TRUSTEES OF SAURASHTRA TRUST. vs. THE DIRECTOR OF INCOME TAX.

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ITR/66/2000HC Bombay04 August 2017Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE S.V. GANGAPURWALA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.M. BADAR29 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the ITAT was justified in allowing the appeals of the Revenue and confirming the penalties levied on the assessee under Section 273(2)(a) and Section 140A(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Court reasoned that the assessee could not claim a bonafide belief that its income was exempt, as its income had been held taxable by authorities for over forty years. The assessee's interpretation of the Surat Art Silk judgment was considered erroneous, and there was no reasonable basis for the belief that its income was exempt. The Court noted that the history of non-compliance by the assessee weighed negatively on its bonafides. The ITAT's finding that the assessee was not covered by Section 2(15) and therefore not eligible for exemption was upheld. The Court found no illegality or perversity in the ITAT's conclusion that the assessee had no compelling reason to consider its income exempt, leading to the filing of a NIL advance tax estimate and non-payment of self-assessment tax. The reference was answered in the affirmative.

What were the facts?

The assessee, a Trust established in 1941, publishes newspapers and periodicals, claiming its income is exempt as it serves general public utility. Initially exempt under the 1922 Act, exemption was denied under Section 11 of the 1961 Act by the ITAT in November 1976, citing profit from newspaper distribution. This was based on Supreme Court decisions in Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust and Indian Chamber of Commerce. However, a later Supreme Court ruling in Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers Association (1980) disapproved this view. For AY 1983-84, the assessee estimated income as Nil. The assessment was completed at Rs. 84,65,270, later revised to Rs. 6,26,52,031. The AO imposed penalties of Rs. 2,90,409 under Section 273(2)(a) for an untrue advance tax estimate and Rs. 26,34,216 under Section 140A(3) for non-payment of self-assessment tax. The CIT(A) cancelled these penalties.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in allowing the appeal of the Revenue and confirming penalty of Rs. 2,90,409 u/s. 273(2)(a)? 2. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in allowing the appeal of the Revenue and confirming penalty of Rs. 26,34,216 u/s. 140A(3)? Assessee's Contentions: The assessee contended that its income was exempt based on the Supreme Court's decision in Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers Association, and therefore, it was not liable to pay advance tax or self-assessment tax. The filing of a NIL estimate for advance tax was not malafide, and no penalty had been imposed in past years. The CIT(A) had also found no liability for self-assessment tax and no case for penalty under Section 140A(3) as prior year returns were not decided by the Tribunal. The assessee argued it was relying on the Surat Art Silk decision for exemption. Revenue's Contentions: The Revenue argued that the assessee's income had been held taxable for many years by the Tribunal, and the assessee could not interpret the Surat Art Silk judgment erroneously to claim bonafide belief of exemption. The ITAT had found that for over forty years, the assessee's income was held taxable, and there was no reasonable cause for not filing the advance tax estimate or paying self-assessment tax. The ITAT also held that penalty under Section 140A(3) could be imposed even if proceedings were not initiated during the original assessment.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 273(2)(a),Section 140A(3),Section 11,Section 2(15),Section 139(4)(a),Section 239

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ITR-66-2000.doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.66 OF 2000 TRUSTEE OF SAURASHTRA TRUST  )...APPELLANT V/s. THE DIRECTOR OF INCOME­TAX ) (EXEMPTION) )...RESPONDENT Mr.Sunil Lala a/w. Mr.Atul K. Jasani, Advocate for the Applicant. Mr.A.R.Malhotra, Advocate for the Respondent. CORAM : S.V.GANGAPURWALA &        A. M. BADAR, JJ. DATE     : Reserved on    : 6th July 2017 Pronouned on : 4th August 2017

JUDGMENT : (PER A.M.BADAR, J.) 1 On allowing appeals by the Revenue and / or rejection of Cross Objections filed by the assessee, the assessee moved an application seeking reference of following two questions of law for decision of this court : avk 1/29 CNR No : HCBM020036622000 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Question in R.A.No.293/Mum/97 Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in allowing the appeal of the Revenue and confirming penalty of Rs.2,90,409/­ u/s.273(2)(a) ? Question in R.A.No.292/Mum/97 Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in allowing the appeal of the Revenue and confirming penalty of Rs.26,34,216/­ u/s.140A(3) ? 2 By this reference, decision of this court is sought on these two questions of law referred by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal   (hereinafter   ITAT),   Mumbai,   at   the   instance   of   the assessee.  Brief facts leading to the reference of two questions of law are thus : (a) The assessee is a Trust founded in or about 1941 and it has been   publishing   newspapers   and   other   periodicals   since   then. According to the assessee/Trust, it conducts activities for welfare of people of India in general and people from Kutch, Khatiawad avk 2/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc and   Gujarat,   in   particular.     For   educating   the   masses,   it   is publishing   newspapers   and   periodicals   in   Mumbai   as   well   as Gujarat.  It is case of the assessee/Trust that the income earned by it is exempt from the liability of payment of income tax.   From Assessment Year 1941­42 till Assessment Year 1961­62 the income of the assessee/Trust was exempted under Section 4(3)(i) of the Income   Tax   Act,   1922,   (hereinafter   I.T.Act)   as   publishing   of newspapers falls under the definition of General Public Utility. Subsequently, in the I.T.Act, 1961, the term “Charitable Purpose” came to be defined in Section 2(15) which included relief of poor, education, medical relief and the advancement of any other object of general public utility not involving carrying on of activity of profit. (b) By following decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of  Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust vs. CIT [1975] 101 ITR 234 (SC)  and  Indian Chamber of Commerce vs. CIT [1975] 101 ITR 796 (SC) the ITAT vide its order passed in the month of November 1976 denied exemption to the assessee / avk 3/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Trust under Section 11 of the I.T.Act, 1961, by holding that the assessee/Trust had earned profit from the activity of distribution of newspaper, and therefore, it is not liable for exemption under Section 11 of the I.T.Act, 1961. (c) The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of  Additional requirement of definition of “Charitable Purposes” would be fully satisfied, even if an activity for profit is carried on in the course of the actual carrying out of the primary purpose of the Trust or Institution.  The learned ITAT, in view of the rulings of the Hon'ble Supreme   Court   in   the   matter   of Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth Manufacturers   Association   (supra),  instead   of   denying   the exemption   under   Section   11   of   the   I.T.Act,   1961,   for   the avk 4/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Assessment Year 1975­76 to Assessment Year 1978­79 remanded the matter to the Assessing Officer to re­examine the issue. (d) On 5th  June 1982, for the assessment year 1983­84, the assessee/Trust   filed   an   estimate   of   income   by   estimating   its income  as Nil.   The regular  assessment  was completed under Section   143(3)   of   the   I.T.Act,   1961,   on   17th  October   1986 assessing the income of the assessee / Trust at Rs.84,65,270/­. The   assessment   came   to   be   revised   under   CIT's   order   under Section 264 dated 14th December 1987 and total income came to be   determined   at   Rs.6,26,52,031/­.   The   Assessing   Officer,   on perusal of the estimate of income for the purpose of advance tax submitted by the assessee/Trust, found it to be untrue.  On being satisfied that the assessee/Trust has reason to believe the same to be untrue, the Assessing Officer imposed penalty of Rs.2,90,409/­ to the assessee /Trust by invoking provisions of Section 273(2)(a) of the I.T.Act, 1961. Similarly, for the said assessment year, the Assessing Officer further found that the assessee/Trust did not pay the self assessment tax as was payable under Section 140A(1) of avk 5/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc the   I.T.Act,   the   Assessing   Officer   imposed   penalty   of Rs.26,34,216/­ on the assessee/Trust by invoking provisions of Section 140A(3) of the I.T.Act, 1961. (e) In June 1985, the learned ITAT denied exemption claimed under   Section   11   of   the   I.T.Act   to   the   assessee/Trust   for   the Assessment   Year   1975­76   to   Assessment   Year   1978­79. The Revenue, as such, was assessing the income earned by the assessee /Trust   by   publishing   newspapers   and   periodicals   as   taxable income. (f) Feeling  aggrieved  by  the  action  of  imposition  of  penalty under Section 273(2)(a) and under Section 140A(3) of the I.T.Act by  the  Assessing Officer,  the  assessee/Trust  filed two separate appeals   before   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   (Appeals) (hereinafter CIT (Appeals)) challenging these orders.  Both those appeals came to be allowed by the CIT (Appeals) and penalty levied by the Assessing Officer under Section 273(2)(a) and under Section 140A(3) came to be cancelled. avk 6/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc (g) The learned CIT (Appeals) was pleased to hold that there was no liability for payment of self assessment tax on the basis of the return of income filed by the assessee/Trust.  It is further held that no penalty had been imposed in the past years under Section 140A(3) of the I.T.Act and the return of income filed for earlier years had not been decided by the Tribunal till June 1985. As such, there was no case for holding that the assessee/Trust should have declared the income in its return of income and should have filed the self assessment tax under Section 140A(1) of the I.T.Act. So   far   as   penalty   under   Section   273(2)(a)   is   concerned,   the learned CIT (Appeals) was pleased to hold that the assessee/Trust was relying on the decision of the Apex Court in the matter of Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth   Manufacturers   Association   (supra)  for contending that its income was exempted from payment of the tax, and therefore, it was not liable to pay any advance tax.  There was no malafide intention on the part of the assessee/Trust in filing NIL estimate of the advance tax and no penalty was levied in past assessment years on the assessee/Trust  under Section 273(2) (a) of the Income Tax Act. avk 7/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc (h) The Revenue carried both the orders passed in appeals by the learned CIT (Appeals) cancelling the penalty imposed on the assessee/ Trust by filing two separate appeals bearing numbers Income Tax Appeal No.1233 and 1234 (Bom) of 1990 before the learned ITAT, Mumbai.  Upon getting notice of these appeals, the assessee/Trust filed cross objection which came to be registered as Cross Objection No.537/Bom/95. The cross objection came to be filed with an averment that the CIT (Appeals) did not consider some of the pleas advanced by the assessee/Trust in the appeals challenging   the   penalty   levied   under   Section   143A(3)   of   the I.T.Act, 1961. After hearing the parties on 22nd January 1997, the learned ITAT allowed both the appeals filed by the Revenue and restored   penalty   imposed   on   the   assessee/Trust   under   Section 273(2)(a)   and   under   Section   140A(3)     of   the   I.T.Act,   1961. Hence,  cross  objection  filed by the assessee/Trust  came  to be dismissed. (i) In its common judgment and order the learned ITAT, so far as penalty under Section 140A(3) is concerned, while confirming avk 8/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc the   said   penalty   and   allowing   the   appeal,   has   held   that   the question is whether the assessee/Trust really had a reasonable cause or belief that its income was totally exempted from the tax. The assessee/Trust cannot take shelter for refusal to pay tax by taking shelter of the decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court.   The intention of the assessee/Trust was to withhold payment of lakhs of rupees as tax for number of years.  The assessee/Trust had no reasonable cause or belief in not paying self assessment tax under Section 140A(1) of the I.T.Act, 1961. While upholding the penalty imposed under Section 273(2)(a) of the I.T.Act, 1961, the learned ITAT was pleased to hold that while filing the estimate of its advance tax, the assessee/Trust did not have a bonafide belief that its entire income is exempt from payment of tax, in view of the fact that for forty years it was being held liable for payment of the tax as the assessee/Trust was not falling in the category of the “Charitable Trust” in order to claim exempt income.  It is further held that merely because the appeal has been filed before the Tribunal, the assessee/Trust cannot be said to hold a reasonable belief that its income is not chargeable to tax, and therefore, it is avk 9/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc not liable to declare it in an estimate of the advance tax. (j) The   assessee/Trust,   thereafter,   preferred   an   application under Section 256 of the I.T.Act for referring the two questions of law, as stated in foregoing paragraph of decision of this court. That reference application came to be allowed by the learned ITAT vide order dated 29th November 1999. 3 Before adverting to the arguments advanced by the learned advocates appearing for the parties, it would be apposite to quote the relevant provisions of law for better understanding the controversy.  Section 140A of the I.T.Act, 1961, reads thus : “140A. (1) Where any tax is payable on the basis of any return required to be furnished under section 139   or   section   148   after   taking   into   account   the amount   of   tax,   if   any,   already   paid   under   any provision of this Act, the assessee shall be liable to pay such tax before furnishing the return and the return shall be accompanied by proof of payment of such tax. (2) After a regular assessment under section 143 or section 144 has been made, any amount paid under sub­section (1) shall be deemed to have been paid avk 10/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc towards such regular assessment. (3) If any assessee fails to pay the tax or any part thereof  in  accordance   with  the   provisions  of sub­ section (1), the Income­Tax Officer may direct that a sum equal to two per cent of such tax or part thereof, as the case may be, shall be recovered from him by way of penalty for every month during which the default continues : Provided  that before levying any such penalty, the assessee shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.” Relevant portion of Section 273(2)(a) of the I.T.Act, 1961 reads thus : “273.(1) .................... (2)  If the Income Tax Officer, in the course of any proceedings   in   connection   with   the   regular assessment for the assessment year commencing on the   1st  day   of   April,   1970,   or   any   subsequent assessment year, is satisfied that any assessee ­ (a)   has   furnished   under   sub­section   (1)   or   sub­ section (2) or sub­section (3) or sub­section (5) of Section 209A, or under sub­section (1) or sub­section (2) of section 212, an estimate of the advance tax payable by him which he knew or had reason to avk 11/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc believe to be untrue, or (aa) …........ (b)   …........ (c)   …........ he may direct that such person shall, in addition to the amount of tax, if any, payable by him, pay by way of penalty a sum …......” 4 We have heard the learned advocate appearing for the assessee/Trust.   By taking us through the order of reference as well as order of the learned CIT (Appeals) as well as the learned ITAT,   the   learned   advocate   submitted   that   imposition   of   the penalty is not a routine matter.   The learned ITAT had taken incorrect   view   in   allowing   the   appeal   of   the   Revenue   and upholding the penalty levied on the assessee/Trust under Section 273(2)(a) and under Section 140A(3) of the I.T.Act.  The learned advocate argued that, infact, the position of law is clear from the following judgments / orders :­ Developers [2015] 56 taxmann.com 335 (Bombay) ii)  Order of this court dated 17th  February 2017 in  Income Tax avk 12/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Appeal  No.1498  of   2014  in   the   matter  of  Commissioner  of Income Tax – 21 vs. M/s.Advanta Estate Development Pvt. Ltd., iii) Order of this court dated 2nd December 2015 in Income Tax Appeal   No.851   of   2014,   in   the   matter   of  Commissioner   of Income Tax – 8 vs. M/s.Aditya Birla Power Co. Ltd., iv) Order of Hon'ble Delhi High Court dated  5th October 2010 in  Income   Tax   Appeal   No.240   of   2009,   Commissioner   of Income Tax vs. Liquid Investment & Trading Co., v)  Judgment   dated  11 th    January   2017   of   Hon'ble   Madhya

Pradesh High Court in Income Tax Appeal No.89 of 2016, Pr.Commissioner of Income Tax vs. R.K.Gupta Contractors & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. with connected matters, vi)  the judgment dated  10 th    May 2017 of Hon'ble Rajasthan

High Court in the matter of Pr.Commissioner of Income Tax vs. M/s.Modern Denim Ltd., vii)  the judgment reported in  [2017] 79 taxmann.com 344 of avk 13/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc 5 It   is   argued   that   when   the   levy   of   penalty   was debatable in the light of the fact that previously no penalty was imposed on the assessee/Trust, the learned ITAT was not justified in confirming the penalty imposed by the Assessing Officer.  The issue was debatable and as such it cannot be said that the assessee /Trust had reason to believe that its estimate of advance tax or return of income showing exemption was untrue.   It cannot be said that the assessee/Trust failed to pay the self assessment tax making it liable to pay penalty.  Infact, there was no liability to pay self assessed tax as the assessee claimed exemption under Section 11 of the I.T.Act, 1961. 6 It is further argued that the penalty under Section 140A(3) is different from the penalty under Section 273(2)(a) but the learned ITAT applied the same reasoning for confirming both these   penalties.     Bonafides   of   the   assessee   /   trust   were   not appreciated by the learned ITAT.  Similarly,  the Tribunal, in past, despite judgments of the Hon'ble Apex Court in the matter of avk 14/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth   Manufacturers   Association   (supra) remanded the matter in respect of the earlier assessment years and as such, the assessee / Trust was under bonafide belief that income earned by it is not liable to tax.  There was difference of opinion between the Hon'ble Judges of the Supreme Court and subsequently in the matter of Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers Association (supra),  judgments in the matter of  Sole Trustee, Loka   Shikshana   Trust   (supra)  and  Indian   Chamber   of Commerce (supra) came to be overruled.  As such, it cannot be said that, the assessee / Trust had reason to believe its estimate of advance tax as untrue or that it was liable to pay self assessment tax. 7 The   learned   advocate   appearing   for   the   Revenue countered the submissions so advanced by contending that ratio of the   judgment   in   the   matter   of  Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth Manufacturers Association (supra) is crystal clear and the same is  not   in   respect   of   the   activity   of   publishing   newspaper   and earnings therefor.  It is in respect of promotion of commerce and avk 15/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc trade in silk and as such, the question of debatable views in the matter of income earned by the assessee / Trust does not arise.  It cannot be said that the assessee / Trust was under bonafide belief that its income would not be chargeable to the tax.  The liability to pay tax on its income ought not to have been decided by the assessee   /   Trust   itself   and   there   was   no   reasonable   basis   for declaring its income as exempt by the assessee / Trust.   The learned   advocate   for   the   Revenue   relied   on   order   dated   21st August 2012 passed by the Division Bench of this court in Income Tax Appeal No.2753 of 2010 in the matter of The Commissioner of Income Tax – 10, Mumbai vs. M/s.Wander Pvt. Ltd. and the order passed by the  ITAT, New  Delhi,  in  Income Tax  Appeal No.1395/DeL/2009 in the matter of Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax vs. M/s.Khanna & Annadhanam  decided on 22nd July   2011   in   order   to   buttress   his   contention   that   the   entire exercise by the assessee / Trust in not paying the self assessment tax  and  in   submitting   NIL   estimate   of   the   advance   tax   is   an attempt to evade the tax liability. avk 16/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc 8 We have carefully considered the rival submissions and also gone through the record made available as well as written submissions placed on record by both parties.  We have also gone through the case laws relied by both parties. 9 At   the   outset,   it   needs   to   be   noted   that   the   facts involved in the instant reference are not in dispute.  Undisputedly, the assessee/Trust came to be formed in the year 1941 and it is involved in activities of publishing newspaper and periodicals.  It is undisputed that the assessee/Trust was earning income from its activities   of   publishing   newspapers   and   periodicals   and   was claiming its income to be exempt since its formation.   At this juncture, it is apposite to note that in the matter of Surat Art Silk Cloth   Manufacturers   Association   (supra)  the   Hon'ble   Apex Court had an occasion to examine the term “Charitable purpose.” It is relevant to quote the observations of the Hon'ble Apex Court in that regard which reads thus : “At this stage, it will be appropriate to point out that the question whether a trust is created or an institution is established for a charitable purpose avk 17/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc falls to be determined by reference to the real purpose of the trust or the institution and not by the circumstance that the income derived can be measured   by   standards   usually   applicable   to   a commercial activity. The quantum of income is no test in itself. It may be the result of an activity permissible under a truly charitable purpose for, as   has   been   observed,   a   profitable   activity   in working   out   the   charitable   purpose   is   not excluded. I am unable to agree, with respect, with all that has fallen from H. R. Khanna and A. C. Gupta, JJ. in Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT, [1975] 101 ITR 234(SC) that the terms of the trust must impose restrictions on making profits, otherwise   the   purpose   of   the   trust   must   be regarded as involving the carrying on of a profit making activity. On the contrary, 1 find myself in agreement with Beg, J. to the extent that he says, in the same case, that it is the genuineness of the purpose,   that   it   is   truly   charitable,   which determines the issue. It seems necessary to me that a distinction must constantly be maintained between what is merely a definition of "charitable purpose" and the powers conferred for working out or fulfilling that purpose. While the purpose avk 18/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc and the powers must correlate, they cannot be identified with each other.” It is, thus, held by the Hon'ble Apex Court that the quantum of its income is not the test to determine whether the Trust is created for   a  charitable   purpose.     What   is  relevant   is  the   object  and purpose of creation of the Trust. 10 As per provisions of Section 273(2)(a) of the I.T.Act, 1961, a false estimate or failure to pay advance tax makes an assessee liable for penalty.  However, such penalty is leviable after hearing the affected party and only when the Assessing Officer comes to the conclusion that the assessee knew or had reason to believe that the estimate of advance tax submitted by the assessee is untrue.  Similarly, Section 140A(1) enjoins a assessee to submit the returns of income after assessing the tax and after paying the tax prior to furnishing the return of income.  The return of income of the assessee is required to be accompanied by proof of payment of self assessed tax.  If the assessee fails to pay such self assessed tax, then after hearing the assessee, the Income Tax Officer can direct  him to  pay penalty as  prescribed  by sub­section  (3) of avk 19/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Section   140A(1)   of   the   I.T.Act,   1961. In   the   case   in   hand, undisputedly, the assessee/Trust has not submitted any estimate of advance tax by declaring estimated taxable income and by paying advance tax as per estimate of the income offered for the tax for the   assessment   year   1983­84. Ultimately,   in   the   original assessment   it   was   found   that   the   assessee/Trust   had   earned income of Rs.84,65,270/­ which came to be revised under orders of the CIT (Appeals) under Section 264 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to Rs.62,65,203/­.  The assessee/Trust claimed that income earned   by   it   by   the   activity   of   publishing   newspaper   and periodicals   is   an   exempt   income,   it   being   a   Trust   meant   for “Charitable   purpose.”     However,   the   record   reveals   that   since beginning the Revenue was treating the income earned by the assessee/Trust as taxable.  It is worthwhile to mention that from the   assessment   year   1962­63   onwards,   in   view   of   specific definition of the term “Charitable purpose” as found in Section 2(15)   of   the   I.T.Act,   1961,   the   income   earned   by   the assessee/Trust   came   to   be   assessed   for   the   income   tax.     By enactment of the Income Tax Act of 1961, the term “Charitable avk 20/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc Purpose”  came  to  be  defined  under  Section 2(15) of the said Act. It is, thus, clear that to the knowledge of the assessee / Trust, since last   about   21   years,   that   is   from   Assessment   year   1962­63   to Assessment year 1982­83, consistently, the Revenue is treating the income earned by the assessee / Trust as taxable income by holding that   the   income   earned   by   the   assessee   /   Trust   by   publishing newspaper   and   periodicals   is   not   the   income   exempt   from payment  of  the  income  tax.  Attempt  of  the  assessee / Trust  to show  that  its  income  is  exempt  from  the  liability  of  payment of income   tax,   taken   from the year 1962­63 onwards, consistently failed.   It is borne from the record that in November 1976 the learned ITAT decided appeals of the assessee / Trust in respect of the assessment years 1962­63  to  1970­71 rejecting  the claim  of  the assessee   /   Trust   for   having   earned   income   exempted   from   the liability  of  payment  of  income  tax,  on  the  presume  that  it being  a  charitable  Trust.  This  claim  of  the assessee / Trust came to be negated by holding that the income from activities relating to printing, publishing newspapers is not exempted under Section 11 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This makes it explicitly clear that the assessee / Trust   was   well   aware   of   the   fact   that   even   the avk 21/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc learned ITAT had given the verdict that the income earned by the assessee/Trust cannot be exempted from the liability of payment of income tax.  This verdict of the learned ITAT for the assessment years   1962­63   to   1970­71   was   very   much   available   to   the assessee/Trust in November 1976 itself. In the wake of this factual backdrop,   the   act   of   the   assessee/Trust   in   not   paying   self assessment tax by returning its income and filing “NIL” estimate of the advance tax cannot be said or termed as bonafide act.  If the assessee had taken due care and acted authentically or genuinely by keeping in its mind the verdict of the learned ITAT in respect of assessment years 1962­63 onwards, then it would not have acted in such a manner of declaring “NIL” estimate of the advance tax and non­payment of the self assessment tax while returning its income for the assessment year 1983­84. The excuse sought to be given by the assessee/Trust that it was swayed by the verdict of the   Apex   Court   in   the   matter   of  Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth Manufacturers Association (supra) appears to be a lame excuse in order to avoid the tax liability and depriving the Revenue its due share in the taxable income earned by the assessee/Trust. avk 22/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc The verdict in the said matter was pronounced long back on 19 th November   1979. Till   the   Assessment   Year   1983­84   the assessee/Trust could not demonstrate before the authorities of the Income Tax Department that in view of the ratio and judgment of the   Apex   Court   in   the   matter   of  Surat   Art   Silk   Cloth Manufacturers Association (supra), it is earning exempt income and   therefore   not   liable   to   pay   the   advance   tax   or   the   self assessment tax.  The ITAT while deciding appeals of earlier period has never held that the assessee/Trust earns exempt income, it being a charitable Trust, and therefore, not liable to pay income tax. 11 After decision of the ITAT in November 1976 in respect of assessment year 1962­63 to 1970­71 for subsequent years, the assessee/Trust   never   paid   advance   or   self   assessment   tax.     It appears that despite this fact the Revenue had not imposed any penalty on it.  This resulted in continuation of non­payment of the income tax by the assessee/Trust on the pretext that its income is exempt.   The   act   on   the   part   of   the   assessee/Trust   gives   an avk 23/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc indication that as the Revenue was not imposing any penalty on its income held to be taxable in past years, a modus was adopted to submit “NIL” estimate of the advance tax and non­payment of the self assessment tax, while filing return of its income.   The assessee/Trust ought not to have assumed for itself that it is not liable to pay tax on its income, particularly in the light of past verdicts of the authorities in its own matter.  Reversal of order of penalty for the assessment year 1982­83 by the CIT (Appeals) vide its   order   dated   30th  September   1987   is   of   no   avail   for   the assessment year 1983­84 with which we are concerned.  So also, non­levying penalty in the past years is no ground to conclude that the assessee/Trust was not having any reason to believe that the estimate of advance tax payable by it is untrue or that it had bonafide belief that income earned by it is an exempt income not liable to be taxed at the hands of the Revenue.  At this juncture, it is apposite to note that despite past orders of several authorities that the income earned by the assessee/Trust is liable for tax at the hands of the Revenue, even in the assessment year 1983­84 return of income came to be filed by the assessee/Trust without avk 24/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc paying self assessed tax but by making note in the statement of computation of income that the income is exempt under Section 11 of the I.T.Act, 1961. The assessee/Trust had given complete go bye to earlier decisions of the learned ITAT and other authorities in its own case which were available to the assessee/Trust from the assessment year 1962­63 onwards. 12 Section   140A(1)   of   the   Income   Tax   Act,   1961, contemplates payment of tax on the basis of any return required to be furnished.  The return contemplated under Section 140A is true and faithful return.  This means that the return must contain declaration regarding the income offered for the tax.  Though the assessee/Trust   was   knowing   from   its   past   experience   that   its income was liable for tax, despite filing the return under Section 139 of the I.T.Act, 1961, the same was not accompanied by proof of payment of the tax. Rather, no tax was paid prior to filing of the return of self assessment and only exempt came to be claimed.  