JAYA CHHEDA, LEGAL HEIR OF LATE HITESH S. BHAGAT vs. THE ADDL.COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX RANG-18(1)

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ITXA/326/2015HC Bombay08 November 2017Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.S. OKA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A. K. MENON14 pages
AI SummaryRemanded

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the approach of the ITAT in dealing with the cases for both assessment years was erroneous and that the ITAT failed to perform its duty. For AY 2007-08, the ITAT's finding was considered perverse because it selectively considered only 42 out of 86 transactions where the holding period was up to 7 days, without examining the details of the remaining 44 transactions, some of which had holding periods up to 244 days. The ITAT failed to apply its mind to the entire material before it. For AY 2008-09, the ITAT erred by not going into the details of all transactions after accepting that the CIT(A)'s formula of a 30-day holding period was not a fixed criterion. The ITAT should have considered the appeal on merits. The High Court quashed and set aside the ITAT's order and restored the appeals to the file of the ITAT for deciding them afresh in light of the judgment. The ratio is that appellate authorities must perform their fact-finding duty diligently and consider all material evidence before them, rather than relying on selective data or flawed formulas without proper examination.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Jaya Chheda (legal heir of Late Hitesh S. Bhagat), filed appeals against the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal's (ITAT) common judgment and order dated May 15, 2013, for Assessment Years (AY) 2007-08 and 2008-09. For AY 2007-08, the assessee claimed Short Term Capital Gains (STCG) of Rs. 3,44,93,842. The Assessing Officer (AO) treated this as business income. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] allowed the STCG claim. For AY 2008-09, the assessee showed STCG of Rs. 1,34,62,760. The AO treated Rs. 25,88,046 as business income due to short holding periods (within 30 days) and the balance Rs. 1,08,74,670 also as business income. The CIT(A) partly allowed the appeal, directing assessment of Rs. 1,08,74,670 as STCG. The ITAT, in its impugned order, allowed the Revenue's appeal for AY 2007-08, treating STCG as business income, and dismissed the assessee's appeal for AY 2008-09.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the ITAT's finding that the entire STCG of Rs. 3,44,93,842 for AY 2007-08 should be treated as business income is perverse, considering the assessee's submission that the ITAT failed to apply its mind to the entire material, particularly noting that out of 86 transactions, only 42 had a holding period up to 7 days, while others had longer holding periods (up to 244 days). 2. Whether the ITAT's dismissal of the assessee's appeal for AY 2008-09, despite the CIT(A) having accepted STCG for transactions held over 30 days, is erroneous, especially when the ITAT itself noted that a 30-day holding period is not a fixed criterion and that the nature of the transaction needs consideration of various factors, yet failed to examine the details of all transactions. Assessee's Arguments: - The ITAT's decision for AY 2007-08 is perverse as it focused only on a subset of transactions (42 out of 86 with holding up to 7 days) and ignored the longer holding periods for the remaining 44 transactions, despite all data being available. - For AY 2008-09, the ITAT erred by not examining the details of all transactions after acknowledging that the CIT(A)'s 30-day holding period formula was not a definitive criterion. Consistency should have been maintained as the CIT(A) had accepted STCG for longer-held shares. - Relied on *CIT v. Gopal Purohit*, *Radhasoami Satsang v. CIT*, and *CIT v. S.P. Jain*. Revenue's Arguments: - Supported the ITAT's impugned judgment and order. The ITAT's reference to 42 out of 85 sale transactions in AY 2007-08 having a holding period up to 7 days was noted.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 68

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc sbw   IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY                   ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.325  OF 2015  Jaya Chheda, legal heir of Late Hitesh S. Bhagat .. Appellant Vs. The Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax Circle­18(1) .. Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.326  OF 2015 Jaya Chheda, legal heir of Late Hitesh S. Bhagat .. Appellant Vs. The Additional Commissioner of Income Tax Range­18(1) .. Respondent Mr. Nishiti Gandhi i/b. Vipul Joshi for the appellant.  Mr. Arvind Pinto  for the respondent.  CORAM  :  A.S. OKA &  A.K. MENON, JJ. DATED   :   8TH NOVEMBER, 2017

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER A.S. OKA, J.)

