BAROQUE PHARMACEUTICALS PRIVATE LIMITED vs. OFFICE OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CIRCLE 1(1)(1)

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SCA/18764/2019HC GujaratGJHC24061630201912 March 2021Bench: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ILESH J. VORA13 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the reopening of the assessment was not justified. The Court found that the assessee had disclosed the necessary documents, statements, and dates regarding the assets put to use during the previous scrutiny assessment. The failure to mention the date in Form 3CD was considered a technical mistake by the auditor, not an omission or failure by the assessee to disclose primary facts. The Court relied on the principle that once primary facts are before the assessing authority, it is for them to draw inferences, and if the Assessing Officer had examined the facts and not disallowed depreciation, it indicated an opinion was formed. The Court also held that the reopening was based on a change of opinion, which is impermissible, citing the judgment in Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd. Vs. ACIT. Therefore, the impugned notice under Section 148 and the subsequent assessment order were quashed and set aside.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Baroque Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, filed its return of income for Assessment Year (AY) 2012-13 declaring a total loss. The assessment under Section 143(3) was completed on March 18, 2015. Subsequently, the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax issued a notice dated March 27, 2019, under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to reopen the assessment for AY 2012-13. The reasons for reopening cited the claim of depreciation on new fixed assets, including plant and machinery, factory building, laboratory equipment, and electric installation, amounting to Rs. 1,19,87,942. The Assessing Officer noted that the auditor had not mentioned the date these assets were put to use in the Form 3CD report, suggesting they were not eligible for depreciation. The assessee objected to the reopening, arguing no failure to disclose, no change of opinion, and no reasons to believe income had escaped assessment. The objections were rejected, leading to the present writ application challenging the notice.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the reopening of assessment under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, is valid when the original assessment under Section 143(3) was completed, and more than four years have elapsed from the end of the relevant assessment year, considering the proviso to Section 147. 2. Whether the Assessing Officer had valid reasons to believe that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment, or if the reopening was based on a mere change of opinion without any new material. Assessee's Contentions: - There was no failure on the part of the company to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assessment. - The reopening is based on a change of opinion and reconsideration of the same issue without new tangible material. - There are no valid reasons to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. Revenue's Contentions: - The assessee failed to disclose requisite full and true material facts with regard to the claim of depreciation. - The issue of depreciation was not dealt with by the Assessing Officer in the previous assessment proceedings, hence it is not a case of change of opinion.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 147,Section 143(3),Section 32,Section 32(1)(iia),Section 151

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD R/SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 18764 of 2019 ================================================================ BAROQUE PHARMACEUTICALS PRIVATE LIMITED Versus OFFICE OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CIRCLE 1(1) (1) ================================================================ Appearance: MR CHINTAN DAVE FOR HLP ASSOCIATES LLP(9263) for the Petitioner(s) No. 1 MRS MAUNA M BHATT(174) for the Respondent(s) No. 1 ================================================================ CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA and HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ILESH J. VORA

