M/S.GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD., BOMBAY. vs. C.I.T.-I, BOMBAY.

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ITR/113/1990HC BombayHCBM02000365199001 February 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR,HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD23 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Tribunal was not justified in upholding the Commissioner's order under Section 263. The Court reasoned that the Assessing Officer had taken a possible view, and the Commissioner's action under Section 263 was an overreach of his jurisdiction. The Court found that the question of whether the assessee's liability had ceased in the previous year relevant to AY 1982-83 was an issue on which a possible view was that there was no final or irrevocable remission or cessation of liability within the meaning of Section 41(1). This view was not unsustainable in law. The Court cited the Supreme Court judgments in Malabar Industrial Co. and Max India Ltd., stating that if the Assessing Officer adopted a permissible course or took one of two possible views, it cannot be treated as an erroneous order prejudicial to the revenue unless the view taken is unsustainable. The Court noted that the litigation had a checkered history with attendant uncertainties, as acknowledged by the Supreme Court in an interim order, and the Tribunal's simplistic view overlooked this. Therefore, the reference was answered in favor of the assessee.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Grasim Industries Ltd. (formerly Gwalior Rayon Ltd.), was granted concessions by the Government of Kerala to fell bamboos. Subsequently, the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act, 1971, nationalized private forests. An agreement was reached for supply of raw material at approximately Rs. 23 per ton. The Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Act, 1978, led to notifications fixing prices. The assessee challenged these notifications. During Assessment Years 1980-81, 1981-82, and 1982-83, the assessee deducted Rs. 1,75,32,600/-. The Kerala High Court quashed notifications regarding eucalyptus prices on April 15, 1981. The Commissioner of Income Tax initiated proceedings under Section 263, holding that the liability ceased in the previous year relevant to AY 1982-83 and directed its inclusion in total income under Section 41(1). The ITAT dismissed the assessee's appeal. The High Court is considering a reference.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in upholding the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax passed under Section 263 directing the Income-tax Officer to include the sum of Rs. 1,75,32,600/- in the total income of the assessee under Section 41(1) of the Income Tax Act on the ground that there had been a complete cessation of liability in regard to this amount in the previous year relevant to the assessment year 1982-83? Assessee's contentions: The assessee argued that the Commissioner exceeded his jurisdiction under Section 263. They contended that it was incorrect to assume the liability ceased immediately upon the Kerala High Court's judgment. The assessee presented several circumstances indicating a bona fide belief that the State of Kerala might not accept the judgment, including subsequent re-notifications, challenges to those, further litigation, and an interim order from the Supreme Court. They also highlighted a settlement reached on October 27, 1988, which resolved the dispute. Revenue's contentions: The revenue contended that the Kerala High Court's judgment of April 15, 1981, had attained finality as no appeal was filed before the Supreme Court. Consequently, the liability ceased at the beginning of the accounting year relevant to AY 1982-83, and since the government did not appeal, the cessation was final. Therefore, the amount was assessable under Section 41(1) in AY 1982-83.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 263,Section 41(1),Section 256(1)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY O. O. C. J. INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.113 OF 1990 Grasim Industries Ltd.  ...Applicant.                         Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax,Central­I.  ...Respondent.                                 .... Mr. J.D.Mistry with Mr.Atul K. Jasani for the Applicant. Mr. Abhay Ahuja with Mr.J.S.Saluja for the Respondent.                                 .....                                 CORAM : DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD AND                 J.P.DEVADHAR,  JJ.                                               February 1, 2010.

JUDGMENT (PER DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) : By an order dated 8th August 1989, passed under Section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the  Income Tax Appellate Tribunal has referred the following question of law for the opinion of this Court: “Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in upholding the order of the  Commissioner   of   Income   Tax    passed   u/s.263 directing the Income­tax Officer to include the sum of Rs. 1,75,32,600/­ in the total income of the assessee under Sec.41(1) of the Income Tax Act on the ground that there had been a complete cessation of liability in regard to   this   amount   in   the   previous   year   relevant   to   the assessment year 1982­83?” CNR No : HCBM020003651990 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

2.

