PARESHBHAI HASMUKHBHAI THAKKAR vs. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

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SCA/3806/2015HC GujaratGJHC24006781201505 May 2015Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S.H.VORA11 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the reopening of the assessment for AY 2009-10 was based on a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer (AO), which is not permissible under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Court noted that during the original assessment under Section 143(3), the AO had issued a questionnaire specifically concerning the deduction claimed under Section 80IB(10), and the assessee had provided detailed responses and necessary materials. The AO, after considering this information, had allowed the deduction. The Court relied on the decisions in CIT vs. Kelvinator of India Ltd. and Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd. vs. ACIT, which establish that if an AO scrutinizes a claim, asks queries, and then allows the claim without making additions, it signifies that the AO has formed an opinion. The absence of detailed reasons in the assessment order for allowing the claim does not mean the AO did not apply its mind. Therefore, the subsequent attempt to reopen the assessment on the same issue, without any new material, was deemed illegal and invalid. The Court quashed and set aside the impugned notices under Section 148 and the consequent reassessment proceedings.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Pareshbhai Hasmukhbhai Thakkar, filed his return of income for Assessment Year (AY) 2009-10, claiming a deduction of Rs. 77,41,250 under Section 80IB(10) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The return was selected for scrutiny, and the Assessing Officer (AO) issued a questionnaire, specifically regarding the Section 80IB(10) deduction. The assessee responded with necessary materials. The AO passed an assessment order under Section 143(3) on November 4, 2011, allowing the deduction. Subsequently, on March 29, 2014, and March 31, 2014, the AO issued notices under Section 148 to reopen the assessment for AY 2009-10. The assessee objected to the reopening, arguing it was based on a change of opinion. The AO rejected these objections by an order dated January 2, 2015. The assessee then filed a Special Civil Application challenging the notices and the AO's order.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the reopening of assessment for AY 2009-10 under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, by issuing notices dated 29.03.2014 and 31.03.2014, is illegal and invalid, based on a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer? Assessee's Contention: The assessee argued that the reopening was illegal and invalid because the AO had already considered the deduction under Section 80IB(10) in detail during the original assessment under Section 143(3). The assessee provided all necessary materials in response to the AO's questionnaire. Therefore, reopening the assessment on the same issue constituted a mere change of opinion, which is not permissible, especially in the absence of any new tangible material. The assessee relied on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT vs. Kelvinator of India Ltd. and the Gujarat High Court's decision in Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd. vs. ACIT. Revenue's Contention: The revenue contended that the reassessment proceedings were just and proper. It was submitted that the deduction under Section 80IB(10) of Rs. 77,41,250 was allowed mechanically during the original assessment, and the AO had not applied its mind to the issue. The revenue argued that there was no discussion of the deduction in the original assessment order, implying the AO did not form an opinion on its allowability. Therefore, income amounting to Rs. 77,41,250 had escaped assessment.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 147,Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 142(1),Section 80IB(10)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
C/SCA/3806/2015 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION  NO. 3806 of 2015   FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:  HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH                               sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.H.VORA                                 sd/­ ========================================= 1      Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see  the judgment ? NO 2      To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3      Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the  judgment ? NO 4      Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as  to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any  order made thereunder ? NO ============================================= PARESHBHAI HASMUKHBHAI THAKKAR....Petitioner(s) Versus ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX....Respondent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MR SN DIVATIA, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s) No. 1 MR KM PARIKH, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.H.VORA  Date : 05/05/2015

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

By   way   of   this   petition     under   Article   226   of   the Constitution of India, the petitioner has prayed for an appropriate writ, direction and order to quash and set aside the impugned notices dated 29.03.2014 and 31.03.2014, by which, the reassessment for AY 2009­10 is reopened in exercise of powers under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”).

1.1.

