THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX vs. M/S ZUARI AGRO CHEMICALS LTD. and ANR.

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TXA/29/2002HC BombayHCBM05002295200222 August 2005Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE R. M. LODHA,N. A. BRITTO16 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the substantial question of law is answered in the negative, in favour of the assessee. The Court agreed with the view that the Legislature made a clear distinction between a 'statement' required under Section 209A(1)(a) and an 'estimate' required under other sub-sections of Section 209A. When an assessee files a statement under Section 209A(1)(a), they are not required to estimate their current income; instead, they calculate advance tax based on the total income returned or assessed, whichever is higher. Section 216, which provides for interest in case of underestimate, is attracted only when an assessee is required to estimate their current income and that estimate turns out to be an underestimate. Since the assessee in this case was required to file a statement under Section 209A(1)(a) for the first and second instalments and not an estimate, the question of underestimating the advance tax for these instalments did not arise, and therefore, Section 216 could not be invoked. The appeal was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Zuari Agro Chemicals Ltd., filed a statement of advance tax payable under Section 209A(1) of the Income Tax Act for Assessment Year 1987-88 on June 13, 1986. This statement was based on the total income returned for Assessment Year 1985-86, as it was higher than the assessed income. The assessee paid the first and second instalments of advance tax on June 15, 1986, and September 15, 1986, respectively, amounting to Rs. 1,33,66,600 each. Subsequently, on February 13, 1986, the assessee filed a revised estimate of advance tax, paying an enhanced amount before December 15, 1986. The initial instalments were computed on an income of Rs. 8,08,88,420, while the revised estimate was based on an income of Rs. 10,27,56,000. The Assessing Officer imposed interest of Rs. 4,18,772 under Section 216 for underestimating advance tax. The Commissioner (Appeals) set aside this order, and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal upheld the Commissioner's decision. The Revenue appealed to the High Court.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, by filing a statement under Section 209A, the assessee underestimated the advance tax payable, thereby reducing the amount payable in either of the first two instalments, and is consequently liable to pay interest under Section 216 of the Income Tax Act? Assessee's Contention: The assessee argued that Section 216 is attracted only when an assessee is required to estimate their current income and such an estimate is found to be an underestimate. Since the assessee was required to file a 'statement' under Section 209A(1)(a) and not an 'estimate' for the first two instalments, the question of underestimating the income, and thus attracting Section 216, did not arise. They relied on the distinction made by the legislature between 'statement' and 'estimate' in various sections of the Act, including Section 209A itself, Section 218(1)(a), and Section 273. Revenue's Contention: The revenue contended that the assessee had underestimated the advance tax payable by filing a statement based on a lower income, which subsequently proved to be incorrect, thus warranting interest under Section 216.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 209A,Section 216,Section 218,Section 273

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY AT GOA TAX APPEAL NO. 29 OF 2002. The Commissioner of Income Tax, having office at Aayakar Bhavan Pattol, Panaji, Goa.                                                 ....                    Appellant. VERSUS M/s. Zuari Agro Chemicals Ltd. Jai Kishan Bhavan,  Zuarinagar, Goa.                                         ....                   Respondent. Shri S. R. Rivonkar, Advocate for the Appellant. Shri P.J. Pardiwalla with Shri S.D. Bhobe, Advocates for the Respondent.                                                              CORAM:  R.M. LODHA &                                                                            N.A. BRITTO, JJ.                                                               DATE:   22    nd   AUGUST, 2005.

ORAL JUDGMENT: (PER R. M. LODHA, J.) Heard Shri S.R. Rivonkar,   learned counsel for the Revenue and Shri P. J. Pardiwalla, the learned counsel for the Assessee.

2.

This Tax Appeal was admitted on 24th June, 2002 on the following substantial question of law :­ “  Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, by   filing   a   statement   under 2 section   209A,   the   assessee   has underestimated the advance tax payable by him thereby reducing the amount payable in either of the   first   two   instalments   and hence liable to pay interest under Section 216 of IT Act ? ”

3.

The aforesaid substantial question of law arises in the facts and circumstances that may be briefly noticed first. On 13.6.1986 the Assessee filed a statement of advance tax payable under Section 209A(1) of the Income Tax Act  in Form No.28A for the assessment year 1987­88. The said  statement was filed by the assessee on the basis of the total income returned by the assessee in the return of the income for the assessment year 1985­86 as it was higher than assessed income.    On 15.6.1986 the assessee paid  first instalment of advance tax amounting to Rs.1,33,66,600/­.  The second instalment of advance tax in the sum of Rs.1,33,66,600/­ was also paid on 15.9.1986 by the assessee. On 13.2.1986 the assessee filed a revised estimate of advance tax and paid the enhanced amount of advance tax before 15.12.1986. The first and second instalments of advance tax were computed on the basis of income of Rs.8,08,88,420/­.  By the revised estimate the advance tax was paid by the assessee on the estimated income of Rs.10,27,56,000/­.  The Assessing Officer by his Order dated 25th March, 1991 held that the assessee under­ estimated the advance tax and accordingly imposed interest under Section 216 of the Income Tax Act.   The amount of interest was computed at 3 Rs.4,18,772/­.     Aggrieved   by   the   order   of   the   Assessing   Officer,   the Revenue   preferred   appeal   before   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax (Appeals) Central 1, Mumbai.  The appellate authority set aside the order of   the   Assessing   Officer   and   deleted   the   interest   by   his   Order   dated 9.8.1991. Upset by the order of the appellate authority, the Revenue preferred further appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.  The Income   Tax   Appellate   Tribunal,   by   its   Order   dated   31st  July,   2001 maintained the order of the first appellate authority.   Hence this appeal under Section 260A by the Revenue.

4.

Section 209A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 as was existing at the relevant time reads thus:­ “ 209A.   Computation   and payment of advance tax by assessee. ­ (1)   Every   person   shall,   in   each financial year, on or before the date on which the first instalment, or where he has   not   previously   been   assessed   by way of regular assessment under this Act, on or before the date on which the last instalment of advance tax is due in his   case   under   sub­section   (1)   of section 211, if his  current income is likely to exceed the amount specified in sub­section (2) of section 208, send to the Income­tax Officer ­ (a) where he has been previously assessed by way of regular assessment under this Act, a statement of advance tax payable by him computed in the manner laid down in clause(a) or, as the   case   may   be,   sub­clause   (i)   of 4 clause (d) of sub­section (1) of section 209, or (b) where he has not previously been   assessed   by   way   of   regular assessment under this Act, an estimate of ­ (i)the current income, and (ii)the   advance   tax   payable   by him   on   the   current   income down in section 209, and shall pay such amount of advance tax, ­

(I) in a case falling under clause (a), as accords with the statement in equal instalments on the dates applicable in his case under section 211; and (II) in a case falling under clause (b), as accords with the estimate   in   equal   instalments on such of the dates applicable in his case as have not expired, or in one sum if only the last of such dates has not expired. (2) Where an assessee who is required   to   send   a   statement under clause (a) of sub­section (1) estimates on or before the date   on   which   the   first instalment   of   advance   tax   is due   in   his   case   under   sub­ section (1) of section 211 that, by reason of his current income being likely to be less than the income on which advance tax is payable   by   him   under   sub­ section   (1)   or   for   any   other reason, the amount of advance tax   computed   in   the   manner laid down in section 209 on the 5 current  income   would  be  less than the amount of advance tax payable   by   him   under   sub­ section (1), he may send to the Income­tax   Officer,   in   lieu   of such statement, an estimate of ­ (i) the current income, and (ii) the advance tax payable by him on the current income down in section 209, and shall pay such amount of advance tax as accords with his

