E. MERCK (I) LTD. vs. C.I.T. B.C.III

PDF · subscribers
ITR/224/1999HC Bombay10 February 2017Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A. K. MENON17 pages
AI SummaryPartly Allowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court answered both questions in the affirmative, favoring the Revenue on the second question and against the assessee on the first. Regarding Question (i), the Court held that an appeal under Section 246(1)(c) is maintainable if the assessee denies its liability to be assessed and/or to the levy of tax and interest. However, it found that the assessee's arguments regarding Section 80J and its interpretation did not constitute a denial of liability to interest under Section 215. The Tribunal's finding that the assessee was not in a case of denial of liability to tax or interest was upheld. For Question (ii), the Court held that the assessee was liable to pay interest under Section 215. It distinguished the assessee's reliance on cases like Rainbow Industries Pvt. Ltd. and EMMTILI Engineering Ltd. by noting that those decisions were based on specific findings of fact by the Tribunal and that they ignored Section 215(4), which deals with waiver or reduction of interest. The Court emphasized that arguments of hardship or bona fide conduct are relevant for waiver under Section 215(4), not for interpreting the primary liability under Section 215(1), citing the principle that equitable considerations are out of place in interpreting taxing statutes. The assessee's claim that non-payment was due to circumstances beyond its control and reasonable cause did not warrant deletion of interest under Section 215(1).

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s. E. Merck (India) Ltd., filed an estimate of advance tax at 'NIL' for Assessment Year 1976-77. The assessment was completed with a total income of Rs. 28,88,820 and tax of Rs. 18,19,956. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) levied interest of Rs. 7,33,346 under Section 215 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, due to no advance tax payment. The assessee challenged this levy before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)], arguing no liability to pay interest and that profits were subject to a brought forward deficiency under Section 80J, resulting in no positive income. The CIT(A) allowed the appeal, finding the assessee's estimate reasonable based on a Calcutta High Court decision and that the appeal was maintainable as the assessee denied liability. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal) reversed the CIT(A)'s order, holding the assessee liable for interest and that the circumstances did not constitute a denial of liability.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, there was a denial of the assessee's liability to interest under Section 215 of the I.T. Act, 1961, making an appeal to the CIT(A) maintainable? (Question of law and fact, turning on Section 246(1)(c) and Section 215). 2. If the answer to the first question is affirmative, whether the assessee was liable to pay interest under Section 215 of the Act? (Question of law, turning on Section 215). Assessee's Contentions: - The assessee argued that its appeal to the CIT(A) was maintainable because it denied its liability to pay interest under Section 215. It contended that its estimate of 'NIL' advance tax was justified due to a brought forward deficiency under Section 80J, meaning there was no positive income. It also argued that the amendment by the Finance (No.2) Act, 1980, which denied its claim under Section 80J, should not penalize it. The assessee relied on the decision in Century Enka and the principle that it could not anticipate future events for advance tax estimation. Revenue's Contentions: - The Revenue did not appear to argue its case. The judgment notes that despite attempts to secure representation, no Vakalatnama was filed, indicating the Revenue was not interested in opposing the Reference.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 215,Section 246(1)(c),Section 80J

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO. 224 OF 1999 M/s. E. Merck (India) Ltd. Shivsagar Estage, Dr. A.B. Road, Worli Bombay ­18

.. Applicant v/s. Commissioner of Income Tax, Bombay City­III, Bombay .. Respondent Ms. Vissanji a/w Mr. S.J. Mehta for the applicant None for the respondent

CORAM : M.S. SANKLECHA &

A.K. MENON,  J.J. RESERVED ON : 3rd FEBRUARY, 2017. PRONOUNCED ON : 10th FEBRUARY, 2017 JUDGEMENT :­ (Per M.S. Sanklecha, J)

1.

None appears for the respondent Revenue inspite of service.    In fact,   on   29th  November,   2016   Mr.   Charanjeet   Chanderpal,   a   panel Counsel had appeared and sought time.     However, he had not filed Vakalatnama on behalf of the Revenue.  We had while granting time, made   it   clear   that   before   the   next   date   of   hearing,   the   Advocate appearing   for   the   Revenue   should  file   his   Vakalatnama.       On   31st Uday S. Jagtap 1 of 17 CNR No : HCBM020091631990 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 January,  2017,   when  the  Reference  was   taken  up  for  hearing,   Mr. Chanderpal,   learned   panel   Counsel   informed   us   that   even   after informing the Officers of the Revenue, no Vakalatnma in his favour has been executed.   In the above view, it appears that the Revenue is not interested in opposing this Reference.   Therefore, we proceed to hear the applicant in support of the present Reference.

