JAYA CHHEDA, LEGAL HEIR OF LATE HITESH S. BHAGAT vs. THE ADDL.COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX RANG-18(1)
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the approach of the ITAT in dealing with the cases for both assessment years was erroneous and that the ITAT failed to perform its duty. For AY 2007-08, the ITAT's finding was considered perverse because it selectively considered only 42 out of 86 transactions where the holding period was up to 7 days, without examining the details of the remaining 44 transactions, some of which had holding periods up to 244 days. The ITAT failed to apply its mind to the entire material before it. For AY 2008-09, the ITAT erred by not going into the details of all transactions after accepting that the CIT(A)'s formula of a 30-day holding period was not a fixed criterion. The ITAT should have considered the appeal on merits. The High Court quashed and set aside the ITAT's order and restored the appeals to the file of the ITAT for deciding them afresh in light of the judgment. The ratio is that appellate authorities must perform their fact-finding duty diligently and consider all material evidence before them, rather than relying on selective data or flawed formulas without proper examination.
What were the facts?
The assessee, Jaya Chheda (legal heir of Late Hitesh S. Bhagat), filed appeals against the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal's (ITAT) common judgment and order dated May 15, 2013, for Assessment Years (AY) 2007-08 and 2008-09. For AY 2007-08, the assessee claimed Short Term Capital Gains (STCG) of Rs. 3,44,93,842. The Assessing Officer (AO) treated this as business income. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] allowed the STCG claim. For AY 2008-09, the assessee showed STCG of Rs. 1,34,62,760. The AO treated Rs. 25,88,046 as business income due to short holding periods (within 30 days) and the balance Rs. 1,08,74,670 also as business income. The CIT(A) partly allowed the appeal, directing assessment of Rs. 1,08,74,670 as STCG. The ITAT, in its impugned order, allowed the Revenue's appeal for AY 2007-08, treating STCG as business income, and dismissed the assessee's appeal for AY 2008-09.
What were the issues?
1. Whether the ITAT's finding that the entire STCG of Rs. 3,44,93,842 for AY 2007-08 should be treated as business income is perverse, considering the assessee's submission that the ITAT failed to apply its mind to the entire material, particularly noting that out of 86 transactions, only 42 had a holding period up to 7 days, while others had longer holding periods (up to 244 days). 2. Whether the ITAT's dismissal of the assessee's appeal for AY 2008-09, despite the CIT(A) having accepted STCG for transactions held over 30 days, is erroneous, especially when the ITAT itself noted that a 30-day holding period is not a fixed criterion and that the nature of the transaction needs consideration of various factors, yet failed to examine the details of all transactions. Assessee's Arguments: - The ITAT's decision for AY 2007-08 is perverse as it focused only on a subset of transactions (42 out of 86 with holding up to 7 days) and ignored the longer holding periods for the remaining 44 transactions, despite all data being available. - For AY 2008-09, the ITAT erred by not examining the details of all transactions after acknowledging that the CIT(A)'s 30-day holding period formula was not a definitive criterion. Consistency should have been maintained as the CIT(A) had accepted STCG for longer-held shares. - Relied on *CIT v. Gopal Purohit*, *Radhasoami Satsang v. CIT*, and *CIT v. S.P. Jain*. Revenue's Arguments: - Supported the ITAT's impugned judgment and order. The ITAT's reference to 42 out of 85 sale transactions in AY 2007-08 having a holding period up to 7 days was noted.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL JUDGMENT (PER A.S. OKA, J.)
In the order dated 1st November, 2017 this Court has indicated that the Appeals will have to be finally heard on the question whether the impugned judgment of the Appellate Tribunal suffers from perversity. Accordingly, the Appeals are today taken up for final hearing. As the challenge in both the Appeals is to the common judgment and order dated 15th May, 2013 by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (in short CNR No : HCBM020129852014 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
2 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc 'Appellate Tribunal') for the Assessment Years 200708 and 200809, the Appeals have been disposed of by a common judgment.
