shri b.l. shah vs. acit special range 16 (2)

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ITXA/910/2007HC Bombay05 February 2016Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE B.P. COLABAWALLA13 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the finding of the Tribunal that the amount of Rs. 3,80,48,100 was not in the nature of non-compete fees was a possible and reasonable view, and not perverse or arbitrary. The court considered several factors that led to this conclusion: (i) the payments were made before the retirement date and the non-compete agreement; (ii) the assessee was 81 years old and unlikely to compete; (iii) the odd figure of the payment and the assessee's failure to provide a breakdown; (iv) the assessee continued as an advisor to Grasim after retirement; (v) Grasim deducted TDS on the payment without protest from the assessee, indicating acceptance of its nature; and (vi) a letter from Aditya Birla Group indicated the payment was subject to tax deduction. The court found that the agreement dated March 31, 2002, was a camouflage. The court also noted that the issue of whether the amount was profit in lieu of salary under Section 17 was determined by the AO and not challenged by the assessee before the appellate authorities, and therefore, it was not an issue arising from the impugned order. The appeal was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Shri B.L. Shah, an 81-year-old individual, retired from Grasim Limited on March 31, 2002, after over 33 years of service. He received substantial retirement benefits, including a monthly pension and medical expense reimbursement. Additionally, he received Rs. 3,80,48,100, which he claimed as non-compete fees, supported by an agreement dated March 31, 2002. This amount was paid in tranches prior to the agreement's execution. The Assessing Officer (AO) noted that Grasim had deducted Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) on this payment and that the assessee continued as an advisor to Grasim post-retirement. The AO concluded the payment was not non-compete fees but was in lieu of salary, under Section 17(3)(ii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal upheld the AO's order.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the finding of the Tribunal that the amount received by the Appellant was not in the nature of non-compete fees is perverse and/or contrary to the material on record and is given ignoring the documents in the Paper Book and overlooking the written submissions made by the Appellant? (Question of law and fact, concerning the characterization of payment under the Income Tax Act, 1961). Assessee's Contentions: - The payment received as non-compete fees is not taxable in the subject Assessment Year, citing the Supreme Court's decision in Guffic Chem. P. Ltd. V/s. CIT 332 ITR 602. - The Tribunal's reliance on various circumstances to deny the non-compete nature of the fees was incorrect. - The agreement dated March 31, 2002, obligated the return of payment upon breach, indicating it was not salary. Revenue's Contentions: - The Tribunal's findings were based on a holistic consideration of facts, including payments made before the agreement, the assessee's age, the odd figure of the payment, the continued advisory role, TDS deduction by Grasim without protest, and the letter from Aditya Birla Group indicating the payment was subject to tax deduction. - The Tribunal's view that the payment was not for non-compete fees was a reasonable and possible view and not perverse.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 143(3),Section 17(3)(ii),Section 17

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.910 OF 2007 Shri B. L. Shah ] 3rd Floor, Manisha, ] 69A Nepeansee Road, ] Mumbai 400 026. ] .. Appellant. V/s. ACIT, Special Range 16(2), Mumbai ] having his office at Matru Mandir, ] Mumbai 400 007. ] .. Respondent. Mr. R.Murlidharan with Mr. A. K. Jasani, for the Appellant. Mr. Ashok Kotangale with Mr. Arun Nagarjun and Mr. Arun Kumar Bagul i/b. Ms. Anuradha Mane, for the Respondent. CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, & B.P.COLABAWALLA, JJ. RESERVED ON :  25th JANUARY, 2016. PRONOUNCED ON :    5th FEBRUARY, 2016. JUDGMENT (Per M. S. SanklechaJ.):­ This appeal under Section 260­A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) challenges the order dated 9th  May, 2006 of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal). This appeal relates to Assessment Year 2002­03. 2 This   appeal   was   admitted   on   22nd  August,   2008   on   the following substantial question of law:­ “ Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the finding of the Tribunal that the amount received by the Appellant was not in the nature of non­compete fees is perverse and/or contrary to the material on record and is given ignoring the documents in the Paper Book and overlooking the written submissions made by the Appellant?”. S.R.JOSHI 1 of 13 CNR No : HCBM020205352006 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 Briefly, the facts leading to the present appeal are as under:­ (a) On 31st March, 2002, the Appellant at the age of 81 years, retired from employment with  M/s. Grasim Limited (Grasim). This was after having worked for over 33 years with Grasim; (b) At the time of retirement, the Appellant received retirement benefits of  more  than  Rs.95 lakhs  from  Grasim. A monthly pension of Rs.3 lakhs per month for life, reimbursement of medical expenses for   life   etc.   