The   petitioner   has   also   prayed   for   an   appropriate   writ, direction and order to quash and set aside the impugned order dated 02.01.2015 passed by the AO rejecting the objections of the petitioner and upholding validity of the reassessment proceeding under Section 147 of the Act for AY 2009­10. 2. 0. The facts leading to the present Special Civil Application in nutshell are as under:

2.1.

That the assessee filed his return of income for AY 2009­10 declaring total income at Rs. 15,69,994/­ after claiming deduction under Section  80IB(10)   of   the  Act   of  Rs.  77,41,250/­.   That  the   return  of income was selected for scrutiny. Detailed questionnaire  also asked by the AO more particularly, with respect to deduction  under Section 80IB (10) of the Act claimed by the petitioner­assessee. That the petitioner responded to the said questionnaire and provided all the materials with respect to the claim under Section 80IB(10) of the Act. That thereafter, the AO passed the assessment order under Section 143(3) of the Act on 4.11.2011   for   AY   2009­10   allowing   the   deduction   under   Section 80IB(10) of the Act claim by the petitioner­assessee. That thereafter, however   within   a   period   of   four   weeks   from   the   date   of   relevant assessment year, the AO has issued impugned notices on 29.03.2014 and 31.03.2014  under Section 148 of the Act for AY 2009­10 proposing to reassess   the   total   income.   That   in   response   to   the   said   notice,   the petitioner by letter dated 3.4.2014 requesting the AO to treat the return file on 13.08.2009 in response to the impugned notices under Section 148 of the Act and also sought copy of reasons recorded for reopening, vide   communication   dated   3.4.2014. That   after   a   period   of approximately four months, the petitioner has been served with the reasons recorded on 29.03.2014, along with letter dated 18.07.2014 for reopening   the   concluded   assessment.   That   thereafter,   petitioner   has raised the detailed objection to the reopening vide communication dated 4.9.2014. The petitioner challenged the reopening of assessment mainly on   the   ground   that   while   finalizing   the   original   assessment   under Section 143(3) of the Act, the AO considered the issue in detail, more particularly, deduction claimed by the assessee under Section 80IB(10) of the Act and only thereafter the AO allowed the said deduction and therefore,   to   reopen   the   said   issue   in   exercising   the   powers   under Section 147 of the Act is nothing but change of opinion of the AO and therefore, reopening is not permissible.

2.2.

That   vide   communication   dated   2.1.2015   the   AO   has disposed of the said objection raised by the petitioner assessee to the reopening of the assessment and has overruled the same. Hence, the petitioner has preferred present Special Civil Application under Article 226 of the Constitution of India challenging the impugned reassessment proceedings / impugned notices under Section 148 of the Act for AY 2009­10. 3. 0. Shri   Divatia,   learned   advocate   for   the   petitioner   has vehemently submitted that impugned notice under Section 148 of the Act to reopen, complete and finalize the assessment for AY 2009­10 in exercise of powers under Section 147 of the Act is absolutely illegal and invalid.

3.1.

It is submitted that the finalize and complete assessment for AY 2009­10 has been sought to be reopened on the ground that though the petitioner ­assessee was not entitled to the deduction under Section 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs. 77,41,250/­, the AO had allowed the same and therefore, the income of amounting to Rs.77,41,250/­ has escaped assessment. It is submitted that as such the deduction claimed by the assessee under Section 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs.77,41,250/­ came to be considered by the AO in detailed. It is submitted that as such the case was selected for scrutiny assessment and the petitioner was served with the notice under Section 142(1) of the Act and the AO sent specific questionnaire with respect to the deduction claimed under Section 80IB of the Act. It is submitted that in response to the same the petitioner replied to the same and submitted necessary documents / materials in respect of his claimed under Section 80IB of the Act and only thereafter and having satisfied with the deduction claimed under Section 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs.77,41,250/­. It is submitted that thereafter it not now open for the AO to reopen the complete and finalize the assessment on the very issue. It is submitted that as such in light of the aforesaid fact reopening can  be said  to be of change of opinion of the  AO.  It is submitted that as per the catena of decisions mere change of opinion of the AO, the reassessment / reopening of the assessment under Section 147 of the Act is not justified, more particularly, in absence of any other tangible documents available with AO. Making above submission and relying upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT vs. Kelvinator of India Ltd Section 148 of the Act for AY 2009­10. 4. 0. Shri KM Parikh, learned advocate for the revenue has tried to oppose the present petition. He has heavily relied upon the affidavit in reply filed by the AO in support of his request to dismiss present Special Civil Application .