1.

In the order dated 1st November, 2017 this Court has indicated that the Appeals will have to be finally heard on the question whether the impugned judgment of the Appellate Tribunal suffers from perversity. Accordingly, the Appeals are today taken up for final hearing. As the challenge in both the Appeals is to the common judgment and order dated 15th May, 2013 by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (in short CNR No : HCBM020129852014 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

2 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc 'Appellate Tribunal') for the Assessment Years 2007­08 and 2008­09, the Appeals have been disposed of by a common judgment.

2.

Appeal no.326 of 2015 relates to Assessment Year 2007­08 and the Appeal no.325 of 2015 relates to Assessment Year 2008­09. 3. With a view to appreciate the submissions canvassed across the bar, it is necessary to make a reference to the factual aspects of the case. We   may   note   here   that   both   the   Appeals   are   filed   by   legal representatives of the original assessee who is no more.

4.

As   far   as   Assessment   Year   2007­08   is   concerned,   the   assessee claimed   Short   Term   Capital   Gains   (in   short   'STCG')   of Rs.3,44,93,842/­.   The order of the Assessing Officer records that during the course of assessment proceedings, the assessee was asked to furnish details of the claim of STCG along with the supporting documents.   Accordingly,   the   documents   were   furnished   by   the assessee.  The Assessing Officer in his assessment order has set out the details of the transactions in shares throughout the year.   He came to the conclusion that the assessee had made delivery based transactions in over 41 different scrips not once but generally a number of times.  He came to the conclusion that the entire amount Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

3 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc of Rs.3,44,93,842/­ claimed as STGC should be treated as business income.   Being aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (for short 'CIT(A)').  The said appeal was allowed by judgment and order dated 24th  June, 2010 and the Assessing Officer was directed to assess the entire amount of Rs.3,44,93,842/­ STCG.

5.

As far as the Assessment Year 2008­09 is concerned, the assessee showed STGC of Rs.1,34,62,760/­ on purchase and sale of shares. The Assessing Officer in the assessment order came to the conclusion that an amount of Rs.25,88,046/­ represents the profit on purchase and sale of shares within a span  of 30 days.  Therefore, he held that the said income will have to be treated as business income of the assessee. However, as the claim of the assessee as regards STGC in the Assessment Year 2007­08 was not accepted, even the balance amount of Rs.1,08,74,670/­  was ordered to be treated as business income.     In   the   final   assessment   order,   in   paragraph   4.2,   the Assessing Officer directed that as discussed in detail in the order for the Assessment Year 2007­08, the gain of Rs.1,08,74,670/­ shall be treated as profit on share trading and added to the business income. The CIT(A) by judgment and  order dated  3rd  June, 2011 partly allowed the  appeal and issued  a  specific  direction to  assess the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

4 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc income of Rs.1,08,74,670/­ as STGC.

6.

There were two appears preferred before the Appellate Tribunal. The Revenue preferred an appeal in relation to Assessment Year 2007­08 and the assessee preferred an appeal in relation to Assessment Year 2008­09. By   the   impugned   judgment   and   order,   the   Appellate Tribunal   allowed   the   appeal   of   the   Revenue   in   relation   to   the Assessment   Year   2007­08   and   directed   that   the   entire   amount claimed by way of STGC should be treated as business income.  As far as the appeal by the assessee for the year 2008­09 is concerned, the same was dismissed.

7.