2.

This Reference under Section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (the Tribunal) seeks our opinion on the following substantial questions of law :­ (i) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, there was denial of the assessee's liability to  interest under Section 215 of the I.T. Act, 1961, and thereby an appeal there against was maintainable to the CIT(A)? (ii) If the answer to the aforesaid question is in affirmative, whether the assessee was liable to pay interest u/s 215 of the Act?

3.

This Reference relates to the Assessment Year 1976­77. The previous year relevant to the subject Assessment Year is 1st  January, 1995 to 31st December, 1975. 4. The facts as set out in the statement of case reads as under :­ Uday S. Jagtap 2 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 “2. The relevant facts are in the way following.  An estimate of advance tax was filed at 'NIL' on 15.12. 75. The assessment was, however, completed on a total income of Rs.28,88,820/­ and the tax thereon was worked out at Rs.18,19,956/­.  Since there was no advance tax payment, the ITO levied an interest on Rs.7,33,346/­ u/s 215 of the Income­Tax Act, 1961. In appeal, the levy of interest was challenged by the assessee on the ground that there was no liability to pay interest.  On merits.  It was submitted that the profits and gains of the business shown at Rs.30 lacs were subject to brought forward deficiency u/s 80J at Rs.60,28,000/­ and, therefore, there was no positive income. It was also contended that it was only after the amendment was brought about by the Finance (No.2) Act, 1980, the provisions of Section 80J, the assessee's claim u/s 80J was denied and, therefore, the assessee should not be penalised.     The CIT(A) found that relief quantified for the assessment year 1975­76 was in accordance with the decision fo the Calcutta High Court in Century Enka which came to Rs.30,47,372/­ besides the claim for the year under consideration at Rs.32,19,640/­, as against which the assessee's income before the adjustment u/s 80J was Rs.31,25,153/­.  He held that since the assessee had determined   the   relief   in   accordance   with  the  Calcutta   High Court decision, the assessee could not be found fault with and, therefore, the estimate filed by it could not be considered to be an under­estimate.       He also observed that as the assessee denied its liability to pay interest, the appeal was maintainable. On the whole, the assessee's appeal came to be allowed.

3.

The   Tribunal,   after   elaborate   discussion   on   the   issue, Uday S. Jagtap 3 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 came to the conclusion that the case of the assessee could not be one of denial of its liability to the tax including levy of interest, and that it was liable under the Act.   In any case, it was held, the reasonableness or otherwise of the circumstances is not a factor leading to the denial of the assessee's liability to levy of interest u/s 215. The Tribunal observed that in the instant case, the assessee had preferred an appeal to the CIT(A) on the ground that it was not liable to advance tax at all or that its income was outside the purview of advance tax.   The principal ground of attack of the asessee, it was observed, was that it had reasonable   cause  for   filing  the  estimate  at   'nil'   or  that   the assessment   has   resulted   into   income   liable   to   advance   tax because of a lower deduction u/s 80J.   These facts, according to the Tribunal, could not be taken as denial of assessee's liability to interest u/s 215 of the Act.   In view of the aforesaid, the Tribunal reversed the order of the first appellate authority and left   it   open   to   the   assessee   to   apply   to   the   departmental authorities for waiver or reduction of interest u/s 215 of the Act.

5.

