tenants 25.8.90 5,50,000 Atlanta Construction (Also in A/6 diary on 27.8.90 ) (P. 82) 24.8.90 5,00,000 Kirtikar Deposit office (A/6 diary on 27.8.90 ) (P.82) 24.8.90 5,92,000 Sri Project Mulund Tower 5.9.90 30,000 Kum Jais Mad A/c (Also  in A ­ 6 diary) 8.9.90 17,50,000 Sri Project 2 Mulund Tower 2 Nalasopara Flat 10.9.90 10,00,000 Pradip Sri Mulund A.c. 15.9.90 5,00,000 Kirtikar Adj. Office 1400 feet lumpsum 30L – 20 paid 10 Bal. Total 2,57,77,500 These investments are from 1.4.90 till 21.9.90 (date of search). The assessee could not  explain the source of these investments  However, if the credit is given for sale proceeds of  Rs. 1,16,78,515/­  as par para (B), the net investment remains unexplained is Rs. 1,40,98,985/­ which has escaped assessment. D. The assessee is a financer.  He has not explained the source of finance made. The new amounts given during the year to various parties upto 21.9.90   as   per   diary   A/3   are   Rs.3,29,85,000/­   The   assessee   has   not S.R.JOSHI 9/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 explained, the source of the money advanced to various persons mentioned in A/3   diary.   I   am   therefore   of   the   opinion   that   this   amount   of   Rs. 3,29,85,000/­is the income of the assessee u/s. 69/69B which has escaped assessment. E. As   per   A/I   diary   the   assessee   paid   Rs.60,000   on   20.4.90   for membership of club for four persons. The source is not explained  Similarly he paid Rs.5,000/­ to Shri Ranan as deposit for  Toyota Car  on 13.6. 90. The source is not  explained  and also paid Rs. 4,35,000/­ to purchase 29 bearer bonds @ 15000 per bond on 9.4.90 to Sri Projects.  The  source of Rs. 4,35,000/­ is not explained. Thus the amount of Rs. (60,000 +  5000 + 4,35,000) Rs. 5,00,000/­ is   the   income   of   the   assessee   u/s.   69/69A/69B   which   has   escaped assessment. F. The assessee  vide   letter  dt . 5.2.94  has  admitted that cash amount of   Rs.31   lacs   deposited   in   the   bank   are   unaccounted   and   covered   by declaration u/s.132(4).  This amount has escaped assessment. Thus consideration A,B,C,D,E & F above,   the following income has escaped assessment within sub­clause (i) of clause (c) of explanation 2 of Sec. 147. Para A for estate brokerage received Rs.  11,60,500 Para B for profit in property dealings Rs.  17,51,777 Para C for unexplained investment in                              Properties Rs.1,40,98,985 Para D for unexplained finances made           Rs.3,29,85,000 Para E for club membership, Toyota booking and bearer bonds Rs.     5,00,000 S.R.JOSHI 10/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 Para F for unaccounted cash deposit in Bank Rs.    31,00,000 ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Rs.5,35,95,762 ========= 7 The     impugned   notices   dated   23   September   1997   were challenged in this Court by filing this petition on the ground that the same are without jurisdiction and therefore bad in law. 8 The Respondent­Revenue, has opposed this petition by filing an affidavit in reply dated 12th March, 1988 of one Mr. K. K. Deb Burman, the Commissioner of Income Tax, Central­I, – wherein it is contended that during the assessment proceedings under Section 148 read with Section 143(3) of the Act for Assessment Years 1989­90 and 1990­91 and during assessment   proceedings   under   Section   143   (3)   of   the   Act   for   the Assessment Year 1991­92  the Petitioner had misled the Assessing officer in respect of the entries found in the six seized diaries(A­1 to A­6) to conclude that he is only a finance and estate broker and not a financer in his   own   right.   Besides,   the   affidavit   also   states   that   the   Petitioner's decoding of the seized diaries (A­1 to A­6), during the regular assessment proceedings was incorrect. This on the basis of the examination of the seized  diaries(A­1 to A­6). 9 Mr.   Joshi,   learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the   Petitioner submits that the reasons as recorded for issuing the impugned notice do not even remotely  indicate that the Petitioner had  misled the department to reach the conclusion that he is a finance broker and not a financer. Similarly, it is submitted that the reasons as recorded do not even allege remotely that the petitioner  had not  decoded the entries in the diaries S.R.JOSHI 11/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 during the earlier/regular Assessment proceedings. These allegations are found only in the above Affidavit in reply filed by the Revenue to the Petition. It is submitted that such improvement of reasons by affidavit is not permissible as held by this Court in Hindustan Lever Ltd., v/s. R.B. Wadekar 268 ITR 322. Therefore it is submitted that in the absence of reasons being supplemented, the impugned notices for reopening are a clear case of change of opinion on the same facts. 