Pursuant to its policy to attract industrial investment in the State, the Government of Kerala granted a concession in 1958 to Gwalior Rayon Ltd (the earlier name of the assessee) to fell and remove   bamboos   from   the   Nilamber   valley   for   conversion   into rayon grade wood pulp.   Agreements were entered into between the   assessee   and   the   Government   of   Kerala.     The   Company purchased three lakh acres of private forest and planted eucalyptus for  use as raw material on an undertaking by the Government not to acquire the forest for a period of sixty years.   In 1963, the Company set up a plant at Calicut for the manufacture of rayon grade wood pulp. The raw material required for the plant consisted of forest  produce,  namely,  bamboo,  reed and eucalyptus.    The Government of Kerala agreed to provide any shortfall in the raw material from other areas.  The rate of seigniorage was fixed at Re. 1 per ton.   In 1971, private forests in the State of Kerala were nationalized   by   the   Kerala   Private   Forests   (Vesting   and Assignment) Act, 1971. Upon the enforcement of the Act, there was no private forest in the State of Kerala and all forest produce had to be purchased from the Government alone.   On 10th  July 1971, an agreement was entered into between the Company and Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the State Government for the supply of raw material, including eucalyptus at approximately Rs.23 per ton.  The State Legislature enacted the Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Act, 1978, by which the Government was required by notification to fix the selling price of all forest produce (Section 3) and all forest produce was required to be sold at a price not less than the notified price (Section 5).  The Government of Kerala issued a notification fixing prices of forest produce on 9th  March 1979 and thereafter, for   the   period   ending   on   31st  March   1981   and   for   the   period commencing from 1st April 1981, being the previous year relevant to the Assessment Year 1982­83. The validity of these notifications was questioned by the Company in a Writ Petition filed before the Kerala High Court. ­3. The   Company   had   been   allowed   a   deduction   of   the following   amounts,   including   interest,   during   the   course   of Assessment Years 1980­81, 1981­82 and 1982­83: A.Y. 1980­81 (y/e 31.3.80) 93,89,183 A.Y. 1981­82 (y/e 31.3.81) 72,13,634 A.Y. 1982­83 (y/e 31.3.82) 9,29,783 ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 1,75,32,600 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 During the pendency of the Writ Petitions before the Kerala High Court, the Company had kept in force Bank Guarantees in the  sum of Rs.201 lakhs together with interest at the rate of 6% per annum in respect of the enhanced liability under the notifications.

4.

By a judgment dated 15th April 1981, a Division Bench of the Kerala High Court allowed the Petition filed by the Company and set aside the four notifications that were challenged, in so far as they related to the fixation of the selling price of eucalyptus. The High Court held that in fixing the selling price of eucalyptus, the   statutory   requirement   of   Sections   3   and   4   had   not   been complied with and that all   materials that were required to be considered had not been placed before the Committee.   The Kerala High Court held that the Committee had not looked into relevant matters for recommending the selling price of eucalyptus.   The price fixed by the notifications for eucalyptus was, therefore, held to be ultra vires and to that extent, the notifications were quashed. The notifications were upheld for other forest produce. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

5.

After   the   judgment   of   the   High   Court,   the   State Government   renotified     prices/notifications   with   effect   from   1st April 1981. In order to overcome the judgment of the High Court, the Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Rules, 1978 appear to have been amended on 28th May 1981. 6. The previous year relevant to the Assessment Year in question, namely 1982­83, ended on 31st March 1982. According to the Revenue,   the result of the notifications, which had been issued by the State of Kerala in the first instance, was to saddle the assessee with an additional liability of Rs.1,75,32,600/­ for three Assessment Years ­ 1980­81, 1981­82 and 1982­83. The claim in regard to these liabilities was allowed into the regular assessments on the basis of the provision made by the assessee.  According to the Revenue, as a consequence of the judgment of the Kerala High Court, striking down the notifications, the liability of the assessee for the aforesaid three years, stood reduced by a corresponding amount.   However, though the judgment of the High Court was delivered   in  the   early   part   of   the   accounting   year,   relevant   to Assessment Year 1982­83, the liabilities which ceased as a result of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the judgment, were not written back to the profit and loss account for the Assessment Year 1982­83. The amount was offered for taxation in the Assessment Year 1983­84. 7. On this basis, the Commissioner of Income Tax  initiated proceedings under Section 263 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, by the issuance of a notice dated 15th December 1986. By an order dated 6th  February 1987, the Commissioner of Income Tax   held that the decision of the Kerala High Court, dated 15th April 1981, had attained finality since no appeal was filed before the Supreme Court.  Consequently, the liability of the assessee was held to have ceased   at   the   beginning   of   the   accounting   year,   relevant   to Assessment Year 1982­83 and since the Government had not filed an appeal against the judgment of the High Court, the liability had ceased finally and there was no possibility of it being revived in future.  The liability having ceased in the accounting year relevant to Assessment Year 1982­83, the amount of Rs.1,75,32,600/­ was assessable   as   income   under   Section   41(1)   in   Assessment   Year 1982­83. The   Assessing   Officer   was   directed   to   revise   the assessment for Assessment Year  1982­83  by including the amount Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of Rs.1.75 crores in the total income of the assessee.

