J R STEEL INDUSTRIES vs. CUSTOMS EXCISE AND SERVICE TAXAPPELLATE TRIBUNAL

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TAXAP/227/2013HC GujaratGJHC24022705201321 August 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MS. JUSTICE SONIA GOKANI23 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the questions raised in the appeals are answered in favour of the revenue and against the assessee. It was held that in the facts and circumstances, on the dismissal of the appeal preferred by the assessee raising the issue with respect to the liability for penal action, the appeal preferred by the revenue for enhancement of the penalty against the order passed by the adjudicating authority would not be barred on the ground of merger and consequently would be maintainable. This means the revenue cannot be debarred from challenging the order passed by the adjudicating authority with respect to the quantum of penalty, which was neither the subject matter of appeal before the Appellate Commissioner nor was it considered by the Appellate Commissioner. The High Court found no error in the CESTAT's decision to set aside the orders of the Commissioner (Appeals) that dismissed the revenue's appeals solely on the ground of merger, and directing the Commissioner (Appeals) to decide the revenue's appeals afresh. The appeals were dismissed.

What were the facts?

The assessee, J R Steel Industries, manufactured non-alloy hot-rolled products and was subject to duty under Section 3A of the Central Excise Act, 1944, and Rule 96ZP of the Central Excise Rules, 1944. The assessee failed to discharge its monthly duty liability on time, leading to a show-cause notice. The Deputy Commissioner imposed a penalty of Rs. 6,000, significantly lower than the maximum permissible amount. The assessee appealed, arguing it was not liable for any penalty. The Commissioner (Appeals) dismissed the assessee's appeal, confirming the penalty. Subsequently, the revenue appealed to the Commissioner (Appeals) seeking enhancement of the penalty. However, the Commissioner (Appeals) dismissed the revenue's appeal on the grounds of merger, stating the original order had merged with the appellate order confirming the penalty. The revenue then appealed to the CESTAT, which, by a majority decision, set aside the Commissioner (Appeals)'s order and remanded the matter for fresh consideration.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, once the Appellate Tribunal rejects the assessee's challenge to the penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority, the revenue can file an appeal before the Commissioner seeking enhancement of the penalty? (Question of law) 2. Whether, once the Commissioner rejects the assessee's appeal against a penalty, the revenue's appeal for enhancement would be barred due to the merger of the adjudicating authority's order into the Commissioner's order rejecting the assessee's appeal? (Question of law) Assessee's Contentions: - The revenue's appeal for enhancement of penalty is barred by merger because the Commissioner (Appeals) had dismissed the assessee's appeal against the penalty order. The original order of the adjudicating authority had merged with the Commissioner (Appeals)'s order. Therefore, the revenue could not challenge the quantum of penalty. The revenue's only recourse would have been to invoke revisionary powers under Section 35E of the Act, which it did not do. Revenue's Contentions: - The revenue argued that its appeal for enhancement of penalty was maintainable. The issue before the Commissioner (Appeals) in the assessee's appeal was solely about the liability to pay penalty, not the quantum. The Commissioner (Appeals) confirmed the liability, which was in favour of the revenue. Therefore, the quantum of penalty was not adjudicated, and the principle of merger did not apply to bar the revenue's appeal for enhancement.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 3A,Section 35A,Section 35E

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/227/2013 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 227 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 228 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 229 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 230 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 294 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 328 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 329 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 330 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 331 of 2013 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 360 of 2013   FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:  HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MS JUSTICE SONIA GOKANI ============================================= 1. Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see  the judgment ? Yes 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? Yes 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the  judgment ? No 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to  the interpretation of the constitution of India, 1950 or any  order made thereunder ? No 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? No ============================================= J R STEEL INDUSTRIES....Appellant(s) Versus CUSTOMS EXCISE AND SERVICE TAXAPPELLATE TRIBUNAL  &  1....Opponent(s) ============================================= Page 1 of 23 O/TAXAP/227/2013 JUDGMENT Appearance: MR ANAND NAINAWATI, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 MR HRIDAY BUCH, ADVOCATE for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ­ 2 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MS JUSTICE SONIA GOKANI   Date : 21/08/2013