4.1.

It is submitted that after forming an opinion that the income amounting   to   Rs.77,41,250/­   has   escaped   assessment   within   the meaning of Section 147 of the Act for AY 2009­10, though the deduction under   Section   80IB(10)   of   the   Act   of   Rs.   77,41,250/­   was   itself allowable, same came to be allowed mechanically and therefore, the impugned re­assessment proceedings is absolutely just and proper and in consonance with the Section 147 of the Act.

4.2.

It is vehemently submitted by Shri Parikh, learned advocate for the revenue that from the original assessment order it cannot be said that AO applied its mind with respect deduction claimed by the assessee claim under Section 80IB of the Act. It is submitted that as such there is no discussion at all by the AO with respect to deduction claimed by the assessee, claim under Section 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs. 77,41,250/­. It is submitted that therefore, when it was found that AO allowed the deduction   under   Section   80IB(10)   of   the   Act   of   Rs.   77,41,250/­ mechanically and without making any discussion with respect to such claim and thereafter having forming an opinion and having reason to believe   that   the   income   amounting   to   Rs.77,41,250/­   as   escaped assessment, assumption of the juri iction by the AO to reopen the assessment for AY 209­10 is absolutely just and proper, which is not required to be interfered with by this Court at this stage in exercise of powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Making above submissions, it is requested to dismiss the present Special Civil Application.

5.0.

Heard the learned advocates for the respective parties at length.

6.0.

At the outset, it is required to be noted that finalize and complete   assessment   for   AY   2009­10   is   sought   to   be   reopened   by impugned order on the following reasons recorded. “The assessee is engaged in the building construction business, has filed his return of income for AY 2009­10 on 29.09.2009 declaring   income   of   Rs.   15,69,994/­.   The   assessment   was completed   under   Section   143(3)   and   income   and   returned income was accepted vide order dated 04.11.2011. As   per   sub­section   10   of   the   section     80IB,   the   date   of completion of construction of the housing project shall be taken to the date on which the completion certificate in respect of such housing project is issued by the local authority. It was noticed from the permission order granted for first unit by   local   authority   viz.   Anand   Jilla   Panchayat   dated 07.01.2007   that   as   per   condition   No.2   of   the   order,   the assessee has to complete the project within three years of the date of issuance of this order i.e. assessee has to complete the project by 06.01.2010. As per condition No.3 of the said order, assessee   has   to   intimate   the   Taluka   Development   Officer, Anand   within   one   month   of   completeion   of   construction project. It was further noticed from the condition no. 25 of the said order that breach of any condition of the order would render the permission liable for cancellation. It   was   noticed   that   the   project   of   the   assessee   was   not completed till 14.10.2011 as is evident the fact that assessee in his   submission   dated   14.10.2011   has   mentioned   that   the project   is   in   progress   and   did   not   furnish   any   completion certificate.  Since  neither  the condition  of local authority to complete the project by 06.01.2010, failing which permission was liable to be withdrawn, nor condition of the I.T. Act to complete the project by 31st March 2011  & to obtain certificate from the local authority were fulfilled, deduction u/s 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs.77,41,250/­ was require to be disallowed. In view of the above facts and circumstances, I have reason to believe   that   the   income   amounting   to   Rs.77,41,250/­   has escaped the assessment within the meaning of Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for the assessment year 2009­10. I therefore, issue notice under section 148 of he Act for AY 2009­ 10 to the assessee.”

