INDERMAL MANAJI. vs. THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CITY-VIII,MUMBAI

PDF · subscribers
ITR/10/2001HC Bombay06 July 2017Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE S.V. GANGAPURWALA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.M. BADAR12 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Tribunal was not right in invoking Explanation (1) to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act. The Court noted that the penalty proceedings were initiated based on the AO's rejection of the assessee's claim of carrying on the business of draft discounting. However, the Tribunal, in the quantum appeal, explicitly held that the assessee did carry on the business of draft discounting. While the Tribunal revised the commission rate to Rs. 2 per thousand, this did not negate the fundamental finding that the assessee was engaged in the business. The Court emphasized that the very basis for initiating the penalty proceedings was set aside by the Tribunal's decision in the quantum appeal. Furthermore, no addition to income was made in the quantum appeal; instead, the assessee's claim of conducting the business was accepted. Therefore, Explanation (1) to Section 271(1)(c), which deals with concealment or furnishing of inaccurate particulars of income or failure to offer a satisfactory explanation for additions/disallowances, was not attracted. The Court distinguished the cited cases of Chuharmal and Kalindi Rail Nirman Engineering Ltd. as having different factual matrices where income concealment or unexplained articles were involved.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Indermal Manaji, claimed to be in the business of draft discounting, earning a commission of Rs. 1 per thousand. For assessment years 1982-83 to 1985-86, the Assessing Officer (AO) rejected this claim, treating the income as 5% of deposits. The AO initiated penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) and passed an order on September 21, 1989, holding the assessee liable for penalty. The Commissioner (Appeals) upheld this order on February 26, 1990. The assessee appealed to the Tribunal, which, in an order dated July 13, 1993, held that the assessee did carry on the business of draft discounting but revised the commission rate to Rs. 2 per thousand. The present reference concerns the validity of invoking Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) in the penalty proceedings.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Tribunal was right in holding that the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) was correctly invoked by the CIT(A)? Assessee's Contentions: - The AO's finding that the assessee was not carrying on the business of draft discounting was overturned by the Tribunal in the quantum appeal. - The penalty order was passed before the Tribunal decided the quantum appeal, and the basis for the penalty was set aside by the Tribunal. - There was no concealment of income, and no addition was made under Section 68. - The Tribunal itself concluded that the assessee carries on the business of draft discounting, rendering the penalty proceedings invalid. - Relied on: Commissioner of Income Tax – Delhi-III v. Fortune Technocomps (P) Ltd. and Commissioner of Income-Tax-II, Lucknow v. Norton Electronics Systems (P.) Ltd. Revenue's Contentions: - The assessee failed to comply with requirements under Sections 142(1)/143(2), not furnishing details of the business, names/addresses of persons whose drafts were discounted, profit and loss account, or balance sheet. - The assessee could not identify the persons from whom cheques/drafts were received. - The assessee's case was governed by the new Explanation 1 to Section 271(1)(c), and the assessee failed to offer any explanation. - The Tribunal, while allowing the quantum appeal, adopted a rule of thumb and determined income at Rs. 2 per thousand, but the assessee could not substantiate the explanation offered. - Relied on: Chuharmal v. Commissioner of Income Tax, M.P. and Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kalindi Rail Nirman Engineering Ltd.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 271(1)(c),Section 68,Section 142(1),Section 143(2)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
(5)ITRNo.102001(Reserved Judgment)  IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDITION INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.10 OF 2001 Indermal Manaji, 24/3rd Bhoiwada Lane, Mumbai  ... Petitioner V/s. The Commissioner of Income Tax City­VIII, Mumbai. ... Respondent ..... Ms.Arati Vissanji, Advocate for the Petitioner. Mr.Ashok  Kotangle  with Mr.Arun  D.  Nagarjun  and Ms.Pratima Singh i/b. Mr.A.K.Saxena, Advocate for the Respondent. .... CORAM : S.V.GANGAPURWALA & A.M.BADAR JJ. Reserved on      : 29th June 2017. Pronounced on : 6th July 2017