Date : 12/03/2021

ORAL ORDER (PER : HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ILESH J. VORA) 1. By filing this writ application  under Article  226, the writ applicant   seeks   to   challenge   the   notice   dated   27.03.2019 issued by the respondent under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (‘the  act’ for short) seeking to reopen the applicant’s income assessment for the A.Y 2012­13. 2. The brief facts can be summarized as under: 2.1 The writ applicant – assessee Company filed its return of Income for the A.Y. 2012­13 on 29.09.2012 declaring total loss at Rs. 34,77,129/­ and an assessment  under Section 143(3) of the Act was completed on 18.03.2015. Page 1 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 2.2 The Assessing Officer has reopened the assessment under Section 147 by issuing impugned notice dated 27.03.2019 under Section 148 of the Act. 2.3  At the request, the reasons recorded have been furnished to the assessee on 15.07.2019, which reads as under : “1.   The   assessee   Baroque   Pharmaceuticals   Private   Limited engaged   in   pharmaceutical   business,   filed   his   return   of income on 29.09.2012 declaring total loss of Rs.34,77,129/­. Assessment   under   Section   143(3)   was   completed   on 18.3.2015 by determining total loss of Rs. 25,47,129/and allowed carried forward unabsorbed loss of A.Y. 2008­09 to 2012­13. 2. On examination of case records, it is observed that the assessee has claimed depreciation on addition of new fixed assets before 30.09.2011 as follows: *   Plant   and   machinery   of   Rs.   2,36,67,132/(claimed depreciation @ 15% + additional depreciation @ 20% of Rs. 82,83,496/­, * Factory building 2,37,47,290/claimed depreciation @ 10% 23,74,729/ * Laboratory equipment Rs. 63,96,975/claimed depreciation @ 15% of Rs. 9,59,846/­ * Electric installation Rs. 36,98,715/(claimed depreciation @ 10% of Rs. 3,69,87 1/­, It is further noticed that the auditor has not mentioned the date on which these new project assets were put to use as required in column no. 18(d) of 3CD report. 3. As per section 32 of the Act, depreciation is allowed if the  assets  is  acquired  and  put  to  use   for  the  purpose  of business   or   profession   during   the   relevant   financial   year. Further the assessee is also eligible for additional depreciation as   per   the   provisions   of   section   32(1)(iia).   The   basic condition   for   claiming   depreciation   is   that   the   assets   is acquired   and   put   to   use   for   the   purpose   of   business   or profession during the relevant financial.,In addition to this, information   regarding,   addition/deletion   in   fixed   assets   is required to be furnished in column no. 18(d) of 3CD report by   the   auditor.   In   this   case,   the   assessee   has   claimed depreciation and additional depreciation amounting to Rs. Page 2 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 1,19,87,942/­ for AY 2012­13. From the perusal of the 3CD report, it is noticed that the auditor has not furnished the date of put to use for the assets which have been acquired during the year under consideration. Therefore it is clear that the   assessee   has   not   put   to­use   the   assets   which   were acquired   during   the   year   and   is   not   eligible   for   claiming depreciation on such assets. As such the assets have not been put   to   use   during   the   year   under   consideration,   the depreciation   claimed   by   the   assessee   amounting   to   Rs. 1,19,87,942/­ is required to be disallowed. In view of the above, I have reasons to believe that there is an escapement of income from fax of Rs. 1,19,87,942/­ and. it is a fit case for issuing notice u/s. 148 of the Act. 4. In this case, a return of income was filed for the year under consideration and assessment u/s. 143(3) of the Act was completed on 18.03.2015. Since 4 years from the end of the relevant year has expired in this case, the requirements to initiate proceedings u/s 147 of the Act are reason to believe that income for the year under consideration has escaped, assessment because of failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assessment for the assessment year under consideration. It is pertinent to mention here that reasons to believe that income has escaped assessment for the year under consideration have been recorded above. 5. I   have   carefully   considered   the   assessment   records containing the submissions made by the assessee in response to various notices issued during the assessment proceedings and have  noted that the assessee has not fully and truly disclosed   the   facts   in   respect   of   depreciation   claimed. Moreover   the   assessee   has   not   disallowed   suo­moto   the depreciation claimed which were not put to use during the year   under   consideration   and   never   furnished   any information in this regard. Hence there is failure on assessee’s part   as   the   assessee   intentionally   claimed   deprecation   on assets which were not eligible for deprecation. It is true that the assessee has filed a copy of annual report and audited P&L   A/c   and   balance   sheet   along   with   return   of   income where various information/material were disclosed. However, the  requisite   full  and  true  disclosure   of  all  material  facts necessary for assessment has not been made as noted above. It is important to highlight here that material facts relevant for the assessment on the issue under consideration were not fled during the course of assessment proceedings and the same   may   be   embedded   in   annual   report,   audited   P&L Account,   balance   sheet   and   books   of   account   in   such   a manner that it would require due diligence by the AO to Page 3 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER extract these information. For aforestated reasons, it is not a case of change of opinion by the AO. 6. Further, in this case more than four years have lapsed from the end of the assessment year under consideration. Hence necessary sanction to issue notice u/s. 148 is requested from the Pr. Commissioner of Income Tax as per the provision of section 151 of the Act. ” 2.4 The   writ   applicant   raised   the   objections   vide   its communication dated 19.07.2019, mainly on the following issues on facts and law: (i) No failure on the part of the company to disclose fully   and   truly   all   material   facts   necessary   for   the assessment; (ii) It is not open for the respondent to reopen the assessment merely on the basis of change of opinion and reconsideration of the same without any new and tangible material available on record. (iii) No reasons to believe that income chargeable to tax escaped assessment. 2.5   The objections came to be rejected by the respondent vide order dated 20.08.2019.

