THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX - 21 MUMBAI vs. SHRI ANUJ A SHETH HUF MUMBAI

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ITXA/2285/2009HC BombayHCBM02001958200907 April 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR,HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD13 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The Tribunal held that the assessee was entitled to the benefit of indexation on the sale of shares, other than the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies, and to set off losses from one source against gains from another under the same head of income, as per Section 70. The Tribunal reasoned that the proviso to Section 112 requires a comparison between tax payable at 20% and tax at 10% of capital gains before indexation, and that there was nothing in Section 112 or Section 70 to disentitle the assessee to indexation on losses. The fact that bonus shares had a nil acquisition cost did not preclude indexation on other shares. The Tribunal also referred to CBDT Circulars 721 and 779, which supported the availability of set-off and indexation benefits. The Tribunal concluded that the assessee's computation of net long-term capital gain of Rs. 3.45 Crores was in consonance with the law. The question of law was answered against the Revenue.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Anuj A. Sheth HUF, for Assessment Year 2001-02, sold shares of four companies. This included bonus shares of Infosys Technologies, acquired at nil cost, sold for Rs. 6.13 Crores, resulting in a long-term capital gain of the same amount. Other transactions involved a gain of Rs. 9.47 lacs with indexation and a loss of Rs. 2.78 Crores with indexation. The assessee set off the loss against the gains, reporting a net long-term capital gain of Rs. 3.45 Crores and paid tax at 10%. The Assessing Officer disallowed indexation, computing the gain at Rs. 4.34 Crores. The CIT(A) upheld the AO's order. The ITAT ruled in favour of the assessee, which the Revenue appealed.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the assessee's claim of computation of long-term capital gains on the sale of shares, other than the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies, after giving the benefit of indexation is in consonance with the proviso to Section 112(1) and other provisions of the Act? Assessee's Contention: The assessee argued that each sale transaction constitutes a separate capital asset under Section 48. They contended that the denial of indexation on other shares was unjustified, even though indexation was not claimed on bonus shares due to nil acquisition cost. The assessee relied on Section 70 for setting off losses and Circulars 721 and 779 of the CBDT, which they interpreted as allowing set-off of losses and continued availability of indexation benefits, subject to the proviso to Section 112. Revenue's Contention: The Revenue contended that the Assessing Officer was justified in denying the benefit of indexation and computing the long-term capital gain by deducting the absolute cost of acquisition from the total sale price, resulting in a higher net gain.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 112(1),Section 48,Section 45(1),Section 70

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY O. O. C. J. INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.2285 OF 2009 The Commissioner of Income Tax ­ 21 Mumbai ..Appellant. Vs. Anuj A. Sheth HUF, Mumbai ..Respondent. .... Mr. N.A. Kazi for the Appellant. Mr. P.J. Pardiwala, Senior Advocate  with Dr. K. Shivram  with Mr.  A.R. Singh and Mr. P.S. Savla for the Respondent. .... CORAM : DR. D.Y.CHANDRACHUD  &                 J.P. DEVADHAR, JJ.                   7th April, 2010.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.):

1.

Admit.    The following question  of law  will arise  in the appeal filed by the Revenue under Section 260­A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 : “Whether the assessee’s claim of computation of long term capital gains on the sale of shares, other than the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies, after giving the benefit of indexation is in consonance  with the proviso to Section 112(1) and the other provisions of the Act?”

2.

The question of law has been reframed during the course of CNR No : HCBM020019582009 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the hearing of the appeal since the question as formulated by the Revenue was lacking in clarity.

3.

The appeal arises out of an order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal on 5th September, 2008. The Assessment Year is 2001­02. In the present case the assessee entered into eight sale transactions involving the shares of four companies.     Of the sale transactions, the  shares of Infosys Technologies comprised entirely of bonus shares where the cost of acquisition was nil.  The bonus shares of   Infosys   Technologies   were   sold   for   a   consideration   of   Rs.6.13 Crores.     There being no cost of acquisition, the long term capital gains were computed at Rs.6.13 Crores.  Out of the remaining seven transactions one sale resulted in a long term capital gain of Rs.9.47 lacs   with   indexation   whereas   in   the   remaining   transactions   the assessee   reported   a   loss   of   Rs.2.78   Crores   with   indexation.     The assessee set off the long term capital loss of Rs.2.68 Crores from the long term capital gains of Rs.6.13 Crores and paid a tax of 10% on the net long term capital gain of Rs.3.45 Crores. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

4.