ORAL JUDGMENT : (PER : S.V.GANGAPURWALA, J.) 1 The reference is made on the following question : “(1) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was right in holding that the Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) was correctly invoked by the CIT (A) ?” Gaikwad RD 1/12 CNR No : HCBM020089301998 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 The factual matrix, in nutshell, is as under : (a) The   assessee   claims   to   carry   on   the   business   in   Draft Discounting and earns commission of Rs.1 per thousand. (b) The Assessing Officer in his Assessment order for the year 1982­83 to 1985­86 held that the assessee has failed to prove that he   carries   on   the   business   of   Draft   Discounting   and   earns commission and as such, held the income to be 5% of the deposits. The said order was purportedly passed in the year 1987. Pursuant thereto, the Assessing Officer initiated Penalty Proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act for all these assessment years and on 21/09/1989, decided the Penalty Proceeding against the assessee holding the assessee liable to pay penalty.  The said order is passed on 21/09/1989. The Assessee preferred an appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals).  The said appeal came to be dismissed   under   Judgment   and   Order   dated   26/02/1990. Aggrieved thereby, the assessee filed appeal before the Tribunal. The   Tribunal   confirmed   the   order   imposing   penalty   upon   the assessee. 3 The   learned   counsel   for   the   assessee   strenuously contended   that   the   order   of   the   Assessing   Officer   in   the Assessment Proceedings holding that the assessee is not carrying on the business of Draft Discounting has been negatived by the Gaikwad RD 2/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 Tribunal under its Order dated 13/07/1993. The Tribunal held that the assessee carries on business of Draft Discounting and earns commission, however, observed that it would be appropriate to  consider   the   commission   at   Rs.2/­   per  thousand  instead of Rs.1/­ per thousand.   The order of Assessing Officer imposing penalty was passed before the Quantum Appeal was decided by the Tribunal.   The learned counsel submits that the very basis upon which the Assessing Officer has imposed penalty is set aside by the Tribunal in the Quantum Appeal and as such, the order imposing penalty cannot be sustained. 4 The learned counsel relies on the Judgment of the Delhi High Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax – Delhi­III v. Fortune Technocomps (P) Ltd.,  dated  13/05/2016 and so also, the Judgment of the Allahabad High Court in the case of  Commissioner   of   Income­Tax­II,   Lucknow   v.   Norton Electronics   Systems   (P.)   Ltd., reported   in  [2014]   41 taxmann.com   280   (Allahabad).     The   learned   counsel   further submits that there was no concealment of income and no addition was made under Section 68 of the Income Tax Act.  Moreover, the Tribunal   has   concluded   that   the   assessee   is   carrying   on   the business of Draft Discounting and earns commission.  The premise on which the penalty proceedings are initiated itself stands set aside.  As such, the Penalty Proceedings are bad in law.  According to the learned counsel, the Tribunal erred in confirming the orders of the Assessing Officer and the Commissioner. Gaikwad RD 3/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 The learned counsel for the Revenue submits that the appellant failed to comply with the requirement under Sections 142(1)/143(2) of the Act. The assessee failed to furnish the nature of business and names and complete address of the persons whose cheques/drafts   were   discounted,   profit   and   loss   account   and balance­sheet etc.  The assessee was not able to identify the person from whom the cheque/drafts were received.  The appellant's case is governed by new Explanation 1. The assessee has failed to offer any explanation.  According to the learned counsel, the Tribunal while allowing the Quantum Appeal, had adopted a rule of thumb and determined the income at Rs.2 per thousand, however the assessee could not substantiate the explanation offered.  This has been held by the Tribunal. 6 The learned counsel relies on the Judgment of the Apex Court in a case of Chuharmal v. Commissioner of Income Tax, M.P.  reported in  Income Tax Reports Volume 172 page 250  and another Judgment of the Delhi High Court in case of Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   v.   Kalindi   Rail   Nirman Engineering Ltd. reported in [2014]365 ITR 304 (Delhi). 7 We have considered the submissions canvassed by the learned counsel for the parties, so also, have gone through the Orders   passed.     The   question   to   be   considered   is   whether Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act could be invoked. Gaikwad RD 4/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 The relevant dates are as under : The Assessment Order for the year 1982­83 to 1985­86 passed by the Assessing Officer is dated 30/12/1987. The same has been confirmed by the Commissioner (Appeals) in the year 1986 and 1989. The Tribunal allowed the appeal filed by the assessee   against   the   Orders   of   the   Assessing   Officer   and   the Commissioner   in   the   Assessment   Proceedings   on   13/07/1993. The Assessing Officer initiated the Penalty Proceedings and passed Order holding assessee liable to pay penalty under Section 271(1) (c) on 21/09/1989. The Commissioner (Appeals) confirmed the said Order levying penalty on 26/02/1990. 9 On perusal of the dates, it is manifest that the Penalty Proceedings  were   initiated  by  the  Assessing  Officer before  the Tribunal had decided the Quantum Appeal.  The basis of initiation of   Penalty   Proceeding   and   holding   the   assessee   liable   to   pay penalty was that the assessee claims that he was engaged in the business   of   Discounting   Draft   was   rejected   and   as   such,   the assessee has concealed the particulars of income. 