estimate

in equal instalments   on   the   dates applicable   in   his   case   under section 211. (3) Where an assessee who has   sent   a   statement   under clause   (a)   of   sub­section   (1) estimates on or before the date on which the last instalment of advance tax is due in his case that, by reason of his current income being likely to be less than   the   income   on   which advance tax is payable by him under sub­section (1) or for any other   reason,   the   amount   of advance   tax   computed   in   the manner   laid   down   in   section 209   on   the   current   income would be less than the amount of advance tax payable by him under sub­section (1), he may, at   his   option,   send   to   the Income­tax Officer an estimate of ­ (i) the current income, and  (ii) the advance tax payable by him   on   the   current   income down in section 209, and shall pay such amount of advance tax as accords with his estimate   in   equal   instalments on such of the dates applicable in his case under section 211 as have not expired, or in one sum if only the last of such dates has not expired. (4)   In   the   case   of   any assessee   who   is   liable   to   pay advance tax under sub­section (1) or sub­section (2) or, as the case may be, sub­section (3), if, by reason of the current income being likely to be greater than the   income   on   which   the advance tax so payable by him has been computed or for any other   reason,   the   amount   of advance   tax   computed   in   the manner   laid   down   in   section 209   on   the   current   income (which   shall   be   estimated   by the   assessee)   exceeds   the amount   of   advance   tax   so payable by him by more than 33­1/3   per   cent   of   the   latter amount, he shall, on or before the   date   on   which   the   last instalment   of   advance   tax   is payable   by   him,   send   to   the Income­tax Officer an estimate of ­ (i) the current income, and      (ii) the advance tax payable by him on the current income down in section 209. and shall pay such amount of advance tax as accords with his estimate on such of the dates applicable   in   his   case   under 7 section 211 as have not expired by   instalments   which   may   be revised according to sub­section (5): Provided   that   in   a   case where   the   Commissioner   is satisfied that, having regard to the   nature   of   the   business carried on by the assessee and the   date   of   expiry   of   the previous year in respect of such business, it will be difficult for the   assessee   to   furnish   the estimate   required   to   be furnished by him in accordance with the provisions of this sub­ section on or before the date on which   the   last   instalment   of advance tax is due in his case, he may, if the assessee pays the advance tax which he is liable to pay under sub­section (1) or sub­section (2) or, as the case may be, sub­section (3) on or before   such   date,   extend   the date   for   furnishing   such estimate up to a period of thirty days immediately following the last date of the previous year in respect   of   that   business   and, where the date is so extended, the   assessee   shall   pay,   on   or before the date as so extended, the   amount   by   which   the advance   tax   already   paid   by him falls short of the advance tax payable in accordance with his estimate : Provided further that in the case   of   an   assessee,   being   a company, the provisions of this sub­section shall have effect as if   for   the   figures   and   words “33­1/3   percent”,   the   figures

8 and words “20 per cent.” had been substituted.

(5)The assessee may send a revised   estimate   of   the advance   tax   payable   by him on or before any one of   the   dates   specified   in section 211 and adjust any excess   or   deficiency   in respect of any instalment already   paid   in   a subsequent   instalment   or in subsequent instalments. (6) Every   statement   or estimate under this section shall   be   send   in   the prescribed   form   and verified   in the  prescribed manner.

Explanation.­   For   the purposes   of   this   section and section 212, “current income”, in relation to the advance tax payable by an assessee during any financial year, means the total   income   of   the assessee   (exclusive   of capital   gains   and   income referred   to   in   sub­clause (ix)   of   clause   (24)   of section   2,   if   any)   of   the period which would be the previous   year   for   the assessment

year immediately following that financial year. ”

5.

It is not in dispute that the assessee was previously assessed by way of regular assessment   under the Income Tax Act.  It is also not in dispute   that  under Section  209A(1)(a)    the  assessee  forwarded   a 9 statement of advance tax payable by him based on its  previous year's total income returned in the return of income as it was higher than assessed income.   It is also not in dispute that the assessee before the last instalment of the advance tax was payable estimated high income and as the advance tax payable by him exceeded 33.33%, sent the estimate of the current income and paid the advance tax payable by him on the current income calculated in the manner laid down in Section 209. In the background of these facts, the question arises whether the assessee was liable to pay interest under Section 216 of the Income Tax Act.