Besides,   the     above,   in     addition,   the     Appellant received an  amount of  Rs.3,80,48,100/­   which   the   Appellant claimed was non­ compete   fees   and   in   support,   relied   upon   an Agreement dated 31st  March, 2002 entered into by the Appellant with Grasim; (c) The   amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was received by the Appellant prior to the execution of the Agreement dated 31st March, 2002 for non­compete fees in the following tranches:­ Sr. No. Date Amount (in Rupees) 1 30.10.2001 2,00,00,000/­ 2 20.02.2002 30,00,000/­ 3 27.03.2002 1,50,48,100/­ Total:­ 3,80,48,100/­ (d) In   its   return   of   income   for   the   subject   Assessment   Year,   the Appellant claimed that the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ received by him as non­compete fees from Grasim was not taxable; S.R.JOSHI 2 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 (e) The   Assessing   Officer   in   his   Assessment   Order   dated   30th January, 2004 passed under Section 143(3) of the Act noted the following further facts:­ (i) Grasim   had   deducted   Tax   at   Source   (TDS)   of Rs.1,16,42,719/­on   the   amount   of   Rs.3,80,48,100/­paid   to   the Appellant; (ii) Appellant continued as an Advisor with Grasim from 1st April, 2002  to 31st  December, 2002 on payment of Rs.3.53 lakhs per month. (f) On   merits,   the   Assessment   Order   records   that   amount   of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ claimed as non­compete fees was not a lumsum figure but an odd figure which was claimed to have been arrived after negotiations. In the result, the Appellant was called upon to give details of the components of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ claimed as non­ compete fees. The Appellant failed to furnish the details.   Thus taking into account all the facts, the Assessing Officer concluded that the payment of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ claimed as non­compete fees was not in fact so.  Further, he held that the agreement dated 31st March, 2002 is a subterfuge to colour an amount received in lieu of salary as a non­compete fees so as not to pay tax on the same.  In the circumstances, the payment of Rs,3,80,48,100/­  was held to be not   non­compete   fees   and   was   brought   to   tax   under   the   head 'salary' and in particular, under Section 17(3)(ii) of the Act; (g) Being aggrieved, the Appellant carried the issue in appeal to the Commissioner of Income tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)]. By order dated 31st March, 2005, the CIT(A) found that the amount aggregating to S.R.JOSHI 3 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was received in installment of Rs.2.00 Crore on 30th  October,   2001,   Rs.30   lakhs   on   20th  February,   2002   and Rs.1,50,48,100/­  on  27th March, 2002. All these amounts were received prior to date of Agreement dated 31st  March, 2002. It further records that the payment of Rs.2.00 Crore was made on 30th October, 2001 was in fact an advance against non­compete fees/ ex­ gratia, fees etc. Thus, he concluded that theagreement   dated   31st March, 2002 indicating non­compete fees is the document which has been entered into so as to only   hide the real nature of transaction.  All this with a view to not pay legitimate tax on it.  It was further  held that the Appellant had retired from Grasim at the age of 81, having got benefit of more than Rs.95 lakhs from his employer with monthly pension of Rs.3 lakhs for life, along with reimbursement of medical expenses. In these circumstances, the order of the CIT(A) held that it is highly unlikely  that   the   person having put in such a   long   service   with   Grasim and granted generous post­retirement benefit would do anything to compete with   the   business   of   his   former   employer.   In   the   aforesaid circumstance, the  CIT(A) by order dated 31st March, 2005 upheld the order dated 30th  January, 2004 of  the Assessing  Officer  and held   that   the   payment of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ claimed as   non­ compete fees is, in fact, classifiable  under  Section 17  of the  Act as profits in lieu of salary; and (h) Being aggrieved by the order dated 31st March, 2005 of the CIT(A), the Appellant carried the issue in appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal   by   the   impugned   order   took   in   to   consideration   the following facts:­ S.R.JOSHI 4 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 (i) payment as non­compete fees of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was made much before the date of retirement and also before the date of agreement  i.e. 31st March, 2002; (ii) the Appellant was 81 years old when he retired from the service.   