COMMON ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH) [1.0] As   common   question   of   law   and   facts   arise   in   this   group   of appeals, all these appeals are disposed of by this common judgment and order. The following short but an interesting questions of law are posed for consideration of this Court in present group of appeals “(i) Whether once the Appellate Tribunal rejects the assessee’s   challenge   to   the   penalty   imposed   by   the adjudicating authority, revenue can file appeal before the Commissioner seeking enhancement of the penalty? (ii)Whether   once   the   Commissioner   rejects   assessee’s appeal   against   penalty,   the   revenue’s   appeal   for enhancement   would   be   barred   since   the   order   of adjudicating authority would have merged in the order of the Commissioner rejecting appeal of the assessee?” [2.0] As common question of facts arise in all these appeals, facts of Tax Appeal No.227/2013 would be considered for the sake of convenience. Facts in Tax Appeal No.227/2013 in nut­shell are as under: [2.1] That the appellant herein – assessee was manufacturing Non­Alloy Hot­Re­rolled Products falling under Chapter 72 of the First Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. That the said products were notified goods   under   erstwhile   Section   3A   of   the   Central   Excise   Act,   1944 [hereinafter referred to as “Act”] and the levy and payment of duty in respect of  the  goods  were  governed by  erstwhile  Rule  96ZP of  the Central Excise Rules, 1944 [hereinafter referred to as “Rules”].  That the assessee was availing the scheme described under Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules for the purpose of the payment of duty leviable on the goods.  The assessee was required to pay amount equally to one­twelfth of their full and final duty liability for the year, every month by 10th of such month. It appears that assessee failed to discharge its duty liability within the stipulated time under Rule 96ZP(3) and therefore, was liable for penal action under section 96ZP(3) of the Rules.   That a show­cause notice was issued by the adjudicating authority and the assessee was required to show­cause to the Deputy Commissioner, Central Excise, Bhavnagar to show­cause as to why the penalty should not be imposed upon them under   Rule   96ZP(3)   and   Rule   173Q(1)   of   the   Rules   for   the contravention of Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules.  That the assessee submitted its   written   reply.     That   the   Deputy   Commissioner,   Central   Excise Division,   Bhavnagar   passed   the   Order   in   Original   [OIO]   dated 28.07.2004 imposing the penalty of Rs.6000/­ only.  At this stage it is required to be noted that the amount outstanding at the end of the respective month was of Rs.6,96,418/­ and as per  proviso (iv) to Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules, imposition of penalty is mandatory once there is delay in payment of duty and the maximum penalty under the said proviso shall be an amount equal to the duty outstanding at the end of such month and minimum shall be Rs.5000/­. However, by observing that considering discretion conferred on the adjudicating authority, by the aforesaid OIO, the Deputy Commissioner imposed the penalty of Rs.6000/­ only. At this stage it is required to be noted that there were in all number   of   show­cause   notices   came   to   be   adjudicated   by   the   said Deputy   Commissioner   with   respect   to   the   different   amount   of   duty outstanding at the end of the concerned month, by common Order in Original Nos.207 to 236 of 2004, the Deputy Commissioner imposed the penalty of Rs.6000/­ only for each of the notices upon the concerned assessee. [2.2] Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   Order   in   Original passed by the Deputy Commissioner imposing the penalty of Rs.6000/­, the assessee preferred appeal before the Appellate Commissioner and the only question which was raised by the assessee before the Appellate Commissioner was that the assessee is not liable for penal action and was   not   liable   to   pay   the   penalty   at   all.     That   the   Commissioner (Appeals)   by   common   order   dated   17.02.2005   dismissed   the   said appeals holding that the assessee is liable to pay the penalty provided under the erstwhile Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules and consequently the Commissioner (Appeals) dismissed the appeal preferred by the assessee. [2.3] That thereafter feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order passed by the Deputy Commissioner imposing the penalty of Rs.6000/­ only, the revenue preferred appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals) for enhancement of the penalty.  However, the Commissioner (Appeals) dismissed the said appeal solely on the ground that as against the Order in Original passed by the Deputy Commissioner the appeal preferred by the assessee came to be dismissed by it and the order of penalty came to be confirmed, thereafter the appeal preferred by the revenue against the very order would not be maintainable on the ground of merger. [2.4] Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order passed by the Commissioner   (Appeals)   dismissing   the   said   appeal,   the   revenue preferred appeal before the Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal [hereinafter referred to as “CESTAT”].   That at the time of hearing of the appeal, there was a difference of opinion between the Members of the Bench.  One Member took the view that on the ground of   merger   the   appeal   preferred   by   the   revenue   would   not   be maintainable and another Member held that appeal preferred by the revenue would be maintainable therefore, the matter was referred to the third Member of the  Bench who concurred with  the view taken by another Member of the Bench that despite the fact that the appeal preferred by the assessee against the penalty is dismissed, the revenue is not debarred from preferring the appeal for enhancement of the penalty and therefore, the appeal at the instance of the revenue in enhancement of the penalty would be maintainable.   