Appeal no.326 of 2015 relates to Assessment Year 200708 and the Appeal no.325 of 2015 relates to Assessment Year 200809. 3. With a view to appreciate the submissions canvassed across the bar, it is necessary to make a reference to the factual aspects of the case. We may note here that both the Appeals are filed by legal representatives of the original assessee who is no more.
As far as Assessment Year 200708 is concerned, the assessee claimed Short Term Capital Gains (in short 'STCG') of Rs.3,44,93,842/. The order of the Assessing Officer records that during the course of assessment proceedings, the assessee was asked to furnish details of the claim of STCG along with the supporting documents. Accordingly, the documents were furnished by the assessee. The Assessing Officer in his assessment order has set out the details of the transactions in shares throughout the year. He came to the conclusion that the assessee had made delivery based transactions in over 41 different scrips not once but generally a number of times. He came to the conclusion that the entire amount Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
3 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc of Rs.3,44,93,842/ claimed as STGC should be treated as business income. Being aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (for short 'CIT(A)'). The said appeal was allowed by judgment and order dated 24th June, 2010 and the Assessing Officer was directed to assess the entire amount of Rs.3,44,93,842/ STCG.
As far as the Assessment Year 200809 is concerned, the assessee showed STGC of Rs.1,34,62,760/ on purchase and sale of shares. The Assessing Officer in the assessment order came to the conclusion that an amount of Rs.25,88,046/ represents the profit on purchase and sale of shares within a span of 30 days. Therefore, he held that the said income will have to be treated as business income of the assessee. However, as the claim of the assessee as regards STGC in the Assessment Year 200708 was not accepted, even the balance amount of Rs.1,08,74,670/ was ordered to be treated as business income. In the final assessment order, in paragraph 4.2, the Assessing Officer directed that as discussed in detail in the order for the Assessment Year 200708, the gain of Rs.1,08,74,670/ shall be treated as profit on share trading and added to the business income. The CIT(A) by judgment and order dated 3rd June, 2011 partly allowed the appeal and issued a specific direction to assess the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
4 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc income of Rs.1,08,74,670/ as STGC.
There were two appears preferred before the Appellate Tribunal. The Revenue preferred an appeal in relation to Assessment Year 200708 and the assessee preferred an appeal in relation to Assessment Year 200809. By the impugned judgment and order, the Appellate Tribunal allowed the appeal of the Revenue in relation to the Assessment Year 200708 and directed that the entire amount claimed by way of STGC should be treated as business income. As far as the appeal by the assessee for the year 200809 is concerned, the same was dismissed.
The learned counsel appearing for the appellant invited our attention to the decision of Division Bench of this Court in the case of The Commissioner of Income Tax25 v/s. Gopal Purohit in Income Tax1, He invited our attention to what is held by the Division Bench. It is open to an assessee to maintain two separate portfolios, one relating to investment in shares and the another relating to business activities involving dealing in shares. He pointed out that the Division Bench accepted the position that the principle of res judicata is not attracted but the Division Bench confirmed the view taken by the Appellate Tribunal that there should have been 1 Appeal no.1121 of 2009 dated 6th January, 2010. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
5 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc uniformity in treatment and consistency when the facts and the circumstances are identical, particularly in the case of the same assessee. He also invited our attention to the Circular dated 29th February, 2016. He relied upon other decisions of the Apex Court including the decision in the case of Radhasoami Satsang v/s. Commissioner of Income Tax2 and in particular what is held in paragraph 13. He submitted that the Appellate Tribunal as far as Assessment Year 200708 is concerned has considered only one factual aspect namely that out of 86 transactions, the holding period in respect of 42 transactions was only upto 7 days. He submitted that in the case of remaining transactions, the holding period is much larger extending to 244 days. He urged that entire material as regards the sale and purchase of shares was placed before the Assessing Officer for both the years. However, there is no application of mind to the said material by the Appellate Tribunal. He pointed out that for the Assessment Year 200809, the Assessing Officer and CIT(A) accepted the claim of the assessee of STGC in respect of transactions of shares which were held for more than 30 days and only in the case of those transactions where holding period was less than 30 days that the gains were treated as business income. He submitted that though the principles of res judicata may not strictly apply, the Appellate Tribunal ought to have shown 2 (1992) 60 Taxman 248 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
6 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc consistency inasmuch as the Appellate Tribunal has confirmed the order of the CIT(A) in relation to Assessment Year 200809. 8. While coming to the appeal for the Assessment Year 200809, he pointed out that though the Appellate Tribunal in paragraph 8.1 of the impugned judgment bifurcated the portfolios by treating 30 days holding as a determinative factor. Ultimately, the Tribunal proceeded to confirm the finding of the CIT(A). Relying upon the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax v/s. S. P. Jain3, he submitted that the fact finding exercise ought to have done by the Appellate authorities.