Therefore,   was   not   in   a   position   to   compete   with Grasim; (iii) Rs.3,80,48,100/­ paid as non­compete fees was an odd figure and in spite of specific request, seeking a break­up of the same and / or   manner   in which  the  same was    determined,  the Appellant was not forthcoming; (iv) The Appellant was appointed as an advisor to Grasim w.e.f. 1st  April,   2002   for   a   period   of   nine   months   i.e.   up   to   31st December, 2002. Thus, he continued to work for Grasim not only after  the  receipt  of  non­compete fees,  date  of  his retirement and after  the agreement for non­compete fees; (v) Grasim did not consider the payment made to the Appellant as non­compete fees as it had deducted TDS on the payment of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ at Rs.1,16,42,719/­.   This was accepted by the Appellant as there was no protest on the part of the Appellant with Grasim on  the  deduction  of  TDS  in  respect  of  the  payment  of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ as non­compete fees; and (vi) The letter dated 29th  October, 2001 – wherein Grasim has been directed by the   Aditya Birla Group to make a payment of Rs.2.00 Crore subject to tax deduction as applicable as advance S.R.JOSHI 5 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 against non­compete   fees/   ex­gratia,   other   fees   etc.,   payable   to Appellant. Therefore, the payment made of Rs.2.00 Crore could not be held to be payment for non­compete fees; In the result, the appeal of the Appellant was dismissed by the impugned order dated 9th May, 2006 while upholding the order dated 31st March, 2005 of the CIT(A). 4 Being aggrieved by the impugned order dated 9th May, 2006 of the Tribunal, this appeal has been filed to this Court. Mr.   Murlidharan, learned Counsel appearing for the Appellant in support of the appeal submits as under:­ (a) The payment received as non­compete fees is not taxable in the subject Assessment Year as settled by the order of the Supreme Court in Guffic Chem P. Ltd. V/s. CIT 332 ITR 602; (b) The   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal   relies   upon   six circumstances as set out herein above to conclude that the amount of   Rs.3,80,48,100/­   received   by   the   Appellant   is   not   non­ compete fees.   All the six circumstances   either individually or collectively, would not result in the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ being classified anything as other then non­compete fees; (c) The amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ if held to be not claimable as non­ compete fees, then the authorities must hold under which head is the   same   classifiable.   This   not   being   done,   the   amount   of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ is classifiable as non­compete fees as claimed; and S.R.JOSHI 6 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 (d) The classification of the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ under the head 'profit in lieu of salary' under Section 17 of the Act must fail as the obligation under  the   Agreement   dated   31st  March,   2002   is   to return the same if there  is a breach of the Agreement on the part of the Appellant. 5 Per contra, Mr. Kotangale, learned Counsel appearing for the Revenue   in   support   the   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal   submits   as under:­ (a) All the three authorities have independently rendered a finding of fact that the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ received by the Appellant is not a non­compete fee. This finding of fact was on the basis of the evidence placed  before it. This finding of fact is not shown to be perverse and/or arbitrary. Accordingly, no interference is called for with the impugned order of the Tribunal; and (b) The authorities under the Act have come to a finding of fact that the so called agreement dated 31st March, 2002 is colourable document being a subterfuge, as in fact, no amount was in fact paid as non­ compete fees to the Appellant. 6 We have considered the rival submissions.  In principle, there is no dispute that the amount received as Rs.3,80,48,100/­ if held to be a non­compete fees in respect of Assessment Year 2002­03, then the same is not chargeable to tax.   This issue stands settled by the decision of the Apex Court in Guffic Chem P. Ltd. (supra). The  Revenue also does not dispute the aforesaid position in law. The only issue before us is whether the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ paid in terms of the agreement dated 31st March, 2002 can be said to be a payment made as  non­compete fees. S.R.JOSHI 7 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 It is a settled position in law that where the Authorities under the Act have determined a question of fact on the basis of inferences drawn from evidence and material on record, then unless such inferences drawn are either arbitrary and/or perverse and/or such that no person trained in law could arrive at, the Court would not interfere in an appeal under Section 260­A of the Act.  In other words, where the view of the authorities on facts based on inference is a possible view and sustainable then this Court will not interfere with the view of the authorities.   