Regarding Question (i) :­

(a) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 Income Tax, 160 ITR 961. In the above case, the Apex Court has held that an appeal under Section 246(1)(c) of the Act to the extent interest is charged under Section 215 of the Act is appealable, provided the assessee denies his liability to be assessed and / or to levy of tax and interest thereon. (b) It would be appropriate to reproduce the relevant extract of the Apex Court decision in the case of Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd.(supra) as under :­ “Now the question is whether orders levying interest under sub­ s. (8) of S.139 and under S.215 are appealable under S.246 of the Income­tax Act. Cl. (c) of S.246 provides an appeal against an order where the assessee denies his liability to be assessed under the Act or 147 against any assessment order under sub­s. (3) of S.143 or S.144, where the assessee objects to the amount of income assessed or to the amount of tax determined or to the amount of loss computed or to the status under which he is assessed. Inasmuch as  the levy of interest  is a  part of the process of assessment, it is open to an assessee to dispute the levy in appeal provided he limits himself to the ground that he is not liable to the levy at all. In this connection we may usefully refer  to the decision  of  the  Karnataka  High Court where in a judgment in National Products v. Commissioner of Income­tax, Mysore, [1977] 108 ITR 935. Govind Bhat, C.J., explained the position in regard to the levy of interest under S.139 and under S.215. After referring to the earlier cases on the point he observed:­ "All decided cases except one have uniformly taken the view that levy of interest under Section 18A(6) or section 18A(8) of the 1922 Act or levy of interest under Section 215 of the Act is not appealable but in the appeal against a regular assessment, it is open to the assessee to take every contention which, if accepted, must result in the Income­tax Officer holding that there was no liability to Uday S. Jagtap 5 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 pay advance tax and, therefore, there was no liability to pay penal interest. In other words, it is open to an assessee to contend in the appeal against an order of assessment that he is not liable to pay any advance tax at all or the amount   of   advance   tax   determined   as   payable   by   the Income­tax Officer is not correct; but if the assessee does not   dispute   the   amount   of   advance   tax   determined   as payable by the Income­tax Officer, he merely cannot object to the levy of penal interest or question its quantum. ….... The levy of penal interest under Section 139 or Section 215 is made in the regular assessment order; the demand issued pursuant to the assessment order is for the total   amount   of   liability   imposed   inclusive   of   tax   and interest. While levy of penal interest under Section 18A  of the 1922 Act up to 1st April 1952, was automatic as was noticed by Chagla, C.J. in Ramnath's case [1955] 27 ITR 192 (Bom.), under the Act such levy is not automatic; discretion is vested in the Income­tax Officer to waive or reduce   penal   interest   in   the   cases   and   circumstances mentioned in rule 117A and rule 40 of the Income­tax Rules, 1962. If the case of the assessee falls within the scope   of  the  148   said   Rules,   the  Income­tax   Officer   is bound in law to consider whether the assessee was entitled to waiver or reduction of interest. It is, therefore, clear that levy of penal interest under Sections 139 and 215 is part of   assessment.   When   such   penal   interest   is   levied   the assessee is "assessed", meaning thereby, he is subjected to the procedure for ascertaining and imposing liability on him. If the assessee denies his liability to be assessed under the Act, he has a right of appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner   against   the   order   of   assessment.   Where penal interest is levied under Section 215 by the order or assessment, the assessee may altogether deny his liability to pay such interest on the ground that he was not liable to pay advance tax at all or that the amount of advance tax determined by the Income­tax Officer as payable ought to be reduced. In either case he denies his liability, wholly or partially, to be assessed. Similarly, where interest is levied under Section 139 of the Act, the assessee may deny his liability to pay such interest on the ground that the Uday S. Jagtap 6 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 return was not belated or that the penal provision was not attracted at all to his case. In such a case also he denies his liability to be assessed to interest." (c) ITR 986 & Phaltan Sugar Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, 208 ITR 989  wherein even the Advocates for the assessee conceded the position that no appeal would lie only against levy of interest under Section 215 of the Act.   It is made clear that we have independently applied our mind to the decision of Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd. (supra) to reach to the conclusion that no appeal under Section 246(1) (c) of the Act would lie only against levy of interest.   As we are conscious that the   above two decisions of this Court proceeded on concession of the Counsel for the assessee therein. Uday S. Jagtap 7 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 (d) However, we note from the statement of case that the appeal which was filed by the applicant assessee to the CIT(A) was not restricted only to the interest levied under Section 215 of the Act but also to the quantification of the advance tax payable.   This is evident as applicant's case before the CIT(A) was that no advance tax was payable Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06

6.