The   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the   appellant   invited   our attention to the decision of Division Bench of this Court in the case of  The  Commissioner of Income Tax­25 v/s. Gopal Purohit in Income Tax1,     He invited our attention to what is held by the Division Bench.  It is open to an assessee to maintain two separate portfolios,  one relating  to investment  in shares and the another relating to business activities involving dealing in shares.  He pointed out that the Division Bench accepted the position that the principle of res judicata is not attracted but the Division Bench confirmed the view taken by the Appellate Tribunal that there should have been 1       Appeal no.1121 of 2009 dated 6th January, 2010. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

5 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc uniformity in treatment and consistency when the facts and the circumstances are identical, particularly in the case  of the same assessee.   He also invited our attention to the Circular dated 29th February, 2016. He relied upon other decisions of the Apex Court including the decision in the case of  Radhasoami Satsang   v/s. Commissioner of  Income Tax2    and in particular what is held in paragraph 13. He submitted that the Appellate Tribunal as far as Assessment Year 2007­08 is concerned   has considered only one factual aspect namely that out of 86 transactions, the holding period in respect of 42 transactions was only upto 7 days.  He submitted that in the case of remaining transactions, the holding period is much larger extending to 244 days.  He urged that entire material as regards   the   sale   and   purchase   of   shares   was   placed   before   the Assessing   Officer   for   both   the   years.     However,   there   is   no application of mind to the said material by the Appellate Tribunal. He pointed out that for the Assessment Year 2008­09, the Assessing Officer and CIT(A) accepted the claim of the assessee of STGC in respect of transactions of shares which were held for more than 30 days and only in the  case of those transactions where holding period was   less   than   30   days   that   the   gains   were   treated   as   business income.  He submitted that though the principles of res judicata may not   strictly   apply,   the   Appellate   Tribunal   ought   to   have   shown 2           (1992) 60 Taxman 248 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

6 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc consistency inasmuch as the Appellate Tribunal has confirmed the order of the CIT(A) in relation to Assessment Year 2008­09. 8. While coming to the appeal for the Assessment Year 2008­09, he pointed out that though the Appellate Tribunal in paragraph 8.1 of the impugned judgment  bifurcated  the portfolios   by   treating 30 days   holding   as   a   determinative   factor.   Ultimately,   the   Tribunal proceeded to confirm the finding of the CIT(A).  Relying upon the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax v/s. S. P. Jain3, he submitted that the fact finding exercise ought to have done by the Appellate authorities.

9.

The learned counsel appearing for the respondent supported the impugned judgment and order.  His submission is that in paragraph 5.1, the Appellate Tribunal has referred to the fact that in 42 sale transactions out of 85 in respect of Assessment Year 2007­08, the holding period was upto 7 days.   He submitted that the inference drawn by the Assessing Officer as regards the Assessment Year 2007­ 08 cannot be faulted with.  As regards the Assessment Year 2008­09, he urged that the assessee had failed to submit the details of the sale and purchase transactions of the shares, and therefore, the factual aspects pleaded by the appellant could not have been gone into.  He 3 (1973) 87 ITR 370 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

7 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc would, therefore, submit that no interference is called for.

10.

We have given careful consideration to the submissions.  Firstly, we may make a reference to the decision of the Division Bench in the case of Commissioner of  Income  Tax­25 v/s. Gopal  Purohit.   In paragraph 2 of the said decision, the Division Bench has held thus:­ “The  Tribunal has  entered  a pure finding  of  fact  that   the assessee was engaged in two different types of transactions. The first set of transactions involved investment in shares.  The second set of transactions involved dealing in shares for the purposes   of   business   (described   in   paragraph   8.3   of   the judgment   of   the   Tribunal   as   transactions   purely   of   jobbing without   delivery).    The   Tribunal   has   correctly   applied   the principle of law in accepting the position that it is open to an assessee to maintain two separate portfolios, one relating to investment in shares and another relating to business activities involving dealing in shares.  The Tribunal held that the delivery based transactions in the present case, should be treated as those in the nature of investment transactions and the profit received therefrom should be treated either as short term or, as the case may be, long term capital gain, depending upon the period of the holding.  A finding of fact has been arrived at by the Tribunal as regards   the   existence   of   two   distinct   types   of   transactions namely, those by way of investment on one hand and those for the purposes of business on the other hand.  Question (a) above, does not raise any substantial question of law.” (emphasis supplied) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

8 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc

11.