Consequently, by majority the order passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) came to be set aside and by impugned judgment and order the  CESTAT has remanded the matter to the   Commissioner   (Appeals)   for   fresh   decision   after   following   the principles of natural justice. [2.5] Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the CESTAT holding that despite the fact that the appeal preferred by the assessee against the penalty is dismissed by the Commissioner (Appeals), it would not debar the revenue preferring the appeal   before   the   Commissioner   (Appeals)   for   enhancement   of   the penalty, the assessee has preferred the present Tax Appeal raising the aforesaid substantial question of law. [3.0] Shri   Nainawati,   learned   advocate   appearing   on   behalf   of   the appellants   –   assessee   has   vehemently   submitted   that   the   learned Tribunal   has   materially   erred   in   holding   that   despite   the   fact   that Commissioner (Appeals) rejected the assessee’s appeal against the order of   penalty   imposed   by   the   adjudicating   authority   and   consequently confirming the order of penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority, still   the   appeal   preferred   by   the   revenue   against   the   very   order   of penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority, but for enhancement of penalty is not barred and would be maintainable.   It is vehemently submitted by Shri Nainawati, learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellants that as the order of penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority came to be confirmed by the Appellate Commissioner while rejecting the assessee’s appeal challenging the penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority, the revenue’s appeal for enhancement of penalty would be barred since the order of adjudicating authority would merge in the order of the Commissioner (Appeals) rejecting the appeal of the assessee. [3.1] It   is   further   submitted   by   Shri   Nainawati,   learned   advocate appearing on behalf of the assessee that even in an appeal preferred by the assessee before the Appellate Commissioner under section 35A of the Act, challenging the penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority, it was   open   for   the   Appellate   Commissioner   even   to   consider   the enhancement of the penalty.   It is further submitted that even in the present case while rejecting the appeal preferred by the assessee against the   penalty   imposed   by   the   adjudicating   authority,   the   Appellate Commissioner   had   specifically   observed   that   the   lower   adjudicating authority while adjudicating the OIO has already taken the lenient view by imposing nominal penalty and therefore, the OIO does not warrant interference.  It is submitted that under the circumstances thereafter it was not open for the revenue to prefer appeal against the OIO before the Appellate Commissioner and in such a situation the only remedy which would be available to the revenue would be either to prefer the appeal against the order passed by the Appellate Commissioner passed in an appeal preferred by the assessee or to take the order passed by the Appellate   Commissioner   under   revision   in   exercise   of   powers   under section 35E of the Act.   It is submitted, therefore, while passing the impugned order, the Tribunal has not properly appreciated the scope and ambit of section 35A of the Act. [3.2] It   is   further   submitted   by   Shri   Nainawati,   learned   advocate appearing on behalf of the appellants that the learned Tribunal has materially erred in heavily relying upon the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of  CCE, Mumbai vs. Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. reported in 2009(233) ELT 446 (Bom.).  It is submitted that even in the said decision the Bombay High Court has specifically held that “the principle of doctrine of merger must result in a challenge to the entire order becoming final”.  It is submitted that even otherwise on facts the said decision would not be applicable, as in the case before the Bombay High Court two appeals were filed i.e. one by the assessee and another by the revenue with respect to the different parts of the same order and the appeal preferred by the assessee came to be dismissed on the ground of non­deposit and to that the Bombay High Court held that doctrine of merger would not apply and the other appeal will have to be decided on its own merits.  It is submitted that therefore, the learned Tribunal has materially erred in relying upon the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. (Supra). [3.3] Shri   Nainawati,   learned   advocate   appearing   on   behalf   of   the appellants has heavily and mainly relied upon the following decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court (i) CIT, Bombay vs. Amritlal Bhogilal & Co. AIR 1958 SC 868; (ii) (1969)2 SCC 74; (iii) Chandi Prasad & Others vs. Jagdish Prasad & Others (2004)8 SCC 724 Relying upon aforesaid decisions it is submitted that once the Appellate Commissioner rejected the appeal preferred by the assessee challenging   the   penalty   imposed   by   the   adjudicating   authority   and consequently   confirming   the   order   of   penalty   imposed   by   the adjudicating authority, thereafter the revenue’s appeal for enhancement would be barred on the ground of merger.  No other submissions have been made. Making above submissions and relying upon above decisions, it is requested to answer the aforesaid questions raised, in favour of the assessee and allow the present appeals by quashing and setting aside the impugned   judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   Tribunal   by holding that once the Appellate Commissioner rejects assessee’s appeal against the penalty, the revenue’s appeal for enhancement would be barred on the ground of merger. [4.0] All   these   appeals   are   opposed   by   Shri   Hriday   Buch,   learned Central   Government   Standing   Counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the revenue. It is submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, the learned   Tribunal   has   not   committed   any   error   and/or   illegality   in holding that the appeals preferred by the revenue for enhancement of penalty   would   be   maintainable   before   the   Appellate   Commissioner, despite the fact that the appeal preferred by the assessee against the order   of   penalty   imposed   by   the   adjudicating   authority   has   been dismissed and the appeal for enhancement of penalty by Revenue would not be barred on the ground of merger. [4.1] It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf   of   the   revenue   that   as   such   the   issue   before   the   Appellate Commissioner in the appeal preferred by the assessee was a limited issue and the limited issue raised by the assessee was whether the assessee is liable for penal action on account of delay on their part in discharging their duty liability within time stipulated under erstwhile Rule 96ZP(3) of   the   Rules   under   the   compounded   levy   of   scheme   or   not.     