Regarding Question (ii) :­

(a) Ms. Vissanji, learned Counsel appearing in support of the applicant assessee contended that the applicant was not liable to pay any interest under Section 215 of the Act for non­payment of advance tax in December, 1975. According to the applicant, in December, 1976 when they estimated the advance tax to be paid and filed the estimate thereof, they proceeded to do so on the basis of the understanding of the law prevailing at that time.  More particularly, the decision of the Calcutta High Court in Century Enka (supra) wherein it was held that Rule 19A of the Income Tax Rules was ultra vires the Act.   Therefore, the computation of capital employed has to be worked out by including also borrowed capital for computing deduction under Section 80J of the Act.   This the applicant had done in December, 1975 and on that basis estimated its advance tax.   At that time, the estimate was arrived at on the basis of the law as was in force.   According to Ms. Vissanji, the   liability   to   pay   the   advance   tax   only   arose   on   account   of retrospective amendment made to Section 80J of the Act by Finance No.2 Act, 1980. (b) It   is   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   applicant   that   such retrospective amendment would not invite the liability to pay interest under Section 215 of the Act.   In support, Ms. Vissanji relied upon the Uday S. Jagtap 9 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 following decisions :­ (P&H). 209 ITR 634(P&H). Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 amendment was only clarificatory.   Therefore, the law as it stood was always as declared by the amendment. (d) All the decisions referred to above relate to the levy of interest under Section 234B of the Act and not in respect of Section 215 of the Act, with which we are concerned.   Be that as it may, the decisions referred  to at Sr. Nos. (i) to (iv), the liability to interest was deleted as the   obligation   to   pay   the   amount   of   advance   tax   arose   out   of   a retrospective   amendment   done   to   the   Act   by   the   Parliament.       A common   thread   running   in   all   the   aforesaid   decisions   is   that   the liability to pay the tax on the income earned arose subsequent to the last   date   for   payment   of   advance   tax.     In   this   case,   we   are   not concerned with any amendment made by Finance No.2 Act, 1980 to Section 80J of the Act.   As in the facts of this case, the liability to pay advance   tax   did   not   arise   only   on   account   of   the   retrospective amendment but the obligation was very much in existence when the obligation to pay advance tax on 15th  December, 1975 arose, on the basis of Section 80J of the Act as it stood even before the amendment. This for the reason that the Apex Court in Lohia Machines (supra) while upholding the challenge to the amendment made in 1980 to Section 80J of the Act with retrospective effect from 1972 also observed that the amendment was merely clarificatory and Section 80J of the Act Uday S. Jagtap 11 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 even dehors the amendment would have to be read in the same manner in which the amendment is understood.     Thus, the aforesaid cases relied   upon   by   the   applicant   assessee   in   view   of   the   above distinguishing feature would have no application to the facts of the present case.  It is axiomatic that a decision of the Supreme Court does not make the law but it only declares the law as always existing since its inception.  This has been repeatedly held by the Apex Court  [see in (para 35)].     In Lohia Machines (supra), the Apex Court not only upheld the amendment of 1980 to Section 80J of the Act, incorporating the  provisions  of Rule  19A of the  Rules, but it also held that the amendment was declaratory.  Thus, holding that the reading of Section 80J of the Act prior to the amendment is no different from it reading post amendment. Further, the decision of the Calcutta High Court in Century Enka (supra) was also overruled.   Thus, the basic reason for not paying the advance tax on the part of the applicant never existed. (e) The   decision   at   Sr.   No.(v)   in   the   case   of   Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd. (supra) of this Court relied upon by the applicant does not in our view assist the applicant.   All that the decision did was to restore the issue to the Tribunal to decide the leviability of the Uday S. Jagtap 12 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 interest under Section 215 of the Act taking into account the decision of the Apex Court in Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd.(supra). This was for the reason that the decision of the Tribunal was rendered prior   to   the   decision   of   the   Apex   Court   in   the   Central   Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd.(supra). (f) The decision in Gurkartar Steels Pvt. Ltd. (supra) of Punjab & Haryana High Court at Sr. No. (vi) above has no application to the present facts for the reason that it was rendered on an application under Section 256(2) of the Act.   The Court refused to direct the Tribunal to frame a question for its consideration as the Tribunal had decided the issue on facts arising before it and no question of law arose.  