The Assessing Officer adopted the sale price realized from the shares sold by the assessee of Rs.7.51 Crores and after deducting the cost of acquisition of shares of Rs.3.16 Crores, assessed the long term capital gains without indexation at Rs.4.34 Crores.   In other words, what the Assessing Officer did in effect was to deny the benefit of indexation to the assessee while giving effect to the proviso to Section 112(1).   The appeal against the Assessment Order on this issue failed before the  CIT(A).  The Tribunal came to the conclusion that shares transferred on every occasion constitute a separate capital asset as provided in Section 48. Moreover,   the Tribunal held that merely because the assessee had not claimed indexation on the sale of its   bonus   shares   of   Infosys   Technologies,   the   Revenue   was   not justified in denying the benefit of indexation on the sale of shares of other companies to the assessee.  The conclusion of the Tribunal was that the assessee’s claim of computation of long term capital gains on the   sale   of   shares,   other   than   the   bonus   shares   of   Infosys Technologies, after giving the benefit of indexation was in consonance Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 with the proviso to Section 112(1) and the other provisions of the Act and that accordingly the assessee was assessable to net long term capital gains computed at Rs.3.45 Crores as returned.     The appeal filed by the assessee on the aforesaid ground was allowed.

5.

Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue has assailed the finding of the Tribunal by submitting that the Assessing Officer was justified in denying to the assessee the benefit of indexation and in computing the long term capital gain by deducting from the total sale price of the listed securities (Rs.7.51 Crores) the absolute cost of acquisition (Rs.3.16 Crores) thereby resulting in a net gain of Rs.4.34 Crores.

6.

Section 45(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 stipulates that any profits or gains arising from the transfer of a capital asset effected in the previous year shall, save as provided in certain specific sections referred   to   therein,   be   chargeable   to   income   tax  under   the   head ‘capital gains’, and shall be deemed to be the income of the previous Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 year in which the transfer took place.  For the purpose of sub section (1) of Section 45 the capital gains on the transfer of each capital asset have   to   be   computed   separately.     Section   48   provides   for   the computation  of  income   chargeable  under  the head ‘capital  gains’. The marginal note to Section 48 is entitled ‘mode of computation’. Section 48 stipulates that income chargeable under the head ‘capital gains’ shall be computed by deducting   from the full value of the consideration received or accruing  as a result of the transfer of the capital  asset   the  following   amounts,   viz.  (i)   Expenditure  incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer; and (ii) The cost of acquisition  of the asset and the cost  of any improvement thereto.   The second proviso is to the effect that where long term capital gains arise from the transfer of a long term capital asset (other than capital gain arising  to a non resident from the transfer of shares or debentures of an Indian company) the provisions of Clause (ii) shall have effect as if for the words “cost of acquisition” and “cost of any   improvement”,   the   words   “indexed   cost   of   acquisition”   and “indexed   cost   of   any   improvement”   have   respectively   been Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 substituted.     The indexed cost of acquisition is computed so as to bring the actual cost of acquisition in line with the cost of inflation index.   Section 70 provides for the set off of loss from one source against income from another source under the same head of income. Prior to its substitution with effect from 1st April, 2003 by the Finance Act of 2002, Section 70 provided that save as otherwise provided in the  Act, where the net result for any Assessment Year in respect of any source falling under any head of income is a loss, the assessee shall be entitled to have the amount of such loss set off against his income from any other source under the same head.

7.

In   consonance   with   the   provisions   of   Section   70,   the assessee in the present case was entitled to set off the loss sustained on the sale of shares which constitute a long term capital asset against the capital gains which were realized from the sale inter alia of the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies.  The net capital gain reported by the assessee after carrying out that exercise was Rs.3.45 Crores. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

8.

Section 112 of the Act provides that where the total income of an assessee includes any income, arising from the transfer of a long term capital asset, which is chargeable under the head of ‘capital gains’, the tax payable by the assessee on the total income shall in the case of an individual or a Hindu Undivided Family, being a resident, be the aggregate of (i) the amount of income tax payable on the total income as reduced by the amount of such long term capital gains, had the total income as so reduced been his total income; and (ii) the amount of income tax calculated on such long term capital gains at the rate of 20%.  The proviso to Section 112 states that “where the tax payable in respect of any income arising from the transfer of a long term capital asset, being listed securities or unit or zero  coupon  bond exceeds 10% of the amount of capital gains before giving effect to the provisions of the second proviso to Section 48, then such excess shall be  ignored  for  the purpose   of  computing  the tax  payable   by the assessee.  Section 112 forms a part of Chapter 12 of the Act which deals with the determination of  tax in certain special cases.  Section 112 provides for a tax on long term capital gains.  Ordinarily, under Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 clause (a) of sub section (1) of Section 112 the income tax calculated on long term capital gains is 20%.

9.

The   opening   words   of   sub   section   (1)   of   Section   112 contemplate   a   situation   where   “the   total   income   of   an   assessee includes any income arising from the transfer of a long term capital asset”. This would be indicative of the fact that in computing  income for the purposes of capital gains, the assessee would be entitled to the benefit of the normal provisions of the Act inter alia in regard to a set off under Section 70. The effect of the proviso to Section 112 is that in the event that the tax which is payable in respect of income arising from the transfer of a listed security, which is a long term capital asset, exceeds 10% of the amount of capital gains before giving effect to indexation as provided in the second proviso to Section 48, the tax would be liable to be capped at 10% , by ignoring the excess beyond 10%.