Therefore,   an assessee who is dealing with the shares and stocks can validly maintain two separate portfolios one relating to investment in shares and the another relating to business activities involving the shares. Thus, what follows is that the Assessing Officer will have to go into the transactions of sale and purchase and will have to determine which are relating to the investment in shares and which are relating business activities involving dealing in shares. The   other   aspect  dealt   with   by   the   Division   Bench   is   regarding principles of res judicata.   The Division Bench accepted that the principles of res judicata are not attracted.   However, the Division Bench held that there should have been uniformity in the treatment and consistency, when   the facts and circumstances are identical particularly in the case of the same assessee.

12.

In the case of Radhasoami Satsang, in paragraph 13, the Apex Court held thus:­ “We are aware of the fact that strictly speaking res judicata does   not   apply   to   income­tax   proceedings.   Again,   each assessment year being a unit, what is decided in one year may not apply in the following year but where a fundamental aspect permeating through the different assessment years has been found as a fact one way or the other and parties have allowed that position to be sustained by not challenging the order, it would not be at all appropriate to allow the position Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

9 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc to be changed in a subsequent year.”

13.

In this context, we must note the finding recorded in paragraph 8 of the impugned judgment of the Appellate Tribunal. The Appellate Tribunal did not find merit in the appeal of the assessee in relation to   the   Assessment   Year   2008­09   only   on   the   basis   of   findings recorded for the Assessment Year 2007­08. 14. Now, coming to the year 2007­08, we have already pointed out the   factual   aspects,   that   the   assessee   claimed   STGC   of Rs.3,44,93,842/­. However, the Assessing Officer treated the entire amount as business income.   In appeal, the CIT(A) interfered by recording reasons in clauses (a) to (j).  Firstly, the CIT(A) observed that the claim of the assessee of STGC in Assessment Year 2006­07 has been accepted.   The other aspect with which the CIT(A) was impressed   was   that   the   business   activities   in   shares   have   been carried out only on 93 days out of the entire year and average period of holding is 69 days.  That is how the CIT(A) directed  the entire amount claimed by the STGC should be treated as such by the Assessing Officer.  However, we find that there is no application of mind as regards STGC transactions during the relevant year and a straight jacket formula appears to have been adopted by CIT(A). Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

10 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc

15.

As far as the Appellate Tribunal is concerned, in paragraph 5.1, it was held thus:­ “There are 85 transactions of sale carried by the assessee during the year.  The holding period of the transactions varies from one day to 244 days.  Out of 86 transactions, the holding period in respect of 42 transactions is upto 7 days.  Thus, it is clear that about 50% of the total transactions of sale of share during the year, the holding period is only upto 7 days.  Further, as pointed out by the Assessing Officer that the assessee has carried out repetitive transactions of purchase and sale in the same scrips e.g.   the   shares   of   Aurobindo   Pharma   were   purchased   on 21.4.2006 and then sold on 27.4.2006 and thereafter again purchased on 22.5.2006 and resold on 24.5.2006. Thus, the repetitive   transaction   in   the  same  scrip   shows  the  assessee's intention of purchase of the shares for resale purposes and book profits at the earliest occasion.  The holding period is upto one week as far as 42 transactions out of 86 transactions clearly show that the assessee is earning profit by taking advantage of the volatile market condition and thus it cannot be said that the transactions carried on 42 occasion were with the intention to hold these shares for enjoying of the ownership and yielding of dividend income.   Further, the assessee is also engaged in the speculative transactions and offered the income of Rs.4,70,553/­ as business income on account of speculative transaction out of the total business income offered by the assessee is not in the business   of   trading   of   shares   is   contradictory   to   the   facts. Further, the CIT(A) has also observed that the assessee has not employed any person for the purchase  and sale of shares which Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

11 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc is   also   apparently   not   correct   because   before   the   Assessing Officer   one   Shri   Jayesh   Sangoi,   Accountant   of   the   assessee company appeared from time to time and participated in the assessment proceedings.”