6.1.

However, it is required to be noted that while filing return of   income   the   petitioner   assessee   claimed   deduction   under   Section 80IB(10) of the Act of Rs.77,41,250/­. That the return of income was selected for scrutiny. The AO issued detail questionnaire with notice under Section 142(1) of the Act on dated 29.07.2011. Question no.7 was with respect to claim of deduction under Section 80IB of the Act, which reads as under:

“17. In respect of your claim of deduction u/s 80IB(10) of the Act: a.   Justify   with   cogent   &   sufficient   evidence   as   to   how   you   are satisfying   the  various  conditions   for  claiming   the  deduction  u/s. 80IB(10). b. The name and complete address of various housing projects in respect of which the deduction u/s. 80IB(10) is claimed. The copy of purchase deed of land (with original for verification) with reference to the housing projects in respect of which the deduction  is claimed. c. Copy of Plan & Layout with approval letter of Local Authority for the housing projects under reference with original for verification. Please also furnish the Broacher of the housing projects. d. Details of residential unit wise built up area of each residential unit with supporting evidence. Please note that the “built up area” is defined to mean the inner measurements of the residential unit at the floor level including the projection and balconies as increased by the thickness of the wall but not include the common are shared with other residential units. e. Date of commencement and completion of the housing project with cogent and sufficient evidences in support thereof. Please also furnish the copy of permission letter of Local Authority for commencement of the construction of project. f. The details is in the following manner in respect of the residential units sold/ booked. Full   name of the person   to/ for   whom sold

/ booked Complete communication address Pan, if any Date of sale/ booking (Rs.) Amount of   sale   / booking (Rs.) Total consideration for which residential unit with sold or   agreed   to sold to sale Residenti al unit number sold/ booked.

6.3.

In response to the same, the petitioner submitted necessary details   along   with   communication   /   reply   dated   14.10.2011,   more particularly, with respect to the deduction under Section 80IB(10) of the Act. Para 17 of the said reply reads as under:

“17. As regards the Deduction u/s 80IB of the IT Act, the desired details are as follows:­ a. The Audit Report for claiming deduction u/s. 80IB is enclosed.   All   the   details   as   regard   the   deduction   are mentioned in the said Report. b. The copy of Purchase Deed of land, in respect of which Deduction is claimed for the Housing Project, is enclosed. c. The copy of Plan and Layout along with the approval letter of prescribed authority is enclosed. d. The details of Residential unit wise Built up Area are enclosed. e. The details, as desired, are mentioned in the   80IB Report and the supporting evidences are enclosed. f. The details, in prescribed format, are enclosed.”

6.4.

That thereafter, AO finalized assessment and passed order of assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act allowing deduction claim by the assessee, claimed under Section 80IB(10) of the Act. Therefore, it cannot be said that while finalizing the original assessment, the AO did not apply its mind and / or amicably allowed the deduction  under Section   80IB   of   the   Act   of   Rs.77,41,250/­   claimed   by   the   assessee. Merely because, while finalizing the assessment under Section 143(3) of the   Act   and   while   allowing   the   deduction   claimed   under   Section 80IB(10) of the Act, AO has chose not to pass any detailed order by that itself, it cannot be said that AO did not apply its mind with respect to deduction under Section 80IB of the Act and / or AO amicably allowed the deduction under Section 80IB(10) of the Act and therefore, it can be said that reopening of the assessment on the aforesaid ground / reason is passed on mere change of opinion of the AO. As held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court as well as this Court in catena of decision in the case of Kelvinator   of   India   Ltd   (supra),   reassessment   on   mere   change   of opinion of the AO is not permissible. In the case of  Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd (supra), the Division Bench of this Court in para 42 and 43 has observed and held as under:

“42. Bearing in mind these conflicting interests, if we revert back to central issue in debate, it can hardly be disputed that once the Assessing Officer notices a certain claim made by the assessee in the return filed, has some doubt about eligibility of such a claim and therefore, raises   queries,   extracts   response   from   the   assessee, thereafter in what manner such claim should be treated in the final order of assessment, is an issue on which the assessee would have no control whatsoever. Whether the Assessing Officer allows such a claim, rejects such a claim or partially allows and partially rejects the claim, are all options available with the Assessing Officer, over which the   assessee   beyond   trying   to   persuade   the   Assessing Officer, would have  no control whatsoever. Therefore, while framing the assessment, allowing the claim fully or partially, in what manner the assessment order should be framed, is totally beyond the control of the assessee. If the   Assessing   Officer,   therefore,   after   scrutinizing   the claim minutely during the assessment proceedings, does not  reject  such  a claim,  but chooses  not  to give  any reasons for such a course of action that he adopts, it can hardly be stated that he did not form an opinion on such a claim. It is not unknown that assessments of larger corporations in the modern day, involve large number of complex   claims,   voluminous   material,   numerous exemptions  and deductions.  If the Assessing  Officer  is burdened with the responsibility of giving reasons for several claims so made and accepted by him, it would even otherwise cast an unreasonable expectation which within   the   short   frame   of   time   available   under   law would be too much to expect him to carry. Irrespective of this, in a given case, if the Assessing Officer on his own for reasons best known to him, chooses not to assign reasons for not rejecting the claim of an assessee after thorough scrutiny, it can hardly be stated by the revenue that the Assessing Officer can not be seen to have formed any opinion on such a claim. Such a contention, in our opinion, would be devoid of merits. If a claim made by the   assessee   in   the   return   is   not   rejected,   it   stands allowed. If such a claim is scrutinized by the Assessing Officer during assessment, it means he was convinced about the validity of the claim. His formation of opinion is thus complete. Merely because he chooses not to assign his reasons in the assessment order would not alter this position.  It  may  be a non­reasoned  order  but not  of acceptance of a claim without formation of opinion. Any other view would give arbitrary powers to the Assessing Officer.

43.

We are, therefore, of the opinion that in a situation where the Assessing Officer during scrutiny assessment, notices   a  claim   of  exemption,  deduction  or  such   like made by the assessee, having some prima facie doubt raises queries, asking the assessee to satisfy him with respect to such a claim and thereafter, does not make any addition in the final order of assessment, he can be stated to have formed an opinion whether or not in the final   order   he   gives   his   reasons   for   not   making   the addition.”

6.5.

Considering the aforesaid decisions of the Division Bench of this Court and applying the same to the facts and circumstances of the case   on   hand,   more   particularly,   when   while   finalizing   original assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act, the AO along with notice under Section 142(1) of the Act sent questionnaire to the petitioner, more particularly, with respect to deduction claimed under Section 80IB of the Act by the assessee and to which petitioner assessee supplied necessary details as required by the AO and only thereafter when the AO allowed the deduction under Section 80IB of the Act claimed by the assessee,   the   impugned   reassessment   proceedings/   reopening   of   the assessment for AY 2009­10 is nothing  but  on mere change of opinion of the AO,  which is not permissible. Under the circumstances, impugned notice under Section 148 of the Act, to reopen the complete and finalize the   assessment   for   AY   2009­10   in   the   impugned   reassessment proceedings for the reasons recorded is absolutely illegal and invalid.

7.0.

In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, petition succeeds. The impugned notices under Section 148 of the Act dated   29.03.2014   and  31.03.2014  to   reopen  the   assessment   for   AY 2009­10 is hereby quashed and set aside and consequently impugned reassessment proceedings for AY 2009­10 is hereby quashed and set aside   on   the   aforesaid  ground   alone.   Rule   is   made  absolute   to   the aforesaid extent. No costs. ­ (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (S.H.VORA, J.) Kaushik

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