It   is submitted that as such in the appeal preferred by the assessee which came to be dismissed, there was no issue raised with respect to the quantum of appeal.  It is submitted therefore as such there was no lis between the parties in appeal preferred by the assessee with respect to the quantum of the penalty.  It is submitted that in the appeal preferred by the assessee which came to be dismissed, the Appellate Commissioner considered the aforesaid limited issue only and held that the assessee is liable for penal action.  It is submitted that no other question/issue was before the Appellate Commissioner.  It is submitted that therefore so far as the issue with respect to the quantum of penalty is concerned, it cannot be said that while dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee in which the only issue was with respect to the liability of the assessee to pay the penalty, it cannot be said that the issue with respect to the adequacy and/or the quantum of penalty is merged and thereafter it is not open for the revenue to prefer appeal for enhancement of penalty.  It is submitted that if the contention on behalf of the assessee is accepted, in that case, any assessee would prefer appeal, get it dismissed without any further adjudication of the appeal on merits and thereafter would contend that thereafter it is not open for the revenue to prefer appeal.  It is submitted that unless and until there is a lis between the parties on particular issue and there is a decision by the Appellate Commissioner on merits on a particular issue then and then only the question with respect to merger will arise. [4.2] It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf  of  the   revenue  that  in   the   present   case  as  such   there  is  no question of taking the order passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) in revision under section 35E of the Act as contended on behalf of the appellant – assessee as, as such the order passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) holding that the assessee liable to pay penalty is in favour of the revenue. [4.3] It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the revenue that assuming that the Commissioner (Appeals) has jurisdiction to enhance the penalty  suo moto  while deciding the appeal under section 35A of the Act, in that case also, it would not debar the   revenue   in   preferring   an   independent   appeal   against   the   order passed by the adjudicating authority for enhancement of the penalty.  It is submitted that as such the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant is not disputing that against the order of adjudicating authority imposing the penalty, the revenue cannot prefer appeal before the Appellate Commissioner for enhancement of the penalty. [4.4] It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the revenue that as such the Commissioner (Appeals) while dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee against the order of penalty imposed by the adjudicating authority,  did not consider the adequacy and/or quantum of the penalty at all as the said issue was not at all before it. It is submitted that while dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee dealing with the issue with respect to the liability of the assessee to pay the penalty in breach of Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules, passing observation is made that the lower adjudicating authority while adjudicating  the  OIO has already  taken  a lenient  view by imposing nominal penalty.  It is submitted that any passing observation without any lis between the parties with respect to quantum of penalty, would not   debar   the   revenue   in   preferring   the   appeal   against   OIO,   for enhancement of the penalty.  It is submitted therefore no error and/or illegality has been committed by the learned Tribunal while holding that the appeal preferred by the revenue before the Appellate Commissioner for enhancement would be maintainable and is not barred on the ground of merger as alleged. [4.5] It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the revenue that as such the issue raised in the present appeals is squarely covered by the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the It is submitted that in the said decision the Hon’ble Supreme Court has considered   all   the   decisions   which   are   relied   upon   by   the   learned counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee.  It is submitted that in the aforesaid decision the Hon’ble Supreme Court has considered in deatail the doctrine of merger in extenso and in detail. [4.6] It is further submitted that the learned Tribunal has rightly relied upon the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. (Supra).   It is further submitted by Shri Buch, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the revenue that on facts the decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the assessee in the case of Amritlal Bhogilal & Co. (Supra); Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar (Supra) and Somnath Sahu (Supra) and even in the case of Chandi Prasad & Others (Supra) would not be applicable to the facts of the present   case.     It   is   submitted   that   all   the   aforesaid   decisions   are distinguishable on facts. Making above submissions and relying upon above decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Pearl Drinks Ltd. (Supra) and the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. (Supra), it is requested to dismiss all these appeals and answer the question in favour of the revenue. [5.0] Heard learned advocates appearing on behalf of the respective parties   at   length.     In   this   group   of   appeals   the   question   posed   for consideration   is  whether   once   the   Appellate   Tribunal   rejects   the assessee’s   challenge   to   the   penalty   imposed   by   the   adjudicating authority, revenue can file appeal before the Appellate Commissioner seeking   enhancement   of   the   penalty?     Whether   once   the Commissioner rejects assessee’s appeal against penalty, the revenue’s appeal for enhancement would be barred on the ground of merger i.e. on the ground that the order of adjudicating authority would merge in the order of the Appellate Commissioner rejecting appeal of the assessee? [5.1] In the present case as stated hereinabove, against the order passed by   the   adjudicating   authority   imposing   the   penalty   under   Section 96ZP(3)   of   the   Rules,   the   assessee   preferred   appeal   before   the Commissioner   (Appeals).     Before   the   Appellate   Commissioner   the limited issue raised by the assessee was whether the assessee is liable for penal action on account of delay on their part in discharging their duty liability within the time stipulated under the erstwhile Rule 96ZP(3) of the Central Excise Rules, 1944 under the compounded levy of scheme or not.   No other issue was at large before the Appellate Commissioner. The Appellate Commissioner decided the  aforesaid issue against the assessee   and   consequently   dismissed   the   appeal.   Therefore,   at   the relevant  time   when   the   Appellate   Commissioner   decided   the   appeal preferred   by   the   assessee   against   the   penalty   imposed   by   the adjudicating authority, the Appellate Commissioner had no occasion to consider the quantum of penalty, as the said issue was not raised at all. Thus, at the relevant time, when the Appellate Commissioner decided and dismissed the appeal preferred by the assessee, there was no  lis between the parties with respect to quantum of the penalty.  In backdrop of the above facts, aforesaid questions raised in the present appeals are required to be considered. [5.2] It is the case on behalf of the assessee that as once the appeal preferred by the assessee against the order of penalty imposed by the adjudicating   authority   came   to   be   dismissed   by   the   Appellate Commissioner and consequently, the order passed by the adjudicating authority imposing the penalty came to be confirmed by the Appellate Commissioner,   thereafter,   the   appeal   preferred   by   the   revenue   for enhancement of the penalty would be barred on the ground of merger of the OIO into the order passed by the Appellate Commissioner and the only   remedy   available   would   be   to   take   the   order   passed   by   the Appellate Commissioner into revision under Section 35E of the Act.  The aforesaid   has   no   substance   and   cannot   be   accepted.   As   stated hereinabove, the only issue before the Appellate Commissioner in the appeal preferred by the assessee was whether the assessee was liable for penal action or not i.e. with respect to the liability of the assessee to pay the penalty.   The question with respect to quantum of penalty was neither raised by the assessee nor the same was the issue before the Appellate Commissioner.   Thus, neither there was any  lis  between the parties   with   respect   to   the   quantum   of   penalty   nor   the   Appellate Commissioner had any occasion to consider the issue with respect to quantum of penalty.  Under the circumstances, the revenue cannot be precluded from preferring the appeal before the Appellate Commissioner for enhancement of the penalty.  As stated hereinabove, as the issue with respect to quantum of appeal was not at large before the Commissioner (Appeals) and the appeal preferred by the assessee came to be dismissed with respect to another issue raised, by dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee answering the issue raised in the appeal i.e. with respect to the liability of the assessee to pay the penalty, it cannot be said that with respect to the quantum of penalty also the order passed by the adjudicating   authority   is   merged   into   the   order   of   Appellate Commissioner.  Question of merger would be applicable only when the issue raised subsequently is already answered directly by the higher appellate authority/revisional authority and/or there was a lis between the parties with respect to the said issue which is sought to be raised subsequently. [6.0] Identical question came to be considered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Pearl Drinks Ltd (Supra).  In the said decision the Hon’ble Supreme Court has considered the doctrine of merger in detail and in extenso.  In the said decision the Hon’ble Supreme Court has also considered its earlier decision in the case of Amritlal Bhogilal & Co. (Supra), which has been relied upon by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee. In   the   case   before   the   Hon’ble   Supreme   Court,   the   Principal Commissioner   of   Central   Excise,   Delhi   passed   an   OIO   disallowing deductions under two heads i.e. on account of loss in transit from the said godown to the customers and discount on account of free supply of bottles of aerated water and insofar as the remaining six heads under which deductions were claimed by the Company, the OIO accepted the said Scheme.  Aggrieved by the order of the Commissioner, the assessee filed an appeal under Section 35E(1) of the Central Excise Act before the CEGAT   who   by   reasoned   order   dismissed   the   same,   holding   that disallowance deductions under the two heads referred to above were perfectly in order.   A further appeal filed by the assessee before the Hon’ble Supreme Court was also dismissed.  As regards the admissibility of deductions under the remaining six heads which the adjudicating authority allowed to the company, the Central Board of Excise and Customs appears to have reviewed the order of the Commissioner Excise under   Section   35E(1)   of   the   Central   Excise   Act   and   come   to   the