10.

The   view   point   of   the   assessee   was   that   every   transfer Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 constituted a separate transfer of a   capital asset on which   capital gains would be required to be computed separately.   The shares of Infosys Technologies were sold for Rs.6.13 Crores by the assessee. These were bonus shares on which there was no cost of acquisition.

11.

The assessee was entitled to indexation by virtue of the second proviso to Section 48. Moreover, in view of the provisions of Section 70 the assessee was entitled to set off the loss sustained in respect of one source falling under the same head of income from its income against any other source under the same head.  In the present case, as a matter of fact, the question of indexation in relation to the shares   of   Infosys   Technologies   would   not   arise   since   the   cost   of acquisition of the shares, being bonus shares was nil. Where the cost of acquisition is nil, the indexed cost would necessarily be nil. While computing the loss sustained in respect of the six transactions and the profit sustained in one of the other transactions the assessee sought indexation.   For the purposes of working out the application of the proviso to Section 112, there is nothing in the section which would Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 deprive the assessee of the indexation claimed on the sale of shares where there was a resultant loss.   What the proviso to Section 112 essentially requires is that where the tax payable in respect of  income arising from a listed security, being a long term capital asset, exceeds 10% of the capital gains before indexation, then such excess beyond 10% is liable to be ignored.  The assessee reported a net capital gain of   Rs.3.45   Crores   which   was   computed   after   setting   off   the   loss sustained in the sale of shares in certain transactions relating to the sale of listed securities against capital gains arising inter alia out of the sale of the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies.  The proviso to Section 112 requires a comparison to be   made on the one hand between the tax payable in respect of income arising from the transfer of  listed securities, computed at 20% with the tax payable at the rate of 10% on the capital gains before giving effect to indexation.  We are not dealing in the present case with a situation where the assessee had acquired at a cost,  shares on the sale of which a capital gain had arisen.  Were the assessee to acquire those shares on which a capital gain was to arise, at a cost, then it would have been necessary for the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 purposes of the proviso to Section 112(1)   to compute the capital gains before giving effect to indexation under the second proviso to Section 48. That, however, would not arise in the facts of this case inasmuch as  the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies on which the assessee realized a capital gain of Rs.6.13 Crores were acquired at  no cost.  There is nothing in the provisions of Section 112 which would lead to the   acceptance of the contention of the Revenue that the assessee would be entitled to a set off of the loss under Section 70, but   without   the   benefit   of   indexation.       No   such   requirement   is legislated upon by  Parliament either under Section 70 or in Section

112.12.

The fact that an assessee is entitled to a set off of the loss sustained on the sale of certain shares is clarified in a circular issued by   the   Central   Board   of   Direct   Taxes   on   13th  September,   1995 (Circular 721).   The circular notes that Section 112 includes two significant expressions viz. “total income” and “includes any income”. The circular states that the total income is to be computed in the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 manner prescribed by the Act and the set off of a loss, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 70 to 80, is a stage which is part of this procedure.     The   circular   then   states   that   when   this   procedure   is adopted for computing the gross total income or total income,  only the amount of income after set off remains under the head as part of the   gross   total   income   or   total   income.     Consequently,   only   that amount of long term capital gains which is included in the total income would be subject to tax at a prescribed flat rate.  A subsequent circular   of   the   CBDT   dated   14th  September,   1999   (Circular   779) clarifies that “the benefit of cost inflation index shall continue as before   but   where   the   tax   on   long   term   capital   gains     without adjustment   of   cost   inflation   exceeds   10%,   such   excess   shall   be ignored”.

13.

Both these circulars are of significance because they clearly reflect the Revenue’s understanding that (i) The benefit of a set off would be available while computing   the income arising from the transfer of a long term capital asset, which is part of the total income Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of an assessee; and (ii) The benefit of the cost inflation index or indexation would continue to be available subject to the condition that where the tax on long term capital gains without adjustment for indexation exceeds 10%, such excess shall be ignored.

14.

In the circumstances, we are of the view, on the balance, that the Tribunal was justified in coming to the conclusion that the assessee’s claim of computation of long term capital gains on the sale of shares other than the bonus shares of Infosys Technologies, after giving the benefit of indexation was in consonance with the proviso to Section 112(1) and that the assessee was assessable to net long term capital gain of Rs.3.45 Crores.  In this view of the matter, the question of law as framed is answered against the Revenue and in favour of the assessee.     The appeal shall accordingly stand dismissed.    In the circumstances, there shall be no order as to costs. (Dr. D.Y.Chandrachud, J.)

(J.P. Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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