Thus, the consideration therein would be entirely different from the   consideration   which   would   apply   while   deciding   a   substantial question  of  law  in a  Reference  made  by  the  Tribunal.   Thus,  this decision is in our view is also of no assistance to the applicant. (g) The decision at Sr. No.(vii) of this Court in Prime Securities Ltd. (supra) proceeded on the factual aspect that it is not possible for an assessee to anticipate future events to determine payment of advance tax.     In the present facts, there was no occasion to anticipate any future events.  A proper understanding of Section 80J of the Act at the time when the occasion to estimate and pay advance tax arose, would Uday S. Jagtap 13 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 have resulted in a lower deduction available under Section 80J of the Act and payment of advance tax.   In view of the Apex Court decision in Lohia Machines (supra) there has been no change in the law as were existing on 15th December, 1975 when the applicant filed an estimate of Nil   advance   tax   and   on   25th  January,   1985   when   it   rendered   its decision.  In the present facts, it is not the applicant's case that there is any subsequent change in facts which could not be anticipated at the time of determining the advance tax.     A subsequent decision of the Apex  Court  merely  declaring   the   law   cannot   be   categorized  as   an unanticipated fact.   Therefore, the above decision also does not assist the applicant. (h) The next decision at Sr. No.(viii) of Gujarat High Court in Rainbow Industries Pvt. Ltd. (supra), the demand for interest on short payment of advance tax was deleted by the Tribunal.  In a Reference before Gujarat High Court at the instance of the Revenue, the Court held that the Tribunal as a matter of fact had found that the advance tax liability was determined by the assessee therein on the basis of its method of valuing closing stock which it had followed even for the earlier assessment years.   Therefore, in the absence of the Revenue pointing out that the figures adopted for computing the income was incorrect, the levy of interest could not be sustained.   Therefore, the Uday S. Jagtap 14 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 High Court proceeded with the issue on finding of fact by the Tribunal to conclude that the assessee therein could not have anticipated when it filed its estimate and / or paid advance tax that the valuation of the closing stock would be enhanced leading to higher determination of tax.    Similarly, the decision at Sr. No.(ix) of the Gujarat High Court in EMMTILI Engineering Ltd. (surpa) upheld the deletion of interest under Section 215 of the Act done by the Tribunal.  It upheld the view of the Tribunal that no interest could be levied on account of the additions made in the assessment order as the same is highly debatable and could not   have   been   foreseen   at   the   time   of   filing   the   advance   tax. Therefore, both the above decisions were rendered in the context of finding of facts by the Tribunal. (i) Moreover, both of the above decisions of Gujarat High Court completely ignore sub­section (4) of Section 215 of the Act, which provides for reduction or waiver of the interest payable by the assessee under Section 215 of the Act.  Therefore, both the above decisions of the Gujarat High Court most respectfully in our view were rendered sub­silentio.   It is this sub­section (4) of Section 215 which inter alia takes into account the circumstances beyond the control of the assessee for having paid less advance tax than that   finally determined to be payable. The argument of hardship,  bona fide  conduct etc. would be Uday S. Jagtap 15 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 appropriately considered when applying sub­section (4) of Section 215 of the Act while considering waiver / reduction of interest payable (1961) 1047 (SC) has observed that “In interpreting a taxing statute, equitable   consideration   are   entirely   out   of   place.”    Therefore,   the submission of the applicant assessee that non­payment of advance tax was on account of circumstances beyond the control of the assessee and for a reasonable cause, would not warrant deletion of interest payable on account of short payment / non­payment of the advance tax while considering   the   Sub­section   (1)   of   Section   215   of   the   Act.       The considerations   may   have   been   different   if   we   were   considering   an application of waiver under Sub­section (4) of Section 215 of the Act. (j) In the above view the applicant assessee is liable to pay the interest under Section 215 of the Act as held by the Tribunal.

7.

In the above view, we answer the questions posed for our opinion as under :­ (a) Question no.(i) in the affirmative i.e. in favour of the applicant Uday S. Jagtap 16 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 assessee and against the Revenue. (b) Question (ii) in the affirmative i.e. in favour of the respondent Revenue and against the applicant assessee.

8.

In view of the above, the Reference is disposed of in the above terms. (A.K. MENON, J.)

(M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uday S. Jagtap 17 of 17 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:52:06 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

More judgments on Section 215

All 47 judgments and leading authorities on Section 215 →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →