COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (IT)-3 vs. MASHREQ BANK PSC,

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ITXA/59/2017HC Bombay16 April 2019Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE AKIL KURESHI, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE SARANG VIJAYKUMAR KOTWAL25 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The Tribunal held that Section 115JB, as it stood prior to its amendment by the Finance Act, 2012, was not applicable to a banking company. The reasoning was based on the interpretation of Section 129(1) proviso and Section 115JB(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 2013, and the memorandum explaining the Finance Bill, 2012. The Tribunal found that the amendments made by the Finance Act, 2012, were substantive and prospective, not declaratory or classificatory. Explanation 3 to Section 115JB(2) was considered a clarificatory amendment for removal of doubts, but it did not cure a defect without retrospective amendment, which was not done. The Tribunal answered Question No. 2 in favour of the assessee. Consequently, the correctness of the rectification order (Question No. 1) became unimportant, and it was not answered. All appeals were dismissed.

What were the facts?

The appeals concern the applicability of Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to banking companies. In ITXA No. 1196 of 2013, the Assessing Officer (AO) for Assessment Year 2005-06 initially computed book profit under Section 115JB. Subsequently, the AO passed a rectification order under Section 154 to give effect to a retrospective amendment in Section 115JB, revising the book profit. The Commissioner (Appeals) granted partial relief. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) allowed the assessee's appeal, holding that the AO wrongly exercised rectification powers and that Section 115JB was not applicable to the assessee-bank, relying on a coordinate bench's decision for AY 2006-07. The revenue has appealed this decision.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the ITAT was correct in reversing the order of the Assessing Officer, confirmed by the CIT(A), exercising jurisdiction under Section 154 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, in determining book profits as per the amendment to Section 115JB? 2. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the ITAT was correct in holding that the provisions of Section 115JB are not applicable to the assessee-bank? Assessee's Contentions: The assessee argued that the AO could not have exercised rectification powers. Additionally, as a banking company, the provisions of Section 115JB were not applicable. The assessee relied on a coordinate bench decision for AY 2006-07. The assessee also contended that amendments to Section 115JB by the Finance Act, 2012, were substantive legislative changes and applied prospectively, and that Explanation 3 to Section 115JB(2) was a clarificatory amendment for removal of doubts, not a retrospective one. Revenue's Contentions: The revenue argued that the ITAT's view was unsustainable. They contended that Section 115JB is clear and applies to all companies, including banking companies. The revenue further argued that amendments made by the Finance Act, 2012, did not alter the legal position that Section 115JB applied to banking companies prior to these amendments.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 115JB,Section 154,Section 143(3),Section 129,Section 211

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

IN  THE HIGH  COURT OF JUDICATURE  AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1196  OF 2013 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1175  OF 2013

The Commissioner of  Income Tax­LTU … Appellant V/s. Union Bank of India … Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.59  OF 2017

Commissioner of  Income Tax(IT)­3 … Appellant V/s. Mashreq Bank psc … Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1567  OF 2016 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1309  OF 2016 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.143  OF 2018 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1907  OF 2017 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1878  OF 2017 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.182  OF 2015

Pr. Commissioner of  Income Tax­2 … Appellant V/s. Bank of India … Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.1108  OF 2015

Pr. Commissioner of  Income Tax­3 … Appellant CNR No : HCBM020218092016 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 V/s. M/s The New  India Assurance  Co.Ltd. … Respondent

WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.27  OF 2016

Commissioner of  Income Tax(IT)­2 … Appellant V/s. Credit  Agricole Corporate  and Investment Bank… Respondent

­­­ Mr.Suresh   Kumar   for   the   Appellant   in   ITXA   Nos.1196/13, 1175/13,   1108/15,   1309/16,   1567/16,   182/15,   1878/17, 1907/17 and 143/18. Mr.Percy Pardiwalla, Senior  Counsel with Ms.Nupur Awasthi with Ms.Usha K.Srivastava i/by M/s Consulta Juris for the Respondent in ITXA Nos.1196/13 and 1175/13. Mr.Tejveer Singh for  the Appellant in ITXA Nos.59/17 and 27/16. Mr.Percy Pardiwalla, Senior   Counsel with Mr.Madhur Agrawal i/by Mr.Atul Jsani for the Respondent in ITXA Nos. 59/17 and 27/16. Mr.Atul Jasani for the Respondent in ITXA No.1108/15. Mr.Subhash   Shetty   for the respondent   in ITXA Nos. 1309/16, 1567/16, 1878/17, 1907/17 and 143/18. Mr.Sanjiv Shah   for  the Respondent in ITXA 182/15. ­­­ CORAM :  AKIL KURESHI AND SARANG V. KOTWAL,  JJ. DATE   :   APRIL 16, 2019. ORAL JUDGMENT :­

1.

In   these appeals common questions of law arise. Some of the   appeals   have   been   admitted.   Some   have   been   tagged   on Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 account of  similarity  of issues though they  are at the admission stage. For convenience,   we may record   facts from Income Tax Appeal   No.1196   of   2013. This   appeal     was   admitted     for consideration of following questions of law:­ “(i) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances  of the case and in law, the ITAT is correct is reversing the order of   Assessing Officer   confirmed by the CIT(A),   exercising the jurisdiction  u/s.154 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, determining  the  Book Profits  as per the amendment  to  Section 115JB? (ii) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances of the case and in law the ITAT is correct in holding that the  provision of Section 115JB  are not applicable to the assessee­Bank?”

2.

For   all   the   appeals   we   would   adopt   the   above   quoted questions as  substantial  questions of law.

3.

Respondent­Union  Bank of India had filed return of income for the assessment year 2005­06. The Assessing Officer passed order of assessment under Section 143(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (“the Act” for short) on  23rd March,  2007 computing the assessee’s    taxable     income   at   Rs.412.41   crores  (rounded off) under the normal provisions and Rs.431.15 crores as book profit Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 under Section  115JB of the  Act. The Assessing Officer  thereafter passed an order dated 25th  March, 2010   of rectification to give effect  to a retrospective amendment in Section 115JB of the Act. He computed the assessee’s   revised   book profit at Rs.374.21 crores.

4.

The assessee  carried the matter in appeal. In such appeal, the assessee   opposed the assessment order on merits, including the  order passed by the Assessing Officer exercising   rectification powers. CIT (Appeals)   granted partial relief by his order dated 27th March, 2012. 5. Against   such   order   of   the   Commissioner   (Appeals),   the assessee preferred further appeal  before   Income  Tax Appellate Tribunal   (“Tribunal”   for   short).   In   such   appeal,   the     assessee contended that the  Assessing Officer  could not  have exercised rectification powers. The assessee raised an additional   ground that being  a banking  company,  the provisions of Section 115JB of the Act  would not  be  applicable. The Tribunal allowed such appeal  by the impugned judgment dated  22nd March,  2012. The Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 Tribunal  was of the opinion  that the Assessing Officer wrongly exercised powers of rectification. The Tribunal further noted that the   co­ordinate   bench   in   the     assessee’s     own   case   for   the assessment year  2006­07  had held that the provisions of Section 115JB of the Act, were  not applicable to the assessee­bank.  The Tribunal  held as under :­ “7. We have  considered  the issue.  There is no doubt that the assessment   orders under section 143(3)   were passed   in these years under which total   income   was   determined   under   normal provisions   and book provisions   of section 115JB were not invoked. The issues which are considered in normal assessment  are still pending  before the ITAT  for adjudication,whereas the Assessing Officer under the guise of section 154 disallowed certain amounts revising the book profits. However, even after   making   these   adjustments,   the   tax   under normal   provisions   was   determined   at   Rs.328.07 cores, whereas the tax under section 115JB   was determined at Rs.72.02 crores for assessment years 2004­05   and   tax   under   normal     provisions   was determined   at   Rs.150.91   crores   under   normal provisions   and   tax   under   section   115JB     at Rs.28.06 crores under section 115JB. Ultimately the taxes were determined under normal   provisions without exercising the provisions of section 115JB. In that view, the entire exercises of modifying the orders is redundant as even after such adjustment, the tax determined under the  normal provisions  is more than  the  tax that are being  determined  by this order  under section 154. 8. Be that as it may, just because a retrospective amendment has been carried out on the statue, the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 assessment  cannot be modified without examining whether   the   provisions   so   made   are   to   be disallowed   or   not.   This   requires   detailed examination   and   in   fact   as   for   the   submissions made   before   the   authorities,   the   assessee   had appeared before the   Assessing Officer   furnishing various   details   and   how   the   amounts   cannot   be disallowed.   Since   this   requires   claborate examination  on a long run process, we are of the opinion     that   the   orders   cannot   be   modified   by invoking the provisions of   section 154. Not only that the Coordinate Bench in assessee's  own  case in assessment   year 2006­07   has  held  that  the provisions of section 115JB   are not applicable to the assessee Bank. In view of this, we hold that the order under section 154 passed by the Assessing Officer is not  correct and  therefore,  the same was set aside.   Accordingly assessee's     grounds in the above 2 years are allowed.”

6.

Against  this  judgment,  the revenue has  filed this appeal. Appearing for the revenue learned counsel submitted that the view expressed by the Tribunal is not sustainable in law.  The provisions of     Section   115JB     are   sufficiently   clear   and     apply     to   all companies. Admittedly, respondent­bank is a company. Provisions of Section 115JB would be applicable to such companies  also. He submitted that the amendments made in Section 115JB of the Act under   Finance Act, 2012   would have no effect on this legal position.    These   amendments   have been made  only to alien Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 the   position   of   the   special   companies   such   as   the   banking companies, electricity companies etc. with the provisions of   the Income Tax Act. These amendments in no way   suggest     that prior to such legislative changes, the  provisions of Section 115JB of the Act were not   applicable to the banking companies   and such other special companies.

7.

On the other  hand,  learned counsel  Shri Pardiwalla  led arguments   on   behalf   of   the   assessee.   He   submitted   that   the mechanism provided for  computing  book  profit in terms of sub­ section   (2)   of   Section   115JB   of   the   Act   would   be   wholly unworkable    for a banking company.    He  submitted  that  this anomaly   was removed by the   legislature   only by amending Section   115JB     by   Finance   Act,   2012. Till   then   the   banking companies  were not  within the fold of Section 115JB  of the Act. He   submitted   that   when   the   machinery     provision     fails,   the charging     section shall have no applicability. Counsel relied on certain  decisions, reference to which will be  made at appropriate stage. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31

8.

In order to resolve  the  controversy, we may  take note of the statutory  provisions  and  the legislative  history. As is well known, Section 115JB  of the Act,  pertains to  special provisions for payment of tax by certain companies and  provides a formula for payment of minimum   tax in case of companies, whose tax payable on the   total income   works out to be below a   certain minimum     threshhold   percentage   of   its   book   profit.     This provision is  a successor  to Section 115JA of the Act, which was also introduced for the same purpose.  In fact, the first legislative introduction of the provisions  pertaining  to  what is  popularly referred to  as MAT  companies (Minimum Alternative Tax) was Section 115J. The Circular No.762   dated 18th  February, 1998 issued by the Central   Board of Direct Tax (“CBDT” for short) explains the object for  introduction of such  MAT provisions. The circular  clarifies  that new Section 115JA has been inserted  by the Finance Act,  so as to levy a minimum  tax on companies,  who are having book profits and paying dividends, but not  paying any taxes.   Relevant   portion of Section 115JB as is   stood at the relevant time reads as under:­ “Special provision for payment of tax by certain Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 companies 115JB.(1)Notwithstanding   anything   contained   in any other provision of this  Act, where in the case of  an assessee, being a company, the income­tax, payable on the total income as computed under this Act in respect of any previous year relevant to the assessment   year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, (2007) is less than  (ten percent) of its  book profit, (such)  book profit shall be deemed to be the total income of the assessee and the tax payable by the assessee on such total income shall be the amount of income­tax   at the rate of (ten percent). (2)   Every assessee,   being a company, shall, for the purposes of this section, prepare its profit and loss   account   for   the   relevant   previous   year   in accordance  with the provisions  of Parts II and III of Schedule VI to the  Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) Provided that while  preparing the annual accounts including profit and loss account,­ (i)  the accounting  polices, (ii) the accounting standards adopted for preparing such accounts including  profit and loss account; (iii) the method and rates adopted for calculating the depreciation, shall be the same  as have been adopted  for the purpose of   preparing such   accounts   including profit     and   loss     account   and   laid   before   the company     at   its     annual   general   meeting     in accordance  with the provisions of section 210  of the  Companies Act,  1956(1 of  1956): Provided   further   that   where   the   company   has adopted   or adopts the financial year under the Companies   Act,     1956(1   of   1956),   which   is different from the previous  year under this Act,­ (i) the account policies; (ii) the accounting standards adopted for preparing such accounts  including  profit and  loss account; Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 (iii) the method  and rates adopted for calculating the depreciation, shall   correspond   to   the   accounting   policies, accounting   standards and the   method and rates for calculating  the  depreciation which have been adopted for   preparing such accounts   including profit  and  loss account for financial year  or  part of such  financial year falling  within the relevant previous  year.”

9.

In terms of sub­section (1) of Section 115JB of the Act  thus notwithstanding   anything contained in any of the provisions of the Act in case of   an   assessee   being   a company where   the income tax payable  on the total income as computed under the Act, is less than   prescribed percentage of its book profit,   such book  profit   shall  be     deemed  to   be     the   total  income   of the assessee. In so far as the  language  used under sub­section (1) of Section 115JB is concerned,  the same pauses no challenge.  Sub­ section (1) of Section 115JB  takes within  its swip  all companies with   no   further   bifurcation   or   distinction   between   companies. However,   the   question     that   calls     for     our   consideration     is whether the machinery provision  provided under sub­section (2) of Section 115 JB of the Act is workable when it comes to the banking  companies and such other  special companies  governed Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 by the respective Acts. In the context,  the question would also be of the  legislative  intent to cover such companies  within the swip of Section 115JB of the Act. These questions  arise  because  of the language     used     in   sub­section   (2)   of     Section   115JB.   These provisions we  may peruse  more minutely. As per sub­section (2) of Section 115JB, every  assessee  being a company  would for the purposes of the said section  prepare its profit and loss  account for the  relevant  previous year in accordance with the provisions of Parts II and III of Schedule VI  of the  Companies Act, 1956. It is undisputed     that   the   respondent­a   banking   company   is   not required to prepare its accounts in accordance  with the provisions of Parts II and III of Schedule VI  of the Companies Act,  1956. The accounts   of   the   banking   company   are   prepared     as   per   the provisions contained in Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The counsel for   the   revenue   may   still   argue   that     irrespective   of   such requirements,   for   the   purposes     of   the   said   Act   and     special requirements  of Section 115JB of the Act, a banking  company  is obliged to prepare its profit and loss account as per the  provisions of the Companies Act, as mandated by sub­section (2) of Section 115JB of the Act. His contention would be that such legislative Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 mandate is not impermissible.

10.

At   the   first     blush,     this   argument   seems   attractive. However,     when   we   read   sub­section   (2)   further,   certain complications arise in this line of argument. The first proviso to sub­section (2) of Section 115JB   provides that while preparing annual accounts including profit and loss account the accounting policies   and   accounting   standards   adopted   for   preparing     the account  and the method  and rules  adopted in calculating  the depreciation   shall   be   the   same   as  have   been   adopted  for   the purpose of preparing such accounts  and  laid before the company at its Annual General Meeting in accordance with provisions of Section 210 of the Companies Act, 1956. There is no dispute that the respondent­bank in terms of Section 210   of the Companies Act, 1956  is also required to lay its accounts before the Annual General Meeting.  However,  such accounts would necessarily be prepared   in   accordance   with   the   provisions   of     Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and  never be those which  even had it been possible to be prepared, in accordance with Parts II and III of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. The applicability   of this Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 proviso     therefore,   in   case   of     a   banking   company     would immediately   create   complications.     On   one   hand,   in   terms   of Section 210 of the Companies Act, 1956, the bank would be under an obligation to lay before Annual General Meeting its annual accounts including   the  profit and loss account. These accounts would  be  prepared  in terms provisions contained   in  Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Sub­section (2)   requires   preparation of the accounts in terms of the Companies Act. Proviso to sub­section (2) would require maintaining the same  parameters in relation to the accounting policies, accounting standards and method and rate of depreciation as adopted  for the purpose of  preparing  the accounts,   which   would   ultimately   be   laid   before   the     Annual General  Meeting.  A  Banking company in terms of sub­section (2) of   Section   115JB   can     prepare   additional     accounts   as   per provisions of Parts II and  III of Schedule  VI of the  Companies Act or fulfill the requirements of the proviso to sub­section (2)   but cannot  fulfill  both the conditions.

11.

This   legal   dichotomy   emerging   from the   provisions of sub­section (2) of Section 115JB  particularly  having  regard to Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 the first proviso  contained  therein in case of a banking  company, would convince us that   machinery provision provided in sub­ section (2) of section 115JB  of the Act, would  be rendered wholly unworkable   in such a situation. In a well known judgment the Supreme   court   in   case   of  Commissioner   of   Income­Tax, Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 contents of balance­sheet and  profit and loss account, sub­section (1) of Section 211 provided that every balance sheet of a company shall give true and  fair view on the  state of affairs of the company at the   end of the financial year and   would be subject to the provisions  of the  said section and be in the form  set out in the Forms 1 and 2   of schedule VI. This sub­section contained   a proviso providing that nothing   contained in said   sub­section would apply to  a banking company  or any company engaged in generation   or   supply     of   electricity   or     to   any   other   class   of company for which  a form of  balance sheet  shall be specified in or under the Act governing  such company.  Thus, Companies Act, 1956 excluded   the insurance or banking companies, companies engaged in  generation or supply of electricity or companies  for which balance­sheet   was specified  in the governing Act,  from the   purview of  sub­section (1) of Section 211 of the Companies Act, 1956 and as a consequence   from the purview of Section 115JB of the Act.

13.

What we have held above is duly supported by the division bench  judgment  of  Kerala  High Court. It was a case in which the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 assessee before the court was Kerala State Electricity   Board,   a statutory corporation constituted under Section 5 of the  Electricity (Supply)   Act,   1948. The   revenue   sought   to   cover   the     said Electricity  Board  under the provisions  of Section 115JB which the assessee  opposed. The issue reached the Kerala  High Court. The   Court   referred   to   and   relied   upon     the   decision   of     the Supreme Court in case of  B.C. Shrinivasa  Setty (supra). It was noticed that the Board was required to keep and maintain its account in the manner specified  by the Central Government and not in the manner  specified in the Companies Act. In that view of the matter it was held that section 115JB would not apply  to the Electricity   Board.     Learned  counsel   for  the     assessee   has  also brought to our notice decisions of Delhi High Court holding that such MAT provisions would not  apply to the insurance  companies and  to the banking companies.

14.

There are certain significant legislative   changes made by Finance Act, 2012, which must be noted before  concluding  this issue. In the present form,   post amendment   by   Finance Act, 2012,   relevant portion of Section 115JB       of the Act reads as Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 under:­ “Special     provision   for   payment   of   tax   by certain  companies. 115JB. (1) Notwithstanding anything  contained in any other provision of this payable  on the total income  as computed under this Act in respect of any    previous  year   relevant   to  the   assessment year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, (2012),   is   less   than   (eighteen   and   one­half percent) of its book  profit, (such book profit shall be deemed to be  the total income of the assessee and the tax payable by the assessee on such total income  shall be the amount of  income­tax at the rate of (eighteen and one­half percent). (2)  Every  assessee,­ (a)   being   a   company,   other   than   a   company referred to  in clause (b),  shall,  for the purposes of this section, prepare its (statement of   profit and     loss)   for     the   relevant   previous   year   in accordance with the provisions  of (Schedule III) to the (Companies Act, 2013 (18  of 2013); or (b)   being   a   company,   to   which   the   (second proviso to sub­section (1) of  section 129)  of the (Companies   Act,   2013   (18   of     2013)     is applicable, shall, for the purposes of this section, prepare its (statement of profit  and loss) for  the relevant   previous year in accordance with the provisions of the Act governing such company:) Provided   that   while   preparing   the   annual accounts including (statement of profit and loss),­ (i)    the accounting policies; (ii)   the   accounting   standards   adopted   for preparing such accounts including  (statement of profit and loss); (iii)   the   method   and   rates   adopted     for calculating the depreciation, shall be  the same as have been adopted for the purpose of preparing   such   accounts including Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 (statement of profit and loss)  and laid before  the company   at   its   annual   general   meeting   in accordance with the provisions of  (section 129) of the (Companies Act,  2013(18 of  2013)):”

15.

The memorandum explaining   the provisions made   in the Finance Bill, 2012, in relation to minimum alternative tax stated as under :­ “Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) I. Under the   existing   provisions of section 115JB   of the Act, a company is liable   to pay MAT of eighteen  and on half  percent of its book profit in case  tax on its total income  computed under the provisions of the Act is  less than the MAT   liability.  Book  profit     for  this  purpose   is computed  by  making certain adjustments to the profit   disclosed   in   the   profit   and   loss   account prepared  by the company in accordance with the Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. As   per   section   115JB,   every   company   is required to prepare its accounts as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. However, as per the   provisions   of   the   Companies   Act,   1956, certain   companies,   e.g.   insurance,   banking   or electricity company, are allowed to prepare their profit and loss account in accordance with the provisions specified in their regulatory Acts.   In order to align the provisions of Income­tax Act with the Companies Act, 1956, it is  proposed to amend   section   115JB   to   provide   that   the companies which are not required under section 211 of the Companies Act to prepare their profit and loss account in accordance with  Schedule VI of   the   Companies   Act,   1956,   profit   and   loss account   prepared   in   accordance   with   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 provisions of their regulatory Acts shall be taken as a basis for computing the book profit under section 115JB. II. It is noted that in certain cases, the amount standing   in   the   revaluation   reserve   is   taken directly   to   general   reserve   on   disposal   of   a revalued   asset.   Thus,   the   gains   attributable   to revaluation of the asset is not subject to MAT liability. It is,  therefore, proposed to amend  section 115JB   to   provide   that   the   book   profit   for   the purpose of section 115JB shall be increased by the amount standing in the revaluation reserve relating   to   the   revalued   asset   which   has   been retired or disposed, if the same is not credited to the profit and loss account. III. It is also  proposed to omit  the reference of Part   III of  Schedule   VI  of  the   Companies  Act, 1956 from section 115JB in view of omission of Part   III   in   the   revised   Schedule   VI   under   the Companies Act, 1956. These amendments will take effect from 1st April,   2013   and   will,   accordingly,     apply   in relation   to   the   assessment     year   2013­14   and subsequent  assessment years.”

16.

It can be seen that  sub­section (2) of Section 115JB of the Act  has now  been  bifurcated in two parts covered in the clauses (a) and (b). Clause (a) would cover all companies other than those referred to  in clause (b).  Such companies would  prepare the statement  of profit and  loss in accordance to the provisions of   schedule   III   of   the   Companies   Act,   2013   (which   has   now Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 replaced the old Companies  Act, 1956).  Clause (b)  refers to  a company  to which second proviso to sub­section (1) of  Section 129  of the Companies Act, 2013 is applicable.  Such companies, for the purpose of  Section 115JB,  would  prepare the  statement of   profit and loss in accordance with the provisions of the Act governing  the company. Section 129 of the Companies Act,  2013 pertains to  financial  statement.  Under sub­section (1) of  Section 129  it is provided that the financial statement  shall give a true and fair view  of the  state of affairs of the company, comply with the  accounting  standard notified  under Section 113  and shall be in   the   form   as     may   be   provided     for   different     classes   of companies. Second proviso to sub­section (1) of Section 129 reads as under:­ “Provided further that nothing contained in this sub­section shall apply to any insurance or banking company   or   any   company   engaged   in   the generation or supply of electricity, or to any other class  of company  for  which  a form  of  financial statement has been specified in or under the Act governing such class of company:

17.

This proviso thus refers any insurance  or banking companies or companies engaged in the generation or supply  of electricity Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 or   to   any   other   class   of   company   in   which   form   of   financial statement has been specified in or under the Act governing   such class of company. Combined reading of  this proviso to sub­section (1)   of Section   129   of the Act,   2013   and clause (b) of sub­ section (2) of Section 115JB of the Act would show that in case of insurance   or   banking   companies   or   companies   engaged   in generation or supply of   electricity or   class of companies for whom   financial   statement   has   been   specified   under   the   Act governing   such   company,   the   requirement   of   preparing   the statement of accounts in  terms of provisions of  the Companies Act, is not made. Clause (b)  of sub­section (2) provides  that in case of such companies   for the purpose of Section 115JB   the preparation of statement of  profit and loss account would be  in accordance   with   the   provisions   of   the   Act   governing     such companies.  This legislative  change thus aliens  class of companies who  under the governing  Acts  were required to prepare  profit and loss accounts not in accordance with the  Companies Act, but in accordance with the provisions contained in such governing Act. The earlier dichotomy  of such  companies  also,  if we accept the revenue's contention, having the obligation of preparing  accounts Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 as per the  provisions of  the Companies Act has been removed.

18.

These amendments in section 115JB are neither declaratory nor classificatory but make substantive and significant legislative changes   which   are     admittedly   applied     prospectively.   The memorandum  explaining  the provision of the Finance Bill, 2012 while explaining the  amendments under Section  115JB of the Act notes that in case of certain companies such as insurance, banking and electricity  companies,  they are allowed to prepare the  profit and loss account in accordance with the   sections   specified in their  regulatory  Acts.   To  align     the   Income   Tax   Act   with the Companies  Act, 1956  it was  decided  to amend Section 115JB to provide that the companies which are not required under Section 211 of the Companies Act, to  prepare  profit and loss account in accordance  with  Schedule VI of the Companies Act,  profit and loss account  prepared  in  accordance  with the provisions of  their regulatory Act  shall be  taken as basis for computing book profit under Section 115 JB of the Act.

19.

Before   closing, we may also take note of explanation (3) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 below sub­section (2) of section 115 JB of the Act which reads as under :­ “Explanation   3­For   the   removal   of   doubts,   it   is hereby   clarified     that   for   the   purposes   of   this section, the  assessee, being  a company  to which the proviso to  sub­section (2) of section 211 of  the Companies Act,   1956(1 of   1956)   is applicable, has,   for   an   assessment   year   commencing   on   or before   the 1st  day of April, 2012, an option to prepare its profit and loss account for the relevant previous   year   either   in   accordance     with   the provisions of Part II  and Part III  of Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 or in accordance  with the provisions  of the Act governing  such company.”

20.

This   explanation   starts   with   the   expression

“For   the  removal of doubts”.    It  declares  that    for the purpose of the said section in case of   an assessee­company to which second proviso   to section 129 (1) of the Companies Act, 2013 is applicable, would have  an option  for the assessment year commencing     on   or   before     1st  April,     2012   to   prepare   its statement   of   profit   and   loss     either     in   accordance   with   the provisions  of   schedule   III     to   the   Companies   Act,   2013   or   in accordance   with   the   provisions   of   the   Act   governing   such company. To  our  mind, this is some what curious provision. In Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 the original form, sub­section (2) of section 115JB of the Act did not   offer any   such option to   a banking company,   insurance company or   electricity company to   prepare its profit and loss account at its choice either in terms of its governing Act or    as per terms of   Section 115JB of the Act. Secondly, by virtue of   this explanation  if an anomaly which we have noticed is  sought  to be removed, we do not  think that the legislature  has achieved such purpose.   In     plain     terms,   this   is   not   a   case   of   retrospective legislative amendment. It is stated to be clarificatory  amendment for removal of doubts. When the plain language of sub­section (2) of Section 115JB  did not  permit  any ambiguity,  we  do not think the legislature by  introducing   a clarificatory   or   declaratory amendment   cure a defect   without   resorting   to retrospective amendment, which in  the present case has admittedly not been done.

21.

In the   result, we hold that sub­section 115JB as it stood prior to  its amendment  by virtue of Finance Act,  2012, would not be applicable  to a banking company. We answer the question No.2 in favour of the assessee and  against the  revenue. In view of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:32:31 this, question of correctness of the order of rectification passed by the   Assessing   Officer   becomes   unimportant.   Question   No.1   is therefore not   answered. All the appeals  are dismissed. (SARANG V. KOTWAL, J.) (AKIL KURESHI, J.) ….

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