conclusion that the grant of deductions under the said six heads was unjustified.  Therefore, the Board directed the Commissioner of Central Excise   to   approach   the   CEGAT   against   the   order   passed   by   the adjudicating   authority   granting   deductions   under   the   remaining   six heads.   That the Commissioner of Central Excise preferred an appeal before the CEGAT under section 35E(4) of the Act which came to be dismissed by the CEGAT holding that the order under challenge had merged in the earlier order passed by the Tribunal in the assessee’s appeal  whereby  disallowance of  the  two  of  the  eight   deductions   in dispute had been upheld.   Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order   passed   by   the   CEGAT   dismissing   the   appeal,   the   revenue approached   the   Hon’ble   Supreme   Court   and   considering   various decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, it is held that as the appeal preferred by the assessee was only against disallowance of the deduction under the two heads and the said appeal being dismissed on merit with respect to the aforesaid two heads only, the subsequent appeal filed by the revenue against the order of adjudicating authority in respect of remaining   six   heads,   is   maintainable.     It   is   held   that   the   order   of adjudicating authority did not merge with the order in appeal preferred by the assessee as there was finality only with regard to the issues adjudicated in appeal.  While holding so, in paras 13 to 21, the Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed and held as under:

“13. The doctrine of merger has its origin in common law. It has its application not only in the realm of judicial orders but also in the realm of estates. In its application two orders passed by judicial & quasi­judicial courts and authorities it implies that the order passed by a lower authority would lose its finality and efficacy in favour of an order passed by a higher authority before whom correctness of such an order may have been assailed in appeal or revision. The doctrine applies regardless whether the higher court or authority affirms or modifies the order passed by the lower court or authority.

14.

The juristic basis of the doctrine has been examined by this Court in a long line of decisions. One of the earliest of the said decisions was rendered in Commissioner of Income Tax, Bombay v. Amritlal Bhogilal & Co. (AIR 1958 SC 868). The Court in that case declared that as a result of the confirmation or affirmation of the decision of the Tribunal by the Appellate Authority, the original decision   merges   in   appellate   decision   whereupon   it   is   only   the appellate decision which subsists and is operative and capable of enforcement.

15.

In State of Madras v. Madurai Mills Co. Ltd. (AIR 1967 SC 681) this Court had another occasion to examine the true scope and purport   of  the   doctrine   of   merger.   The   court   declared   that   the doctrine   of   merger   was   not   a   doctrine   of   rigid   and   universal application nor could it be said that where there are two orders one by the inferior authority and the other by a superior authority they must  necessarily  merge  irrespective  of the subject  matter  of the appeal or the revision or the scope of the proceedings in which such orders are passed. Subsequent decisions of this Court in Gojer Bros. (Pvt.) Ltd. v. Ratan Lal Singh (1974) 2 SCC 453 and S.S. Rathore v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1989) 4 SCC 582 have reiterated and explained that position.

16.

No  reference  to  the   pronouncements   of  this   Court   on   the subject can be complete without a reference to the decision of this Court in Kunhayammed's case (supra) and Mauria's case (supra). In Kunhayammed's case (supra) a three­Judge Bench of this Court reviewed the decisions rendered on the subject and summed up its conclusions in para 44 of this decision. One of the said conclusions apposite to the case at hand is in the following words: (SCC p.384) "

44.

To sum up, our conclusions are:

* * * (iii) The doctrine of merger is not a doctrine of universal or unlimited application. It will depend on the nature of jurisdiction   exercised   by   the   superior   forum   and   the content or subject­matter of challenge laid or capable of being laid shall be determinative of the applicability of merger. The  superior jurisdiction should  be capable of reversing, modifying or affirming the order put in issue before   it.   Under   Article   136   of   the   Constitution   the Supreme   Court   may   reverse,   modify   or   affirm   the judgment­decree   or   order   appealed   against   while exercising   its   appellate   jurisdiction   and   not   while exercising   the   discretionary   jurisdiction   disposing   of petition   for   special   leave   to   appeal.   The   doctrine   of merger can therefore be applied to the former and not to the latter."

17.

There   is   in   the   light   of   the   above   pronouncements   no gainsaying that the doctrine of merger will depend largely on the nature of the jurisdiction exercised by the superior court and the content or the subject matter of challenge laid or capable of being laid before it.

18.

Applying the above test to the case at hand the doctrine would have no application for the plain and simple reason that the subject matter   of   the   appeal   filed   by   the   assessee       against       the adjudicating       authority's       order   in   original   was   limited   to disallowance of two out of eight deductions claimed by the assessee. The Tribunal was in that appeal concerned only with the question whether   the   adjudicating   authority   was   justified   in   disallowing deductions under the said two heads. It had no occasion to examine the admissibility of the deductions under the remaining six heads obviously because the assessee's appeal did not question the grant of such deductions.  Admissibility of the said deductions  could  have been raised only by the Revenue who had lost its case qua those deductions before the adjudicating authority.

19.

Dismissal   of   the   appeal   filed   by   the   assessee   could consequently bring finality only to the question of admissibility of deductions under the two heads regarding which the appeal was filed. The said order could not be understood to mean that the Tribunal had expressed any opinion regarding the admissibility of deductions   under   the   remaining   six   heads   which   were   not   the subject matter of   scrutiny   before   the   Tribunal.

20.

That being so, the proceedings instituted by the Commissioner, Central Excise pursuant to the order passed by the Central Board of Excise   and   Customs   brought   up   a   subject   matter   which   was distinctively   different   from   that   which   had   been   examined   and determined  in the  assessee's  appeal no matter  against the same order, especially when the decision was not rendered on a principle of law that could foreclose the Revenue's case.

21.

The Tribunal obviously failed to notice this distinction and proceeded to apply the doctrine of merger rather mechanically. It failed to take into consideration a situation where an order may be partly in favour and partly against a party in which event the part that goes in favour of the party can be separately assailed by them in appeal filed before the appellate Court or authority but dismissal on merits or otherwise of any such appeal against a part only of the order will not foreclose the right of the party who is aggrieved of the other part of this order. If the doctrine of merger were to be applied in a pedantic or wooden manner it would lead to anomalous results inasmuch as a party who has lost in part can by getting his appeal dismissed claim that the opposite party who may be aggrieved of another part of the very same order cannot assail its correctness no matter the appeal earlier disposed of by the Court or authority had not examined the correctness of that part of the order.” Considering the aforesaid decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, it can be said that the doctrine of merger would come into play in a case where in an earlier appeal, the Appellate Authority has considered the issue on merits and/or there was a lis between the parties with respect to a particular issue.   Where an OIO may be partly in favour and partly against the party in which event the part that goes in favour of the party can be separately assailed by them in appeal filed before the Appellate Court or authority, but dismissal on merits or otherwise of any such appeal against a part only of the order cannot foreclose the right of the party who is aggrieved by the other part of the order. [6.1] Considering the facts of the case on hand and as stated herein above the only issue before the Appellate Commissioner in an appeal preferred by the assessee which came to be dismissed by the Appellate Commissioner was, whether the assessee was liable for penal action under erstwhile Rule 96ZP(3) of the Rules or not.   Therefore, neither any other issue was at large before the Appellate Commissioner more particularly with respect to the quantum of penalty nor there was any lis between the parties with respect to quantum of penalty nor in the appeal preferred by the assessee with respect to the aforesaid issue only, the Appellate Commissioner had any occasion to consider the issue with respect to quantum of appeal.  Under the circumstances and considering the aforesaid direct decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Pearl Drinks Ltd. (Supra), the question posed for consideration in these appeals is required to be held in favour of the revenue and against the assessee by holding that in aforesaid situation, the subsequent appeal and/or the appeal preferred by the Revenue for enhancement of the penalty cannot be said to be barred on the ground of merger.   The revenue   cannot   be   precluded   from   preferring   the   appeal   for enhancement of penalty on the ground that the appeal preferred by the assessee with respect to altogether another issue i.e. with respect to the liability of the assessee for penal action being dismissed. [6.2] At this stage even the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. which has been relied upon by the Tribunal while passing the impugned judgment and order is required to be referred to.  In the case before the Bombay High Court the assessee preferred the appeal before the CESTAT with respect to the penalty under Rule 173Q of the erstwhile Central Excise Rules, 1944 which came to be dismissed by the CESTAT.  The revenue preferred the appeal before the CESTAT challenging the very order against which the assessee preferred appeal before the CESTAT but with respect to the different part of the order impugned.  The CESTAT dismissed the appeal preferred by the revenue on the ground of merger by holding that original order merged with the Tribunal’s order already passed on assessee’s appeal. The order passed by the CESTAT dismissing the appeal of the revenue came to be challenged before the Bombay High Court and considering the various decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court as well as High Courts, it is held by the Bombay High Court that as the appeal by the assessee was restricted to penalty under Rule 173Q of the Central Excise Rules,  1944  while  revenue’s  appeal  challenged  different  part  of the impugned order and the entire order was not subject matter of the assessee’s appeal, doctrine of merger not applicable and consequently the   Bombay  High  Court  set  aside  the  order  passed by  the   CESTAT dismissing the appeal and remanded the matter back to the CESTAT for fresh decision. [6.3] Now, so far as the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Amritlal Bhogilal & Co. (Supra) relied upon by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee is concerned, at the outset it is required to be noted that the said decision came to be considered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the subsequent decision in the case of Pearl Drinks Ltd. (Supra).  Even otherwise on facts also the said decision would not be applicable to the facts of the present case.   In the case before the Hon’ble Supreme Court the question was whether the Income Tax Officer’s order granting registration of a firm can be challenged by the department during the hearing of the firm’s appeal against the final order   of   assessment   made   by   the   Income   Tax   Officer.     Under   the circumstances, the said decision would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. [6.4] Similarly, even the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar (Supra) also would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.   In the case before the Hon’ble Supreme Court against the very order first a revision application was preferred which came to be dismissed by the learned single Judge and thereafter against the very order which came to be confirmed by the learned single Judge in revision, the writ petition was preferred and to that the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that the subsequent writ petition ought not to have been entertained by the High Court more particularly when the respondent has already chosen a remedy under section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. In the case before the Hon’ble Supreme   Court,   it   is   held   that   if   there   are   two   modes   of   invoking jurisdiction of the High Court and one of the modes has been chosen and exhausted, it would not be a proper and sound exercise of discretion to grant relief in other set of proceedings in respect of the same order of the   subordinate   court.     Thus,   the   said   decision   also   would   not   be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. [6.5] Similarly, another decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Somnath Sahu (Supra), which has been relied upon by the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the assessee would not be applicable to the facts of the present case.  Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee has sought  to rely upon last six lines of the para 6 of the said decision and has sought to submit that as held by the Hon’ble Supreme   Court,   even   if   the   appellate   decision   nearly   confirms   the decision of the Tribunal, the original decision merges in the appellate decision and it is the appellate decision alone which is subsisting and is operative and capable of enforcement.   However, it is required to be noted that any observations in the decision are required to be considered in   light   of   the   controversy   raised.     In   the   case   before   the   Hon’ble Supreme Court, appellant before the Hon’ble Supreme Court preferred an appeal to the State Government against the order of the original respondent   No.4   and   the   State   Government   dismissed   the   appeal. Thereafter, challenging the very order which was confirmed by the State Government  and without   challenging  the  order  passed by  the   State Government in appeal, the appellant preferred writ petition before the High Court and to that the Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed that the original decision of the respondent No.4 no longer subsists as it has merged in the appellate decision of the State Government and unless the appellant is able to establish that the order of the State Government is defective in law, the appellant would not be entitled to the grant of any relief.  Thus, on facts the said decision would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. [7.0] Now, so far as the contention on behalf of the assessee that it was open for the CIT(A) to suo moto enhance the amount of penalty while exercising the power under section 35A of the Act and therefore, when such power is not exercised by the Appellate Commissioner and the appeal   preferred   by   the   assessee   against   the   order   passed   by   the adjudicating  authority imposing the penalty is dismissed, the appeal preferred by the   revenue  on  enhancement  of  the  penalty  would be barred  on  the   ground  of  merger  is  concerned,  the   same  cannot   be accepted.   Merely because such powers are vested with the Appellate Commissioner,   the   appeal   by   the   revenue   for   enhancement   of   the penalty cannot be said to be barred.  As stated hereinabove and as it is not disputed by the learned Counsel for the assessee that the appeal by the revenue for enhancement of penalty against the order passed by the adjudicating authority as such and/or even otherwise, would not be maintainable.  The issue in the present appeal is whether on dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee against the order of adjudicating authority in not specifically dealing with the issue with respect to the quantum of penalty, the appeal by the revenue for enhancement of penalty would be barred on the ground of merger or not. [7.1] Similarly, the contention on behalf of the assessee that in the facts and circumstances of the case when the appeal by the assessee against the order of adjudicating authority imposing the penalty is dismissed, the only remedy available to the revenue would be to exercise powers under   section   35E   and   to   take   the   order   passed   by   the   Appellate Commissioner in revision is concerned, it is required to be noted that as such   in   an   appeal   preferred   by   the   assessee   before   the   Appellate Commissioner, the only issue raised was with respect to the liability of the assessee to pay the penalty and not with respect to quantum of penalty and while dismissing the appeal preferred by the assessee, the Appellate Commissioner has held that the assessee is liable to pay the penalty and therefore, as such the said order is in favour of the revenue. Therefore, there is no question taking the said order in revision under section 35E of the Act. [8.0] In   view   of   the   above   and   for   the   reasons   stated   above,   the questions raised in the present appeals are answered in favour of the revenue and against the asssessee and it is held that in the facts and circumstances of the case narrated hereinabove that on dismissal of the appeal preferred by the assessee raising the issue with respect to the liability of the assessee for penal action, the appeal preferred by the revenue for enhancement of the penalty against the order passed by the adjudicating authority would not be barred on the ground of merger and consequently   would   be   maintainable,   meaning   thereby   the   revenue cannot be said to be debarred from challenging the order passed by the adjudicating authority with respect to the quantum of penalty which was neither the subject matter of appeal before the Appellate Commissioner nor there was any lis between the parties in the said appeal preferred by the   assessee   nor   the   Appellate   Commissioner   had   any   occasion   to consider the issue with respect to quantum of appeal. [8.1] Under the circumstances, no error has been committed by the learned Tribunal in quashing and setting aside the orders passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) dismissing the appeals preferred by the revenue solely   on   the   ground   of   merger   and   directing   the   Appellate Commissioner to decide the appeals of the revenue afresh.  Under the circumstances,   all   the   appeals   deserve   to   be   dismissed   and   are, accordingly, dismissed.  In the facts and circumstances of the case, no order as to costs. Sd/­ (M.R. SHAH, J.) Sd/­ (MS SONIA GOKANI, J.) Ajay

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