3.

Being aggrieved by the disposal of the objections against the notice for reopening of the assessment, the writ applicant has come up before this Court with the present writ application. 4. We   have   heard   Mr.   Chintan   Dave,   the   learned   advocate appearing for the writ applicant and Mrs. Mauna Bhatt, the learned Standing Counsel appearing for the revenue. Page 4 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 5. Mr. Chintan Dave, the learned Counsel appearing for the writ applicant  vehemently   submitted   that   in   this   case,  the impugned notice and reopening proceedings are patently bad, illegal and contrary to the law. He further submitted that in view   of   proviso   to   Section   147   of   the   Act,   where   an assessment   under   Section   143   had   been   made   for   the assessment year in question, no action could be taken for reassessment under Section 147 after the expiry of 4 years from the end of the relevant year unless it could be shown that any income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment, by reason of failure on the part of the assessee to make a return  under  Section  139 or in  response to  notice issued under   Section   142(1)   or   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all material facts necessary for the year under consideration. The learned counsel submitted that the case of the revenue is that the assessee company failed to disclose fully and truly the facts in respect of the depreciation claimed  and in the 3D report, auditor did not have mentioned the date of put to use for assets which had been acquired during the year under consideration.  In   this   regard,   he   has   urged   that   in   the previous assessment proceedings, the assessee had furnished all the details of purchases of the assets and disclosed the date on which the assets were put to use and further clarified with   regard   to   transfer   of   assets   from   new   project   with supporting evidences.  In this circumstances, when there was a complete disclosure with regard to depreciation claimed, the reopening beyond 4 years is illegal, bad in law. Page 5 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 6. Mr.   Chintan   Dave,   the   learned  counsel   appearing   for   the applicant has submitted that the issuance of notice is nothing but a change of opinion as all the details were available during  the   course   of   original   assessment   proceedings   and after   verification   by   the   Assessing   Officer   the   claim   of depreciation was allowed. Therefore, on the same set of facts without   any   tangible   material,   the   reopening   cannot   be permitted. 7. In view of the aforesaid contention, the learned counsel for the writ application submitted that, the impugned notice as well as the order of disposing off the objections are bad, illegal   and   without   jurisdiction   and   therefore,   the   same deserve to be quashed and set aside and accordingly, the writ application may be allowed. 8. On   the   other   hand,  Mrs.   Mauna   Bhatt,   learned   Standing Counsel appearing for the revenue has vehemently opposed the writ application,  contending that  while filing return of income for the year under consideration, the writ applicant had not fulfilled the condition for claiming deduction under Section 32 of the Act. In this regard, it was pointed out that though the writ applicant was knowing the requirement for claiming the benefit under Section 32, it was not brought to the notice of the respondents during the course of earlier assessment, which has resulted into escapement of income. In that view of the matter, she submitted that the auditor of assessee failed to mention date of put to use the assets during Page 6 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER the   year   while   submitting   Form   3CD,   which   clearly established that the assets which had been acquired during the year under consideration, were not put to use during the under consideration. She further submitted that when it has come to the notice of the Assessing Officer that there was no full   and   true   disclosure   by   the   assessee,   fulfilling   the condition   of   deduction   under   Section   32   of   the   Act,   the revenue is justified in reopening the assessment. 9. In view of the above contentions, the learned counsel for the revenue   urged   that   the   writ   application   may   not   be entertained. 10. Having  heard   the   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the respective parties and having gone through the materials on record, the only question that falls for our consideration is whether the revenue is justified in reopening the assessment. 11. It is not disputed that during the previous scrutiny assessment proceedings,   the   Assessing   Officer   vide   letter   dated 28.11.2014   (Annexure   –   I,   page­215)   had   called   for   file copies of purchase bills of new assets and the evidence as to date on which the assets were put to use and also asked to furnish the clarification with regard to transfer of assets from new project  and supporting evidences. In response to the letter   dated   28.11.2014,   the   assessee   had   furnished   the complete   details   as   called   for   and   further   submitted   the copies  of invoices  / challans  / ledger accounts.  It is also required to be noted that while passing the order disposing of Page 7 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER objections  filed against the notice under Section 148, the Assessing Officer has observed that “date of put to use” given by the assessee is not acceptable as it was not certified by the auditor and therefore, the objection raised by the assessee is not sustainable. 