8.

The order passed by the  Commissioner of Income Tax under Section 263, was challenged in appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.  By its judgment dated 28th July 1988, the Tribunal dismissed the appeal.  Before the Tribunal, it was urged on behalf of the assessee that the CIT had exceeded his juri iction under Section 263. Though the Kerala High Court had delivered its judgment on 15th April 1981, striking down the notifications under which   the   assessee   was   required   to   pay   enhanced   seigniorage charges, it was urged that it is wrong to assume that the liability had ceased no sooner than upon the passing of the judgment of the Kerala High Court.  The assessee relied upon several circumstances, in order to buttress the submission that it  had reason to believe bona fide that the State of Kerala was not inclined to accept the judgment of the High Court.  To these circumstances, a reference would be made in a subsequent part of the present judgment.  At this stage, it would be necessary to note that the Tribunal rejected the   contention   of   the   assessee   that   there   was   no   remission   or cessation of liability during the course of Assessment Year 1982­83. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 The Tribunal held that the judgment of the High Court was in favour of the assessee and that the time prescribed for filing an appeal before the Supreme Court having expired, the liability had ceased during   Assessment Year 1982­83. Since the amount was not offered for taxation during the Assessment Year 1982­83, but only subsequently in 1983­84, the Tribunal concurred with the view of the CIT.

9.

On behalf of the assessee, it has been submitted that (i) The juri ictional condition precedent to the application of Section 263 is that the order sought to be revised must be erroneous  in so far as it is prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue and neither of these conditions is satisfied; (ii)   The order of the Assessing Officer dated   23rd  February   1985   was   upon   accepting   the   written contention of the assessee that the liability had not irrevocably ceased to exist by virtue of the judgment of the Kerala High Court. This was a possible view and when the view taken by the Assessing Officer is possible to be taken, such an order cannot be held to be erroneous or prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue so as to invoke the revisional juri iction under Section 263; (iii) In view of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 various circumstances, which are relied upon by the assessee, the view of the assessee was a possible view and bona fide; (iv) There must be material before the CIT to hold that an order is “erroneous and prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue” and a mere change of opinion, cannot render the order erroneous. The CIT has not considered anything other than the order of the High Court dated 15th  April 1981, which was considered by the Assessing Officer, who had taken a possible view of the matter; (v) The order passed by the CIT does not demonstrate any prejudice to the Revenue; (vi) The   onus   of   establishing   the   juri ictional   condition   precedent would lie on the Commissioner; (vii) The deeming fiction under Section 41(1)(a) can be applied only if there is an irrevocable cessation of the liability so that there is no possibility of a revival in future.  In the present case, a part of the very liability for the period 1981­82   was   still   enforceable   on   31st  March   1982   and   hence, Section 41(1)  could not be invoked; (viii) This part of the liability was struck down by the Kerala High Court subsequently on 28th May 1984, against which a Special Leave Petition was filed before the Supreme Court.   The Supreme Court granted leave on 10th October 1986 and passed an interim order directing the assessee to Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 pay seignorage charges at the rate of 60% of the charges fixed by the impugned notification.   The actual rate was determined only finally in terms of an agreement dated 27th October 1988  between the Government of Kerala and the assessee, pursuant to which, the Civil   Appeal   and   various   pending   matters   were   withdrawn. Consequently,   there   was   no   cessation   of   liability     during   the Assessment Year 1982­83 and the provisions of Section 41(1) could not be applied; (ix) In any event, there was a possibility of a revival of the liability having regard to various facts and circumstances; (x) In determining as to whether there was a cessation of liability, it was necessary to consider as to whether the liability could be revived.       In   the   present   case,   the   notifications   were   only instruments quantifying   the liability and the liability  per se  had never ceased.   Even if the notifications had been struck down, a renotification for the same period or an amendment of the law was always open to the State to enforce the enhanced liability; and (xi) The liability of the assessee arises as a result of the supply of  forest produce.     There   was   no   dispute   that   such   produce   had   been supplied by the Government and, therefore, the Company had to pay for it.   The Kerala  Forest  Produce  Act,  1978 acquired the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 government to fix the minimum price for produce.  The fact that a particular notification has been struck down, would not lead to the