6.

Section 216 of the Income Tax Act reads thus :­ “    216. Interest payable by assessee in case  of under­ estimate,   etc.   ­   Where,   on making the regular assessment, the Assessing Officer finds that any assessee has ­ (a) [under section 209A or   section   212]   under­ estimated   the   advance   tax payable   by   him   and   thereby reduced the amount payable in either   of   the   first   two instalments; or (b)   under   section   213 wrongly deferred the payment of advance tax on a part of his income, he   may   direct   that   the assessee   shall   pay   simple interest at fifteen per cent per

10 annum ­ ”

7.

The   question   that   has   been   posed   before   us   was   under   direct consideration before the Calcutta High Court in the case of Commissioner of Income­Tax v. Indian Tube Co. Ltd. reported in 1992 (Vol. 197) I.T.R. Page 522. The Calcutta High Court held thus :­ “  The   statement   which   is made under section 209(1)(a) of the   Act   is   different   from   the estimate which is required to be submitted under section 209A(4) or   under   the   various   other provisions   of   the   Act.     The Legislature has made a distinction between   a   statement   which   is required to be filed under section 209A(1)(a)   and   the   estimate which is to be filed either under section   209A(4)   or   under   the various   other   provisions   of   the Act.   The interest under section 216 of the Act is attracted only in a case where an estimate is filed in   respect   of   the   first   two instalments and such estimate is subsequently   found   to   be   an underestimate in comparison with the subsequent estimate which is filed   before   the   last   instalment. This   will   be   evident   from   a reading of the various provisions of the Act.   To illustrate, section 209A(2)   of   the   Act   lays   down that,   where   an   assessee   who   is required   to   send   a   statement

11 under   section   209(1)(a)   on   or before the date on which the first instalment of advance tax is due he  may   send  to   the   Income­tax Officer, in lieu of such statement, an estimate of his current income down in section 209 of the Act.  It will   be   apparent   that,   where   a statement   is   filed   under   section 209A(1)(a)   of   the   Act,   the assessee   is   not   required   to estimate his current income.   He has   to   comply   only   with   the statutory   requirement   of   section 209(1)(a) and (d)(i) and prepare a statement

accordingly. Therefore, when the statute does not   require   him   to   make   an estimate,   the   question   of underestimating his income does not arise when the statement is made   under   section   209A(1)(a) of the Act in accordance with the provisions  of   the   section.     That the   legislature   has   made   a distinction   between   a   statement of   advance   tax   required   to   be furnished under section 209A(1) (a) and an estimate of advance tax will also be apparent from the fact   that   the   statement   under section 209A of the Act is to be furnished   in   Form   NO.28A   and the   estimate   advance   tax   is required to be submitted in Form No.

29.