12. We take the notice of the fact that on the basis of details furnished by the assessee and after thorough verification of the   same,   the   then   Assessing   Officer   vide   order   dated 25.03.2015 framed the assessment under Section 143(3) of the   Act   and  thought   it   not   fit   to   disallow   the   claim   of depreciation   and   additional   depreciation   amount   Rs. 1,19,87,942/­ for the year under consideration. 13. We have carefully examined the reasons recorded for the reopening of the assessment. The assessment is sought to be reopened mainly on the ground that assessee is not eligible to claim   the   depreciation   and   additional   depreciation   under Section 32 of the Act as auditor of the assessee had not mentioned the date of put to use assets, which had been acquired during the year under consideration. The Assessing Officer has noticed that the auditor has not mentioned the date in the Form 3CD and raised the inference that the assets were not used in the year under consideration. 14. In the background of the aforesaid facts, in the case on hand, we   have   examined   all   the   material   facts   and   upon  plain reading of the reasons recorded, we are of the view that the impugned notice is bad in law and contrary to the Section Page 8 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 147 of the Act and reopening is not permissible in eye of law mainly on the ground of “change of opinion” and there was no failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly primary materials for the assessment of the year under consideration. 15. We have considered the earlier case materials of the previous assessment proceedings, more particularly, the letter dated 28.11.2014 and the explanation dated 22.12.2014 in support of the claim of depreciation under Section 32 of the Act, it cannot   be   stated   that   the   assessee   failed   to   disclose   the necessary dates of put to use for assets acquired during the year  under  consideration.   The   assessee   had  furnished  the details of the additions  before 30.9.2011 and after 30.9.2011 which clearly established that there was no suppression of true facts with regard to date of use of the assets. Even this very facts having been admitted by the revenue while passing the order of disposing the objection raised by the assessee. The technical mistake of the auditor detected by the revenue is that he failed to mention the date in the Form 3CD at the time of submitting the report. We are of the view that at the relevant time, the then Assessing Officer had examined the issue at length and did not disallow the depreciation claim. Therefore, in our view, now on the same set of facts and material,  which   were   earlier   examined   by   the   Assessing Officer, the initiation of the reassessment proceedings under Section 147 by issuing notice is nothing but a change of opinion in the hands of the Assessing Officer. Page 9 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER 16. Mrs,   Mauna   Bhatt,   the   learned   Standing   Counsel   for   the revenue has raised the contention that principle of change of opinion would not applicable in the present case as in the previous   assessment   proceedings   the   issue   of   depreciation was not dealt with by the Assessing Officer while passing the order. 17. We do not agree with the contention raised by the learned counsel   for   the   revenue.   In   our   opinion   the   issue   of depreciation examined by the erstwhile Assessing Officer is enough to invoke the principle of change of opinion. In this context, we may refer and rely of the judgment of this Court in case of Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd Vs. ACIT (2013) 350 ITR 266, wherein, it was held that merely because of the Assessing Officer does not set out the details reasons for not making   the   dis­allowance,   it   cannot   be   inferred   that   the Assessing Officer has not formed an opinion on the issue. So far   as   the   formation   of   opinion   is   concerned,   all   that   is necessary,   the   matter  should   have  been   examined  by   the Assessing Officer.  We quote para 5 and 6 of the judgment, which read thus : “5.     xxxx  in a situation where  the Assessing Officer during scrutiny assessment, notices a claim of exemption, deduction or such like made by the assessee, having some prima facie doubt raises queries, asking the assessee to satisfy him with respect to such a claim and thereafter, does not make any addition in the final order of assessment, he can be stated to have formed an opinion whether or not in the final order he gives his reasons for not making the addition. 6. Having noticed the fact that the Assessing  Officer had Page 10 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER raised specific questions vide requisite notice dated 15.10.2010 with respect to allowability on “loss on sale of stores” and that the assesses had explained the same – without any follow­up question   by   the   Assessing   Officer   in   this   regard,   in   our considered view, the Assessing Officer had indeed formed an opinion about the deductability of loss on sale of stores. It is also not in dispute that no new material has come to the light on account of which the present assessment proceedings were reopened. On these facts, in our considered view, the reopening was clearly on account of change of opinion by the Assessing Officer – something which is impermissible under the scheme of the Act and in the light of binding judicial precedent. In the light   of   there   discussions   and   respectfully   following   the esteemed views of Hon’ble jurisdictional High Court in the case of   Gujarat   Power   Corpn.   Ltd.   (supra),   we   uphold   the grievances   of   the   assessee   and   quash   the   impugned reassessment proceedings.”