In view of the fact that the assessee/Trust was earning income and it was made subjected to payment of tax by the Revenue, the act of avk 25/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc the assessee/Trust cannot be said to be genuine or bonafide act. Till the assessment year 1983­84, the claim of the assessee/Trust that in the light of verdict of the Apex Court in the matter of Surat Art   Silk   Cloth   Manufacturers   Association   (supra),  income earned by it is exempted from the liability of payment of the tax was never upheld by the authorities under the I.T.Act, 1961. The petitioner cannot interpret the finding of Apex Court erroneously and say it bonafidely believed that its income is exempted. As such,   by   no   stretch   of   imagination   it   can   be   said   that   the assessee/Trust   was   acting   bonafidely   having   belief   that   it   is earning an exempt income, and therefore, the assessee/Trust is not liable either to pay advance tax or the self assessment tax. 13 It is relevant to note that while confirming the penalty levied on the assessee/Trust under Section 273(2)(a) as well as under Section 140A(3) of the Income Tax Act 1961, the learned ITAT has thoroughly examined the matter and concluded that as for last forty years, income of the assessee/Trust was held to be taxable by several decisions rendered by the Tribunal which were avk 26/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc not   upset   till   then,   there   is   no   scope   for   holding   that   the assessee/Trust was prevented by a reasonable cause from filing its estimate of advance tax and in not paying the tax on the basis of self assessment.   The learned ITAT further held that there is no provision   in   law   to   conclude   that   the   penalty   under   Section 140A(3) cannot be imposed if the proceedings were not initiated during the course  of original assessment or that the return came to be filed under Section 239 of the I.T.Act, 1961. The learned ITAT further held that even if the claim is for an exemption being a charitable society, the society is bound to file its return under section 139(4)(a), if its income without  taking into account the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 is above the taxable limit.  The learned ITAT held that the assessee/Trust is not covered by the provisions of Section 2(15) of the I.T.Act, 1961 and hence the return cannot be considered as one filed under Section 239 of the I.T.Act, 1961. We do not find any illegality or perversity in such finding.   It   cannot   be   said   that   the   assessee/Trust   was   under bonafide belief that its activities were nontaxable and therefore there was no reason for it to believe that its estimate of advance avk 27/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc tax was untrue or that it was under bonafide and reasonable belief that its income is exempt.  To our mind, that which an ordinary person of average intelligence and sound mind would believe is a reasonable belief.  Existence of reasonable basis to believe is sine­ qua­non for ascertaining whether a person had reasonable belief. However, in the case in hand, as held by the learned ITAT, for more than forty years, income of the assessee/Trust was being held as a taxable income by the authorities and it could not get benefit of the judgment of the Apex Court in Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers   Association   (supra)  till   the   assessment   year 1983­84 upon consideration of its case on factual premises.   As such, it cannot be held that the assessee/Trust had compelling reason to consider its income as exempt from the tax liability.  The history   of   this   assessee/Trust   with   repeated   non­compliance despite orders of the learned ITAT must weigh negatively on the assessee   bonafides.     The   length   of   period   during   which   the assessee/Trust was denied benefit of exemption does not allow us to hold that the assessee/Trust had reasonable belief to consider its   income   entitled   for   exemption,   resulting   in   consequential avk 28/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47

ITR-66-2000.doc actions of filing “NIL” estimate of advance tax and non­payment of the self assessment tax. 14 In the light of foregoing discussion, we hold that the ITAT was justified in allowing the appeals of the Revenue and confirming  penalty  levied  on  the  assessee/Trust  under Section 273(2)(a) and under Section 140A(3) of the I.T.Act, 1961. 15 In this view of the matter, the reference is answered in Affirmative. (A. M. BADAR, J.) (S.V.GANGAPURWALA), J.) avk 29/29 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:50:47 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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