We shall now examine the submissions keeping in mind the above broad test. 8 In the present facts, the Assessing Officer in his order dated 30th January, 2004 had held that the agreement dated 31st March, 2002 is not believable  and the whole  amount shown as payment for non­ compete fees with Grasim is only a camouflage. This is particularly so in view of the failure of the Appellant to explain the manner in which the compensation arrived at an odd figure of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ even when it is the case of the Appellant that it was a negotiated fees. The Appellant at no stage thereafter either before the authorities under the Act or even before us at the hearing of the appeal made any attempt to explain the circumstances   in   which   the   non­compete   fees   was   negotiated   at   an odd figure of Rs.3,80,48,100/­. The submission of the Appellant that the figure   of   the   compensation   being   odd   or   round,   cannot   by     itself determine the character of the Appellant cannot be disputed. However, it is only one of the factors which the authorities have been relied upon to determine whether or not the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ is in fact a non­ compete   fee.   In   fact,   the   Appellant   had   claimed   that   an   amount   of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was arrived at after negotiations.  Thus, if it was so, the S.R.JOSHI 8 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 Appellant ought to have made available the break­up of the constituents of   the   odd   figure   of   Rs.3,80,48,100/­   as   non­compete   fees.   This   is particularly   so,   when   it   was   specifically   sought   for   by   the   Assessing Officer. Further, even before the Appellate Authorities, the same was not made   available.   This   is   one   of   the   features   which   suggests   that   the payment is not for non­compete fees as relied upon by all the authorities. 9 Similarly, the contention that the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was received by the Appellant before the date of retirement and also before the execution of the non­compete agreement dated 31st  March, 2002 by itself would not determine the character of the payment. The fact that the character of payment does not undergo a change, depending upon timing of its receipt, cannot be disputed. However, in the normal course of business before any person agrees to pay such a large amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ as non­compete fees, it would ensure that the nature of obligation a person would not undertake and if done, would fall within the meaning of competition. This would have to be first determined and the  terms  set  out  and  accepted by  the  parties  in  writing  before  any payment is made. Consequently, this also an indication of the fact that the payment which was made in advance was for some other purpose and not for as non­compete fees as claimed. However, as an afterthought, the same has been shown as non­compete fees to reduce the tax implication. 10 It was next contended by Mr. Murlidharan, learned Counsel appearing for the Appellant that the impugned order incorrectly places reliance upon the letter dated 29th October, 2001 to hold that the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ is not a non­compete fees. This on the basis that it referred to an advance of Rs.2.00 Crore to be given by Grasim to the S.R.JOSHI 9 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 Appellant   against   non­compete   fees,   ex­gratia   and   other   fees.   It   is submitted that on 29th October, 2001 i.e. when advance was directed to be paid, the payment of non­compete fees was under negotiation. In any case,   it   is   submitted   that   the   letter   dated   29th  October,   2001   is   not determinative of the character of payment. We find that the advance of Rs.2.00 Crore was an advance made not only against non­compete fees but also in respect of other fees namely – ex­gratia, other fees etc., The Appellant at no point of time, gave the break­up of Rs.2.00 Crore paid in advance on 30th  October, 2001 and the amount thereof attributable to non­compete fees. Nor has the Appellant led any evidence from Grasim to show what quantum out of Rs.2.00 Crore paid to the Appellant, is on account of non­compete fees. Thus, this factor is one more feature which leads to the view that it is improbable  the payment was for non­compete fees as claimed by the Appellant. 11 Mr.   Murlidharan,   learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the Appellant next submits that the impugned order has incorrectly relied upon the fact that Grasim had  deducted the TDS on the payment of non­ compete fees of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ made to the Appellant. The Appellant accepted the TDS without any protest.  This itself evidences the fact that the Appellant accepts the fact that payment is not for non­compete fees. However, the Appellant submits that there can be no estoppel against statute. Therefore,  even if Appellant itself agrees to the deduction of TDS by Grasim, yet it would not prevent the Appellant from urging that in law, the non­compete fees cannot be subjected to tax.  There can be no quarrel with the above submission of the Appellant.  However, when this fact of non­deduction of TDS and no protest by the Appellant is taken along with other facts, the view taken by the authorities that the payment is made S.R.JOSHI 10 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 not on account of non­compete fees, is a reasonable and possible view. This view cannot be considered to be perverse in any way.