16.

The Appellate Tribunal has thus referred to the fact that in case of 42 out of 86 transactions during the year, holding of shares was only upto 7 days.  Thus, by referring to only 42 transactions out of 86, in respect of rest of the 44 transactions, without any examination of details and factual aspects, the Appellate Tribunal rejected the claim that it was STGC.   There was no reason to treat other 44 transactions on par with 42 transactions in respect of which holding was only for 7 days. The Appellate Tribunal has noted that in the other transactions, the holding was upto 244 days.  The entire data of each transaction was before the Appellate Tribunal as is clear from the   chart   incorporated   in   paragraph   5. Nothing   prevented   the Appellate   Tribunal   from   looking   into   all   the   transactions   and recording findings of fact. But the Appellate Tribunal has not done its   duty   and   therefore,   the   finding   recorded   by   the   Appellate Tribunal in relation to the Assessment Year 2007­08 will have to be held as perverse.

17.

Now,   coming   to   the   assessee's   appeal   in   relation   to   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

12 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc Assessment Year 2008­09, substantial part of claim of STGC was accepted by the CIT(A).   Paragraph 2.3 of the decision of CIT(A) shows that he had adopted a straight jacket formula by holding that the income from the share transactions where the period of holding was 30 days will have to be treated as   business income   and in respect of rest of the transactions, it will have to be accepted as STGC.   In paragraph 8.1 of the impugned judgment and order, the Appellate Tribunal in so many words held that 30 days holding period could not have been taken as a fixed criteria for determining the   nature   of   transaction.     It   was   observed   that   the   nature   of transaction  has  to  be  determined  after  taking  into  consideration various factors.  The Appellate Tribunal held that the holding  period is one of the several factors which is required to   be taken into consideration.  It  concurred with the view taken by the CIT(A) in paragraph 8. 1. Thus even after finding that the formula adopted by the CIT(A) based on holding period of 30 days was erroneous, the Appellate   Tribunal   has   not   gone   into   the   details   of   all   the transactions. There are two reasons given by the Appellate Tribunal. First reason is that the claim in the sum of Rs.1,08,74,670/­ has been accepted by both the Assessing Officer and CIT(A).   The second reason given is that in view of the reasons given for the Assessment Year 2007­08, there was no merit in the appeal of the Assessment Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

13 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc Year 2008­09. In our view,   after accepting that the formula of 30 days adopted by the CIT(A) was erroneous, the Appellate Tribunal ought to have considered the appeal on merits.  The learned counsel appearing for the respondent Revenue tried to contend that the details of the sale and purchase transactions for the Assessment Year 2008­09   were   not   furnished   to   the   Assessing   Officer.     The   said submission appears to be factually incorrect as can be seen from the order of the Assessing Officer.   Paragraph 4.1 of his order clearly shows that all the details were furnished as regards the transactions of share during the relevant year.

18.

Therefore, to reiterate, we find that the entire approach of the Appellate Tribunal while dealing with the cases for both the years is completely erroneous. The Appellate Tribunal has failed to perform its duty and therefore, the impugned judgment and order of the Appellate Tribunal cannot be sustained at all. The case will have to have remanded to the Appellate Tribunal for deciding a fresh in accordance with law.

19.

Accordingly, we pass the following order:­ (i)  The impugned order dated 15th May, 2013 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal at Mumbai Bench is hereby quashed and set Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05

14 1&2.itxa-325&326.15.doc aside; (ii) Income Tax Appeal nos.6586/Mum/2010 and 5711/Mum/2011 are restored to the file of the Appellate Tribunal; (iii) The Appellate Tribunal shall decide the appeals a fresh in the light of what is held in this  judgment and order. (iv) Considering the fact that both  the appeals are of the year 2010­ 11, we are sure that necessary priority will be given by the Appellate Tribunal to the disposal of these two appeals. (v) The appeals are partly allowed on above terms with no orders as to costs. (A.K.MENON, J.) (A.S.OKA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:55:05 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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