18.

It is the contention of the revenue that the assessee has not disclosed requisite full and true material facts with regard to claim of depreciation. 19. We have perused the necessary materials produced on record as indicated above, which adequately establishes that during the   previous   scrutiny  assessment   proceedings   the   assessee had   disclosed   the   necessary   documents,   statements   along with dates with regard to the assets which were put to use during   the   year   under   consideration.   The   only   technical mistake committed by the auditor was the failure to mention the date in the prescribed Form 3CD. The materials on record indicate that the primary facts with regard to the date of put to   use   of   the   assets   had   been   disclosed   and   same   was examined by the Assessing Officer at the relevant time. In this context,   we   may   refer   to   the   case   of  Calcutta   Discount Company Ltd (AIR 1961) SC 372. In para­9, the Apex Court Page 11 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER held that  once all the primary facts are before the assessing authority,   he   requires   no   further   assistance   by   way   of disclosure. It is for him to decide what inferences of facts can be reasonably drawn and what legal inference is have ultimately to be drawn. In the case on hand, upon disclosure made by the assessee with regard to the date for put to use of the assets, the   Assessing   Officer   thought   fit   not   to   disallow   the depreciation   claimed   by   the   assessee.   Therefore,   when primary materials having been disclosed bonafide, a mere technical mistake committed by the auditor, could not be said to be an “omission” or “failure” to disclose fully and truly all material facts for the assessment by the assessee. Therefore, the   contention   raised   by   the   revenue   that   there   was   a nondisclosure of the material facts by the assessee has no merits. 20. In view of the aforesaid discussions made hereinabove and reasons thereof, we hold that the Assessing Officer is not justified in reopening the assessment of the assessee and he could not have issued the impugned notice under Section 148 of the Act and initiation of proceedings is without jurisdiction and contrary to law. 21. Accordingly, present writ application succeeds and impugned notice dated 27.03.2019 issued under Section 148 of the Act is hereby quashed and set aside. We have been informed that after filing the present writ application, the final assessment order has been framed by the respondent. However, once the Page 12 of 13

C/SCA/18764/2019 ORDER notice is held invalid, then subsequently proceedings on the basis of the notice also cannot be sustained and therefore, the assessment order dated 22.10.2019 is also quashed and set aside. (J. B. PARDIWALA, J) (ILESH J. VORA,J) P.S. JOSHI Page 13 of 13

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