conclusion that the liability itself had ceased.  All that followed, as a consequence of the striking down of the notifications, was that the  price would have to be fixed afresh in accordance with law.

10.

On   the   other   hand,   it   was   urged   on   behalf   of   the Revenue that the liability of the assessee under the notifications issued by the Government of Kerala, came to an end with the judgment of the High Court dated 15th April 1981. Even if  fresh notifications   were   to   be   issued,   that   would   amount   to   the imposition of a fresh liability upon the assessee.   Consequently, during the period which is relevant to  Assessment Year 1982­83, the liability had ceased to exist, the State Government having not filed any appeal before the Supreme Court within the prescribed period of limitation.   The assessee was, therefore, duty bound to offer the amount for taxation in Assessment Year 1982­83, whereas the assessee had done so only in the following Assessment Year.

11.

Section 263 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 empowers the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Commissioner   to   call   for   and   examine   the   record   of   any proceedings  under the Act  and, if  he considers   that any order passed therein, by the Assessing Officer is erroneous in so far as it is prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue,  to pass an order upon hearing   the   assessee   and   after   an   enquiry   as   is  necessary, enhancing   or   modifying   the   assessment   or   cancelling   the assessment and directing a fresh assessment.  The key words that are used by Section 263 are that the order must be considered by the Commissioner to be “erroneous  in so far as it is prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue”.  This provision has been interpreted Supreme   Court   held   that   the   provision   “cannot   be   invoked   to correct each and every type of mistake or error committed by the Assessing Officer” and “it is only when an order is erroneous that the Section will be attracted”.   The Supreme Court held that an incorrect assumption of  fact or an incorrect application of law, will satisfy the requirement of the order being erroneous.   An order passed in violation of the principles of natural justice or without 1 (2000) 243 ITR 83 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 application of mind, would be an order falling in that category. The expression “prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue”, the Supreme Court held, it is of wide import and is not confined to a loss of tax.   What is prejudicial to the interest of the Revenue is explained  in the judgment of the Supreme Court: “The phrase “prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue” has to be read in conjunction with an erroneous order passed by the Assessing Officer.   Every loss of revenue as a   consequence   of   an   order   of   the   Assessing   Officer cannot be treated as prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue.     For   example,   when   an   Income­tax   Officer adopted one of the courses permissible and the Income­ tax   Officer   has   taken   one   view   with   which   the Commissioner does not agree, it cannot be treated as an erroneous   order   prejudicial   to   the   interests   of   the Revenue, unless the view taken by the Income­tax Officer is unsustainable in law.” Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 The   Court   observed   that   “the   mechanics   of   the   section   have become   so   complicated   over   the   years   that   two   views   were inherently possible.”  Consequently, the subsequent amendment to erroneous;   and   (ii)   by   virtue   of   the   order   being   erroneous, 3 203 ITR 108 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 prejudice must have been caused to the interests of the Revenue. Section 263 does not empower the Commissioner to substitute his judgment for that of the Assessing Officer, unless the decision is held to be erroneous.  Both the conditions for the exercise of the power must be fulfilled.  The order, in other words, sought to be revised, must be erroneous and must be prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue.

13.

The question as to whether the Commissioner has acted within the fold of his juri iction under Section 263 or outside it, in the present case, must be decided with reference to the principles which have been  laid down  by the Supreme Court  and by this Court.     Section   41(1)   provides   that   where   an   allowance   or deduction has been made in the assessment for any year in respect of a loss, expenditure or trading liability incurred by the assessee and subsequently during any previous year, the assessee obtained whether in cash or in any other manner, any amount in respect of such loss or expenditure or some benefit in respect of such trading liability   by   way   of   remission   or   cessation   thereof,   the   amount obtains or the value of the benefit accruing shall be deemed to be Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 profits and gains of business or profession and would accordingly be chargeable to income as the income of that previous year.   The State Legislature enacted the Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Act, 1978. Section 3(1) empowers the Government to fix the selling price of forest produce for the following financial year.     Section   5   stipulated   that   after   the   publication   of   the notification under Section 3, no forest produce shall be sold by the Government at a price which is less than the notified selling price. On 9th March 1979, the Government of Kerala issued notifications in exercise of its power under the Act of 1978 for the period ending 31st March 1981 and also for the period commencing from 1st April 1981,   being   the   previous   year   relevant   to   Assessment   Year 1982­83. The assessee had been allowed a deduction of an amount of Rs.1.75 crores during the Assessment Years 1980­81, 1981­82 and  1982­83. The  notifications   that  were   issued  by   the  State Government were challenged by the assessee before the Kerala High Court.  By its judgment dated 15th April 1981, the High Court struck down the notifications in so far as they related to eucalyptus, on the ground that in fixing the prices for eucalyptus, the State Government had not followed the procedure prescribed by the Act. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 The Kerala High Court held that matters which were required to be considered had not been placed before the Committee which was statutorily to be constituted under the provisions of the Act and the Committee had failed to consider  relevant material before making its recommendations, in regard to the price of eucalyptus.   The judgment   of   the   Kerala   High   Court,   therefore,   set   aside   the notifications on the ground that the mandate of the Act in fixing the price of forest produce had not been followed and that relevant consideration had not been borne in mind by the Committee.  The liability of the assessee to pay arose by virtue of the provisions of Section 5 of the Act, under which, no forest produce could be sold by the Government at a price, which was less than the selling price; the selling price being defined to mean that the price   of forest produce fixed by the Government under Section 3. The judgment of the Kerala High Court did not prohibit the government from issuing a fresh notification. After the decision of the Kerala High Court, the Expert Committee constituted under the provisions of Section 4, convened for the purposes of deciding afresh, the selling price of eucalyptus upto 31st March 1982. The Committee held its meeting on 25th March 1982, which was six days before the end of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the relevant period here, and recommended the fixation of the selling price of eucalyptus between Rs.328/­ to Rs.384/­ per metric ton between 1978 and 1981. The Special Secretary to the State Government   in   the   Forest   and   Minor   Irrigation   Department recorded in a note dated 27th  March 1982 that the Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Rules, 1978 had been amended on 28th May 1981. Some doubt was expressed as to whether these Rules   could   fasten   a   liability   with   retrospective   effect   in   the absence of an amendment to the parent legislation.   The State Government, in pursuance  of  the judgment  of the Kerala  High Court  proceeded to issue  fresh notifications on 31st March 1981, 29th April 1981 and 29th May 1981. By the notification dated 29th May  1981, the Government refixed  the selling price in the year 1981­82 with effect from 1st  June 1981. On 31st  March 1982, selling prices  were notified for the period from  1st  April 1982. These notifications were once again challenged by the assessee in a Writ Petition  before the Kerala  High Court.   The   Petition  was allowed by the  Division Bench  of the Kerala  High Court  on 28th May  1994 and the notifications were set aside with a declaration that the prices fixed of bamboo, reed and eucalyptus were not Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 payable by the Petitioner.  The judgment of the Kerala High Court did not conclude the proceedings.   Special Leave Petitions were filed before the  Supreme Court  in which, while granting leave, interim orders were passed by the  Supreme Court,  directing the assessee to pay the price of forest produce  at 60% of the rate fixed in the notification issued by the State Government under Section 3(e) of the Act, less the price already paid.  The Bank Guarantees furnished  by the  assessee  were  allowed  to  be  encashed to  the aforesaid extent.  The Supreme Court  expressed the hope that the parties   would  be  able  to arrive   at  a settlement  which  may  be “beneficial   to   all   concerned,  having   regard   to   the   checkered history of the litigation with its attendant uncertainties, and to avoid   further   long   drawn   out   litigation.”     Eventually,   a settlement was arrived at between the Government of Kerala and the assessee on 27th October 1988. By the settlement, a series of matters set out in the schedule, came to be settled and parties agreed that no payment will be due by  either party to the other in respect of any of the matters mentioned in the schedule.

14.

The narration of facts would thus show that the liability Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of the assessee   in respect of the payment due for the supply of forest produce, under the Kerala Forest Produce (Fixation of Selling Price) Act, 1978, was   not   concluded by the judgment of the Kerala High Court dated 15th April 1981. The notifications fixing the price of eucalyptus were set aside by the Kerala High Court, on the ground that the Committee statutorily constituted under the Act, had not applied its mind to the relevant material.  The liability of the assessee to pay at the price notified, arose under the Act, for the supplies of forest produce effected by the State Government to the assessee.    The liability arose as a result of the supply of  forest produce  the quantification of liability was liable to be made by the instrument   of   the   notifications   issued   in   accordance   with   the provisions of the Act.   The view that there was no remission or cessation   of   the   liability   during   the   previous   year,   relevant   to Assessment Year 1982­83, was a possible view having regard to the circumstances, which transpired after the judgment of the Kerala High Court.  These circumstances included the following: (i) The recommendations made by the Expert Committee on 25th  March 1982 for the refixation of prices of forest produce six days before the   end   of   the   financial   year;   (ii)   The   issuance   of     fresh Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 notifications by the State Government; (iii) The challenge by the assessee to the fresh notifications; (iv) The judgment of the Kerala High Court dated 28th May 1984,  setting aside the second set of notifications; (v) The filing of Special Leave Petitions before the Supreme Court challenging the judgment of the Kerala High Court in the second round; and (vi) The interim order passed by the Supreme Court requiring the assessee   to pay at the rate of 60% of the   prices/notifications   and   allowing   encashment   of   Bank Guarantees for that purpose; and (vii) The eventual resolution of the dispute by a settlement of 27th October 1988. 15. In these circumstances, when the Assessing Officer took a possible   view,   while   passing   an   order   of   assessment,   the Commissioner exceeded his juri iction in seeking recourse to his power under Section 263. At the least, it must be held that the question as to whether the liability of the assessee had ceased in the previous year relevant to the Assessment Year 1982­83, was an issue on which a possible view was that there was no final or irrevocable remission or cessation of liability, within the meaning of Section 41(1) of the Act, during  Assessment Year 1982­83. This Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 view   could   not,   by   any  stretch   of   logic,   be   regarded   as   being unsustainable in law.  The condition precedent to the exercise of juri iction under Section  263, is that the order   sought to be revised   must  be   erroneous   in  so  far  as  it  is  prejudicial   to the interests of the Revenue.  Following the judgments of the Supreme Court in Malabar Industrial Co. and Max India Ltd. (supra), it is now   a   settled   principle   that   where   the  Assessing   Officer  has adopted one of the courses permissible in law or where two views are possible and the  Assessing Officer  has taken one view with which the Commissioner does not agree, it cannot be treated as an erroneous order prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue unless the view taken by the Assessing Officer is unsustainable in law.  In the  present  case,     two views   were  inherently  possible  and the assessee   therefore,   cannot   be   subjected   to   the   exercise   of   the juri iction under Section 263. The Tribunal, with respect,   has adopted a rather simplistic view of the matter, in coming to the

conclusion that the liability had ceased to exist, consequent upon the judgment of the Kerala High Court, dated 15th April 1981. This clearly overlooks the checkered history of the litigation.  The fact that the litigation had a checkered history was noted in the interim Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 order of the Supreme Court, which also referred to the “attendant uncertainties” and to the possibility of a “further long drawn out litigation”.

16.

For all these reasons, we are of the view that the order of the   Tribunal   was   unsustainable. The   reference   would, consequently, be answered with the finding that the Tribunal was not justified in upholding the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax,  passed under Section 263, directing the Assessing Officer to include the sum of Rs.1,75,32,600/­ in the total income of the assessee under Section 41(1), in the previous year, relevant to Assessment   Year   1982­83,   on   the   ground   that   there   had   been complete cessation of the liability during that period. The reference is answered accordingly.   In the circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. ( Dr.D.Y.Chandrachud, J.) ( J.P.Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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