Reference   may   also   be made in this connection to section 217 of  the Act which refers to a statement which is required to be furnished under section 209A(1) (a) and an estimate which may be filed   in   lieu   of   such   statement referred to in section 209A(2) of 12 the Act.  Similarly, section 218(1) (a)   makes   a   specific   distinction between a statement required to be   filed   under   section   209A(1) and   an   estimate   filed   under section 209A  of  the   Act.    Such distinction also is to be found in section 273 of the Act.   Section 273(1)   gives   power   to   the Income­tax Officer to levy penalty when no statement under section 209A(1)(a) of the Act is filed or such statement is untrue.  Section 273(2)   of   the   Act   deals   with imposition   of   penalty   in   a   case where the estimate of advance tax is   not   filed   or  such   estimate   is found   to   be   wrong   or   untrue under section 209A of the Act. It is, therefore, evident that the Legislature has made a clear   distinction   between   a statement which is required to be filed   under   section   209A(1)(a) and an estimate which is required to   be   filed   either  under   section 209A(2) which is to be made in lieu of the statement to be made under section 209A(1)(a) or an estimate which is required to be filed   under   section   209A(3)   or (4) of the Act.  Further, when an assessee   is   required   to   file   a statement under section 209A(1) (a),   he   is   not   to   estimate   his current   income.     He   has   to comply   with   the   provisions   by furnishing   a   statement   in accordance   with   section   209(1) (a)   or   (d)(i)   of   the   Act.     To comply   with   the   aforesaid provision,   no   estimate   of   the current income is required to be 13 made by the assessee.  He merely calculates his advance tax on the basis of his total income of the latest   regular   assessment   or   on on the basis of the total income on   the   basis   of   the   return subsequently filed where there is a payment under section 140A of the   Act,   whichever   is   higher. Hence,   the   interest   which   is levied under section 216 of the Act cannot be attracted to a case where the assessee is required to file   a   statement   under   section 209A(1) of the Act.   But section 216 of the Act is attracted only in a case where the assessee has to estimate his current income and such estimate

is found subsequently

to be an underestimate   compared   to   the later estimate filed by him in the last   instalment.       Where   an assessee is not required to file an estimate   of   his   income,   the question   of   underestimating   the same cannot and does not arise and the provisions of section 216 of the Act cannot be attracted in such   a  case.     The  court  has   to interpret a provision according to the plain meaning of the  section and   cannot   read   more   into   the language of a provision than what is   warranted   by   the   express provisions of the section.  Where the Legislature uses two different words in the same provision, it is not   permissible   to   equate   the scope   and   meaning   of   the   two words   which,   on   their   plain language,  are  different.   It  is  a well settled rule that, when two interpretations   are   possible,   in 14 other words, where the provision is   capable   of   two   alternative meanings, the one favouring the taxpayer   is   to   be   adopted, particularly   when   such   a provision   purports   to   impose penal interest. ”

8.

We find ourselves in agreement with the view taken by the Calcutta High Court.  A careful reading of Section 209A(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act would clearly show that the Legislature has used the  expression 'statement' therein while in Section 209A(2), 209A(3) and 209A(4) the Legislature has employed the expression ' estimate '.  The Legislature thereby made a clear distinction  between  the  statement   which   is  required   to  be  filed   under Section 209A(1)(a) and the estimate that is required to be filed under Section 209A(4).   When an assessee files a statement u/s 209A(1)(a), he does not nor is he required to estimate his current income.  On the basis of the total income returned by the assessee in the return of income or the assessed   income   whichever   is   higher,   he   calculates   the   advance   tax. However when  the current income is likely to be greater than the income on which tax payable by him is being computed and the amount of advance tax so payable by him is to exceed 33.33%, such assessee is required to send to the Income Tax Officer an estimate of the current income and the advance   tax   payable   by   him   on   the   current   income   before   the   last instalment of advance tax is paid under Section 209A(4).    Section 216 of the Income Tax Act that provides for  interest payable by assessee in case of 15 under­estimate   cannot   be   invoked     where   the   assessee   has   acted   in conformity with Section 209A(4) and   sent the estimate to the assessing officer of the current income and paid   the advance tax on the current income calculated in the manner laid out in section 209. Section 216 is attracted only in a case where the assessee is required   to estimate his current income and such estimate is found subsequently to be an under­ estimate   compared   to   the   later   estimate   for   filing   the  last   instalment. Where the assessee is not required, as in a case like this, to furnish an estimate for the first and second instalments, as it was already assessed previously,  and  rather  the assessee is required  to file statement  under Section 209A(1)(a), the  question of under­estimate for the two instalments under Section 216 would not arise.

9.

The   view   of   the   Tribunal,   thus,   is   in   conformity   with   the   legal position.  The substantial question of law is answered in the negative and in favour of the assessee.

10.

Appeal is dismissed with no order as to costs. R. M. LODHA, J. N. A. BRITTO, J.

16 sl.

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