The learned counsel appearing for the respondent supported the impugned judgment and order. His submission is that in paragraph 5.1, the Appellate Tribunal has referred to the fact that in 42 sale transactions out of 85 in respect of Assessment Year 200708, the holding period was upto 7 days. He submitted that the inference drawn by the Assessing Officer as regards the Assessment Year 2007 08 cannot be faulted with. As regards the Assessment Year 200809, he urged that the assessee had failed to submit the details of the sale and purchase transactions of the shares, and therefore, the factual aspects pleaded by the appellant could not have been gone into. He 3 (1973) 87 ITR 370 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
7 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc would, therefore, submit that no interference is called for.
We have given careful consideration to the submissions. Firstly, we may make a reference to the decision of the Division Bench in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax25 v/s. Gopal Purohit. In paragraph 2 of the said decision, the Division Bench has held thus: “The Tribunal has entered a pure finding of fact that the assessee was engaged in two different types of transactions. The first set of transactions involved investment in shares. The second set of transactions involved dealing in shares for the purposes of business (described in paragraph 8.3 of the judgment of the Tribunal as transactions purely of jobbing without delivery). The Tribunal has correctly applied the principle of law in accepting the position that it is open to an assessee to maintain two separate portfolios, one relating to investment in shares and another relating to business activities involving dealing in shares. The Tribunal held that the delivery based transactions in the present case, should be treated as those in the nature of investment transactions and the profit received therefrom should be treated either as short term or, as the case may be, long term capital gain, depending upon the period of the holding. A finding of fact has been arrived at by the Tribunal as regards the existence of two distinct types of transactions namely, those by way of investment on one hand and those for the purposes of business on the other hand. Question (a) above, does not raise any substantial question of law.” (emphasis supplied) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
8 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc
Therefore, an assessee who is dealing with the shares and stocks can validly maintain two separate portfolios one relating to investment in shares and the another relating to business activities involving the shares. Thus, what follows is that the Assessing Officer will have to go into the transactions of sale and purchase and will have to determine which are relating to the investment in shares and which are relating business activities involving dealing in shares. The other aspect dealt with by the Division Bench is regarding principles of res judicata. The Division Bench accepted that the principles of res judicata are not attracted. However, the Division Bench held that there should have been uniformity in the treatment and consistency, when the facts and circumstances are identical particularly in the case of the same assessee.
In the case of Radhasoami Satsang, in paragraph 13, the Apex Court held thus: “We are aware of the fact that strictly speaking res judicata does not apply to incometax proceedings. Again, each assessment year being a unit, what is decided in one year may not apply in the following year but where a fundamental aspect permeating through the different assessment years has been found as a fact one way or the other and parties have allowed that position to be sustained by not challenging the order, it would not be at all appropriate to allow the position Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
9 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc to be changed in a subsequent year.”
In this context, we must note the finding recorded in paragraph 8 of the impugned judgment of the Appellate Tribunal. The Appellate Tribunal did not find merit in the appeal of the assessee in relation to the Assessment Year 200809 only on the basis of findings recorded for the Assessment Year 200708. 14. Now, coming to the year 200708, we have already pointed out the factual aspects, that the assessee claimed STGC of Rs.3,44,93,842/. However, the Assessing Officer treated the entire amount as business income. In appeal, the CIT(A) interfered by recording reasons in clauses (a) to (j). Firstly, the CIT(A) observed that the claim of the assessee of STGC in Assessment Year 200607 has been accepted. The other aspect with which the CIT(A) was impressed was that the business activities in shares have been carried out only on 93 days out of the entire year and average period of holding is 69 days. That is how the CIT(A) directed the entire amount claimed by the STGC should be treated as such by the Assessing Officer. However, we find that there is no application of mind as regards STGC transactions during the relevant year and a straight jacket formula appears to have been adopted by CIT(A). Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
10 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc
As far as the Appellate Tribunal is concerned, in paragraph 5.1, it was held thus: “There are 85 transactions of sale carried by the assessee during the year. The holding period of the transactions varies from one day to 244 days. Out of 86 transactions, the holding period in respect of 42 transactions is upto 7 days. Thus, it is clear that about 50% of the total transactions of sale of share during the year, the holding period is only upto 7 days. Further, as pointed out by the Assessing Officer that the assessee has carried out repetitive transactions of purchase and sale in the same scrips e.g. the shares of Aurobindo Pharma were purchased on 21.4.2006 and then sold on 27.4.2006 and thereafter again purchased on 22.5.2006 and resold on 24.5.2006. Thus, the repetitive transaction in the same scrip shows the assessee's intention of purchase of the shares for resale purposes and book profits at the earliest occasion. The holding period is upto one week as far as 42 transactions out of 86 transactions clearly show that the assessee is earning profit by taking advantage of the volatile market condition and thus it cannot be said that the transactions carried on 42 occasion were with the intention to hold these shares for enjoying of the ownership and yielding of dividend income. Further, the assessee is also engaged in the speculative transactions and offered the income of Rs.4,70,553/ as business income on account of speculative transaction out of the total business income offered by the assessee is not in the business of trading of shares is contradictory to the facts. Further, the CIT(A) has also observed that the assessee has not employed any person for the purchase and sale of shares which Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
11 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc is also apparently not correct because before the Assessing Officer one Shri Jayesh Sangoi, Accountant of the assessee company appeared from time to time and participated in the assessment proceedings.”
The Appellate Tribunal has thus referred to the fact that in case of 42 out of 86 transactions during the year, holding of shares was only upto 7 days. Thus, by referring to only 42 transactions out of 86, in respect of rest of the 44 transactions, without any examination of details and factual aspects, the Appellate Tribunal rejected the claim that it was STGC. There was no reason to treat other 44 transactions on par with 42 transactions in respect of which holding was only for 7 days. The Appellate Tribunal has noted that in the other transactions, the holding was upto 244 days. The entire data of each transaction was before the Appellate Tribunal as is clear from the chart incorporated in paragraph 5. Nothing prevented the Appellate Tribunal from looking into all the transactions and recording findings of fact. But the Appellate Tribunal has not done its duty and therefore, the finding recorded by the Appellate Tribunal in relation to the Assessment Year 200708 will have to be held as perverse.
Now, coming to the assessee's appeal in relation to the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
12 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc Assessment Year 200809, substantial part of claim of STGC was accepted by the CIT(A). Paragraph 2.3 of the decision of CIT(A) shows that he had adopted a straight jacket formula by holding that the income from the share transactions where the period of holding was 30 days will have to be treated as business income and in respect of rest of the transactions, it will have to be accepted as STGC. In paragraph 8.1 of the impugned judgment and order, the Appellate Tribunal in so many words held that 30 days holding period could not have been taken as a fixed criteria for determining the nature of transaction. It was observed that the nature of transaction has to be determined after taking into consideration various factors. The Appellate Tribunal held that the holding period is one of the several factors which is required to be taken into consideration. It concurred with the view taken by the CIT(A) in paragraph 8. 1. Thus even after finding that the formula adopted by the CIT(A) based on holding period of 30 days was erroneous, the Appellate Tribunal has not gone into the details of all the transactions. There are two reasons given by the Appellate Tribunal. First reason is that the claim in the sum of Rs.1,08,74,670/ has been accepted by both the Assessing Officer and CIT(A). The second reason given is that in view of the reasons given for the Assessment Year 200708, there was no merit in the appeal of the Assessment Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
13 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc Year 200809. In our view, after accepting that the formula of 30 days adopted by the CIT(A) was erroneous, the Appellate Tribunal ought to have considered the appeal on merits. The learned counsel appearing for the respondent Revenue tried to contend that the details of the sale and purchase transactions for the Assessment Year 200809 were not furnished to the Assessing Officer. The said submission appears to be factually incorrect as can be seen from the order of the Assessing Officer. Paragraph 4.1 of his order clearly shows that all the details were furnished as regards the transactions of share during the relevant year.
Therefore, to reiterate, we find that the entire approach of the Appellate Tribunal while dealing with the cases for both the years is completely erroneous. The Appellate Tribunal has failed to perform its duty and therefore, the impugned judgment and order of the Appellate Tribunal cannot be sustained at all. The case will have to have remanded to the Appellate Tribunal for deciding a fresh in accordance with law.
Accordingly, we pass the following order: (i) The impugned order dated 15th May, 2013 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal at Mumbai Bench is hereby quashed and set Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05
14 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc aside; (ii) Income Tax Appeal nos.6586/Mum/2010 and 5711/Mum/2011 are restored to the file of the Appellate Tribunal; (iii) The Appellate Tribunal shall decide the appeals a fresh in the light of what is held in this judgment and order. (iv) Considering the fact that both the appeals are of the year 2010 11, we are sure that necessary priority will be given by the Appellate Tribunal to the disposal of these two appeals. (v) The appeals are partly allowed on above terms with no orders as to costs. (A.K.MENON, J.) (A.S.OKA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
More judgments on Section 68
- ACIT Central Bilaspur, Bilaspur vs Arun Kumar Agrawal, SaktiITSSA 26/RPR/2025[2018-19]Status: Disposed21 Oct 2026AY 2018-19
- Neo Incorporation, Rajkot vs DCIT Circle- 1(2), RajkotITA 471/RJT/2026[2012-2013]Status: Disposed21 Oct 2026AY 2012-2013
- Bliss Dealtrade Private Limited, Kolkata vs Income Tax Officer - Ward 9(2) Kolkata…ITA 208/KOL/2026[2012-13]Status: Disposed21 Oct 2026AY 2012-13
- Hemal Paresh Madeka, Rajkot vs Asst.Commissioner of Income Tax…ITA 955/RJT/2026[2020-21]Status: Disposed19 Oct 2026AY 2020-21
- Ajaybhai Dineshbhai Bagdai, Near Central… vs The Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(2)(1), New…ITA 74/RJT/2026[2013-14]Status: Disposed19 Oct 2026AY 2013-14
Recent GST High Court judgments
Search GST case law →- M/S Sita Enterprises vs. Office Of The CommissionerUttarakhand · 26 Oct 2026
- Capri Global Capital LTD Through Represented By Its Law Officer Mr. Varun Kaljoria vs. The State Of Madhya Pradesh Through Principal SecretaryMadhya Pradesh · 26 Oct 2026
- Sri Tatiparthy Venkata Swamy vs. The State Of Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh · 25 Oct 2026
- Piyush Shantilal Veera vs. State Of U.P.Allahabad · 23 Oct 2026
- Tvl. Pooja Shri Traders vs. The Deputy State Tax Officer - 1Madras · 23 Oct 2026