Mr.   Murlidharan,   learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the Appellant next points out that the impugned order relies upon the fact that the Appellant was 81 years of age at the time of retirement and thereafter, incorrectly concludes that he is unlikely to compete with his employer.   Moreover,   the   impugned   order   records   the   fact   that   the Appellant was re­appointed on the very next date i.e. 1st April, 2002 as an adviser to the Grasim. On the above basis, the impugned order concludes that it is indicative of the fact that the Appellant continues to serve Grasim and, therefore, he could not have competed with Grasim. Thus, concluding that the payment of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ was not a payment for non­compete   fees.   It   is   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   Appellant   that competition to Grasim  from the Appellant is not by physical labour but by sharing his experiences and business tactics with Grasim's competitors. We understand. However, the fact is that in normal human conduct, where a person has worked with his employer for over 33 years and himself is over 80 years of age, has received a handsome retirement package, would not   compete   with   his   former   employer.   Thus,   this   conclusion   of   the Tribunal is a possible view and cannot be said to be perverse and/or arbitrary. 13 It was next submitted by the Appellant that the classification of the amount of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ as salary must fail/fall as under the Agreement dated 31st March, 2002, there is an obligation to return, if the Appellant commits a breach. This submission overlooks the fact that the Agreement   dated   31st  March,   2002   has   on   examination   of   the S.R.JOSHI 11 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 surrounding   circumstances   has   been   found   to   be   in   the   nature   of camouflage. Thus, being only a paper document, no right or obligations are created by the document. 14 Therefore, in the above facts, if one takes into account all factors listed out by the Tribunal in its impugned order, the view taken by the authorities in the impugned order of the Tribunal in confirming the orders of the lower authorities is a very possible and reasonable view in the facts of case. The Appellant has not been able to show that the finding of the Tribunal was in any manner perverse and/or arbitrary and/or contrary to the material available on record or arrived at over looking the submission made before them. In the circumstances, there is no warrant to interfere with the finding of the Tribunal. 15 It   was   submitted   by   Mr.   Murlidharan   that   when   the impugned order of the Tribunal has come to a finding that the amount  of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ is not a payment made for non­compete fees then it  had to determine the character of Rs.3,80,48,100/­ received by the Appellant. We need not dwell on this submission as it is not a question which had been framed at the admission of this appeal. Moreover in the present facts, the Assessing Officer in his order dated 30th January, 2004 has after negativing the Appellant's claim that Rs.3,80,48,100/­ is a non­compete fee held that the same is   classifiable as profit in lieu of salary under Section 17 of the Act.  This determination by the Assessing Officer was not a subject matter of challenge by the Appellant before any of the appellate authorities. Thus, it is not an issue which even arises from the impugned order of the Tribunal. S.R.JOSHI 12 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 In the circumstances, we see no reason to interfere with the impugned order of the Tribunal. Therefore, the question as framed is answered   in   negative   i.e.   in   favour   of   the   Revenue   and   against   the Appellant. 17 Appeal disposed of in the above terms. With no order as to costs. (B.P.COLABAWALLA,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) S.R.JOSHI 13 of 13 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:58:24 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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