10 However,  the Tribunal  in  the  Quantum Appeal has held that the assessee is carrying on the business of Discounting Drafts and the income of the assessee should be calculated at the rate of Rs.2 per thousand instead of Rs.1 per thousand as claimed by the assessee and the appeal of the assessee was partly allowed. Gaikwad RD 5/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 It would be seen that the basis upon which the Penalty Proceedings were initiated was set aside by the Tribunal.   It is observed in the Penalty Proceedings by all the authorities that the assessee could not give the details and explanation of the parties who are not identified the parties and as such, Explanation 1 to Section 271(1)(c) would be invoked. 12 Section 271(1)(c) of the Act with its explanation reads as under : 271.(1) If the   Assessing Officer or the   Commissioner (Appeals)   or   the   Principal Commissioner   or Commissioner in the course of any proceedings under this Act, is satisfied that any person — (a)  Omitted... (b) has failed to comply with a notice  under sub­section (2) of section 115WD or under sub­section (2) of section 115WE or under sub­section (1) of section 142 or sub­ section   (2)   of   section   143   or   fails   to   comply   with   a direction issued under sub­section (2A) of section 142, or (c)   has   concealed   the   particulars   of   his   income   or furnished inaccurate particulars of  such income, or (d) has concealed the particulars of the fringe benefits or furnished inaccurate particulars of such fringe benefits, he   may   direct   that   such   person   shall   pay   by   way   of penalty,— (i)  Omitted (ii) in the cases referred to in clause (b), in addition to Gaikwad RD 6/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 tax, if any, payable by him,   a sum of ten thousand rupees for each such failure ; (iii) in the cases referred to in clause (c) or clause (d),  in addition to tax, if any, payable by him, a sum which shall not be less than, but which shall not exceed  three times, the amount of tax sought to be evaded by reason of the concealment   of   particulars   of   his   income   or   fringe benefits   or   the   furnishing   of   inaccurate   particulars   of such income or fringe benefits. Explanation 1.—Where in respect of any facts material to the computation of the total income of any person under this Act,— (A) such person fails to offer an explanation or offers an explanation which is found by the Assessing Officer or the Commissioner   (Appeals)   or   the   Principal Commissioner or Commissioner to be false, or (B) such person offers an explanation which he is not able   to   substantiate     and   fails   to   prove   that   such explanation is bona fide and that all the facts relating to the same and material to the computation of his total income have been disclosed by him, then, the amount added or disallowed in computing the total income of such person as a result thereof shall, for the purposes of clause (c) of this sub­section, be deemed to represent the income   in   respect   of   which   particulars   have   been concealed. In the present case, the amount has not been added to the income of the Assessee.  In Assessment Proceedings, Tribunal had observed that in many cases Tribunal has accepted Rs.1/­ per thousand as commission and in some cases at Rs.2/­ per thousand. In present case, it is considering Rs.2/­ per thousand. Gaikwad RD 7/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 The   contention   of   the   assessee   in   the   Assessment Proceedings is that the assessee carried on the business in Draft Discounting.   The deposits represented the drafts received from different parties and the commission of the assessee was Rs.1/­ per thousand. 14 In the Assessment Proceedings, the Assessment Officer did not accept the contention of the assessee and held that the assessee's claim that he was engaged in business of discounting drafts was rejected and the assessee's income was estimated at the rate of 5% of the total deposits made in the bank.  The said finding of   the   Assessing   Officer   in   the   Assessment   Proceedings   is confirmed   by   the   Commissioner   (Appeals).     The   assessee   had preferred   appeal   to   the   Tribunal   against   the   order   of   the Commissioner (Appeals).  During the interregnum and before the Tribunal decided the appeal in the Assessment Proceedings, the Assessment Officer initiated Penalty Proceedings on the basis of his Assessment Order and on the ground that the assessee's claim that   he   was   engaged   in   business   of   discounting   drafts   was rejected,   imposed   penalty   upon   the   assessee   invoking   Section 271(1)(c) of the Act.  The Commissioner (Appeals) also dismissed the appeal filed by the assessee against the Order imposing penalty on or about 26/02/1990. 15 On or about 13/07/1993, the Tribunal partly allowed the   appeal   of  the  assessee   preferred  against   the  Order   of the Gaikwad RD 8/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 Assessing  Officer.    The   Tribunal  upheld  the   contention   of the assessee that he carries on the business of Draft Discounting and earns commission.  A clear finding to that effect is rendered by the Tribunal.     The   Tribunal   observed   that   it   finds   no   reason   to disbelieve the assessee that he is engaged in the business of Draft Discounting.  