10               On the other hand, Mr. Mohanty, learned Counsel appearing for   the   Respondent­Revenue   places   reliance   upon   the   Affidavit   dated dated 12th March, 1988 of one Mr. K. K. Deb Burman, the Commissioner of Income Tax, Central­I, to contend that the Petitioner had misled the Assessing officer in respect of the entries found in the six seized diaries(A­ 1 to A­6)  to conclude that he is not a financer.  Besides, as stated in the affidavit  the Petitioner's decoding of the seized diaries(A­1 to A­6) was incorrect. The learned Counsel further states that merely because the necessary evidence in the form of seized dairies were before the Assessing officer during the earlier Assessment proceedings, it would not follow that that   there   has   been   a   full   and   true   disclosure   of   all   material   facts necessary for assessments. It is submitted that it was the obligation of the petitioner  to invite  the attention  of the   Assessing Officer to specific material evidence in the seized dairies. In support attention is invited to Explanation II to Section 147 of the Act and the decision of this Court in Zohar Siraj Lokhandwala v/s. M. G. Kamat & Others 210 ITR 956. Further, reliance is placed upon the decision of the Calcutta High Court in CIT   v/s.   M/s.   Eureka   Stock   &   Share   Broking   Services   Ltd.,   74 Taxmann.com 114 to contend that where an assessee has misrepresented facts which led the Assessing Officer to   take a view divorced from the S.R.JOSHI 12/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 actual facts, then it is  open to the Assessing Officer to issue a re­opening notice as done in the present facts. Thus it was submitted that the petition should be dismissed and the petitioner would have more than sufficient opportunity to explain the facts before the authorities under the Act in the reassessment  proceedings. 11 It is a settled position in law  that  a re­opening of assessment has to be done only by the Assessing Officer based on his reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. This satisfaction of the Assessing officer has to be disclosed /made explicit in the reasons recorded and the same cannot be a subject of speculation and /or drawing inferences.  This is so conclusively stated  this Court in Hindustan Lever Ltd., (supra) as under: “.... the reasons are required to be read as they were recorded by the Assessing Officer. No substitution or deletion is permissible. No additions can be made to those reasons. No inference can be allowed to drawn based on reasons not recorded. It is for the Assessing officer to disclose and open his mind through reasons recorded by him. He has to speak through his reasons.... The reasons recorded should be clear and unambiguous and suffer from any vagueness. The reasons recorded must disclose his mind. Reasons are the manifestation of the ind of the Assessing officer. The reasons recorded should be self explanatory and should not keep the assessee guessing for the reasons. Reasons provide a link between conclusion and evidence. The reasons must be based on evidence. The Assessing Officer, in the event of challenge to the reasons must be able to justify the same on the material available on record... That vital link is the safeguard against arbitrary reopening   of   the   concluded   assessment.   The   reason   recorded cannot   be   supplemented   by   filing   affidavit   or   making   oral submission, otherwise,   reasons   which are lacking in material particulars   would   get   supplemented,   by   the   time   the   matter reaches   to   the   court,   on   the   strength   of   affidavit   or   oral submissions advanced.” S.R.JOSHI 13/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 In the above view, any improvement in the reasons recorded as sought to be done by oral submissions on the basis of the affidavit  in reply of the Commissioner of Income Tax Mr. K.K. Deb Burman dated 12 May 1988 has to be   ignored. The reasons as recorded can alone be subjected to examination, to determine whether it supports the belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. On minute examination of the reasons recorded, we find that even when reasons recorded are read as a whole, it does not indicate that there has been a failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose fully and truly all facts necessary for assessment. Nor does it state that there has been any misrepresentation on the part of the petitioner. It is on re­examination of the seized diaries(A­1 to A­6) alone, without any fresh material which points to the falsity of the diaries(A­1 to A­6). Therefore when we examine the reasons recorded, without the aid of the affidavit in reply dated 12 March 1988 of the Commissioner of Income Tax, it clearly  indicates  a change of opinion on the same set of facts. Thus it is a clear case of the Assessing officer seeking to review his decision taken during the earlier assessment/ re­opening assessment and not a case of reassessment. 13 The  reliance placed by Mr. Mohanty upon the decision of this Court in Zohar Siraj Lokhandwala (supra), is misplaced in the facts of this case. In that case, Petitioner had filed a trust deed during the assessment proceedings and claimed that there was no cost of acquisition for the purpose of determining capital gain tax.  However, the trust deed itself contains   a   indication   that   the   acquisition   of   the   property   which   was transferred, was for a consideration of Rs.300/­. The Assessing Officer sought to re­open and complete its assessment by placing reliance upon the  trust deed and in, particular, the cost of acquisition of the property S.R.JOSHI 14/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 which   was   subjected   to   capital   gains   being   recorded   therein   for   the purpose of re­opening assessment. In that case, the Assessing Officer as well as this Court while negating a challenge by the Petitioner before it, placed   reliance   upon   Explanation­I   to   Section   147   of   the   Act   which provides that  mere production of account books or other evidence from which material evidence could  with due diligence have been discovered by the Assessing Officer, will not necessarily amount to disclosure within the meaning of the first proviso to Section 147 of the Act. In the present facts, it is not the case of the Revenue that any material evidence which was a part of the seized six diaries (A1 to A6),was not brought to the notice of the Assessing Officer, and it does not mention which material relied upon by the Petitioner during the assessment proceedings, had led the Assessing Officer to conclude that the Petitioner is only a finance broker and not a financier. In fact the reasons recorded  in this case does not even remotely indicate that any part of the evidence being relied upon to   issue   the   impugned   notices   were   not   brought   attention   to   by   the petitioner during earlier assessment proceedings for the very assessment years   which   are   sought   to   be   reopened.   In   the   case   of  Zohar   Siraj Lokhandwala (supra), the reliance was placed upon the Explanation­I to Section 147 of the Act, as the assesssee therein had not invited attention of the Assessing Officer to the trust deed, in particular, that the cost of acquisition of the capital asset was Rs.300/­. Therefore the decision of this Court in Zohar Siraj Lokhandwala (supra), would have no application to the present facts. 14 Similarly, the reliance  placed by Mr. Mohanty on the decsion of the  Calcutta High Court in Eureka Stock & Share Broking Services Ltd., (supra) would also  have no application to the present facts – for the two S.R.JOSHI 15/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-370-1998 reasons.  Firstly, in the above case, the assessee had by a letter addressed to the Assessing Officer during the course of assessment proceedings, misrepresented facts which led the Assessing Officer to pass an assessment order, to the prejudice of the Revenue. Admittedly, there is nothing in the reasons recorded in this case, to even remotely suggest that there was any misrepresentation   of   facts   by   the   Petitioner   during   the   assessment proceedings under Section 143(3) read with Section 148 of the Act for the Assessment   Years   1989­90   and   1990­91   or   even   during   the   regular assessment   proceedings   for   the   Assessment   Year   1991­92   completed under Section 143(3) of the Act. Secondly, the above decision of Calcutta High Court does not deal with the issue dealt with by this Court in Hindustan Lever Ltd., (supra) that an  reopening notice must stand or fall only on the basis of the reasons recorded. In this case the reasons as recorded do not even suggest that there has been any misrepresentation. Thus,   Eureka   Stock   &   Share   Broking   Services   Ltd.,(supra)   has   no application to the present facts. 15 In the above view, all the three  impugned notices dated 23rd September, 1997 under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen the assessment for Assessment Years 1989­90 1990­91 and 1991­92  are bad in law. Therefore, quashed and set aside. Rule made absolute in terms of prayer clause (a). No order as to costs. (A.K.MENON,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) S.R.JOSHI 16/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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