The Tribunal further observed that assessee makes the payment to the parties before release of draft proceeds.  The Tribunal further observed that the Tribunal has considered Rs.1/­ per thousand as commission in several similar cases, but it finds that there are also cases where the Tribunal adopted the higher rate depending on the circumstances of the case and the Tribunal presumed that for providing the facility, the assessee must have charged   some   extra   amount   and   that   the   rate   at   Rs.2/­   per thousand for discounting of drafts and cheques, is to be adopted. The Order of the Assessment Officer, as such, was set aside. 16 It is abundantly clear that the very basis for initiation of the Penalty Proceedings stood negated by the Order of the Tribunal in an appeal filed by the assessee against the Order of the Assessing Officer in the Assessment Proceedings. 17 The basis for initiation of Assessment Proceedings by the Assessment Officer is that the Assessment Officer disbelieved the claim of the assessee that he was engaged in the business of discounting drafts, whereas the Tribunal held that the assessee Gaikwad RD 9/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 carries on the business of Draft Discounting.   The assessee has stated that the amount in the account is the amount of the drafts received   of   which   assessee   charges   Rs.1/­   per   thousand   as commission.    Explanation  (1) to  Section 271(1)(c)  of the Act states that if a person fails to offer an explanation or offers an explanation which is found by the Assessing Officer to be false or such   person   offers   an   explanation   which   he   is   not   able   to substantiate and fails to prove that such explanation is bona fide and and that all the facts relating to the same and material to the computation of his total income have been disclosed by him, then, the amount added or disallowed in computing the total income of such person, as a result thereof shall for the purpose of Clause (c) of the said Sub­Section be deemed to represent the income in respect of which particulars have been concealed.  In the present case, no addition of the amount has been made, nor is a case of dis­allowance.   Even the Tribunal had accepted the case of the assessee that he is carrying on the business of Draft Discounting. It is also observed that in many cases, the Tribunal has taken a view that in case of Draft Discounting, income is considered at Rs.1/­ per thousand and in some cases, at Rs.2/­ per thousand.  In the   present   case,   it   considered   to   Rs.2/­   per   thousand.     The assessee, therefore, was not required to give any explanation as his case was accepted by the Tribunal in Appeal.  As such, for all the above reasons, Explanation (1) to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act would not be attracted. Gaikwad RD 10/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 The   learned   counsel   for   the   Revenue   has   placed reliance   on   the   Judgment   of   the   Apex   Court   in   case   of Chuharmal  (referred   to   supra).     In   the   said   case,   the   wrist watches were seized from the assessee's bedroom.  No explanation was given at the time of seizure.  The assessee also did not avail opportunity to show that he was not the owner.   The deemed income comprising of value of unexplained articles was added to the disclosed income.   In that context, the Apex Court has held that Explanation to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act is attracted and penalty would be leviable.  In the present case, the Tribunal had accepted   the   case   of   the   assessee   that   he   has   carried   on   the business of Draft Discounting and earns money thereby negating the Order of the Assessing Officer in the Assessment Proceedings. Further, no amount was added as income.  In case of Kalindi Rail Nirman Engineering Ltd (referred to supra) before the Delhi High Court also the facts were absolutely different.  In the said case, the income was concealed by the assessee and the discrepancies were found in the account by the Special Auditor.  The Court held the imposition of penalty justified.  As discussed supra, the case of the assessee of carrying on business of discounting bank drafts and earning commission, has been accepted. 19 Considering the aforesaid conspectus of the matter, it is abundantly clear that the very basis of the Penalty Proceedings Gaikwad RD 11/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 was set aside by the Tribunal in an appeal against the Assessment Order.   There was no addition of income.   On the contrary, the case of the assessee, which was negated by the assessing officer of carrying on the business of Draft Discounting, is accepted by the Tribunal.  The Explanation (1) to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act, in the facts and circumstances of the present case, would not arise. 20 In   light   of   the   above,   the   question   referred   to   is answered in favour of the assessee holding that the Tribunal was not right in invoking Explanation (1) to Section 271(1)(c) of the Act. 21 Reference, accordingly, disposed of. 22 No costs. ( A.M.BADAR J.) ( S.V.GANGAPURWALA J.) Gaikwad RD 12/12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:55 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

More judgments on Section 271(1)(c)

All 25,141 judgments and leading authorities on Section 271(1)(c) →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →