RAJ STATE MINES and MINERALS REG OFFICE vs. THE ASSIT COMMISSIONER INCOME TAX JAIPUR
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court allowed the appeals, quashing and setting aside the order of the Tribunal. The Court held that reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147/148 are invalid if based on a 'change of opinion'. The Court emphasized that if an issue or query was raised and answered by the assessee in the original assessment, and the Assessing Officer did not make any addition, it implies the issue was examined and accepted. In such cases, reassessment proceedings are invalid. The Court cited judgments from the Delhi High Court (CIT vs. DLF Powers Limited) and Gujarat High Court (Praful Somabhai Patel (HUF) vs. Income Tax Officer) to support its reasoning. The Court noted that if an assessment order is erroneous and prejudicial to the revenue's interest, the remedy lies under Section 263 of the Act, not through invalid reassessment proceedings based on a change of opinion. The Court explicitly stated it was not expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, but that the Tribunal would consider the matter afresh. The operative direction was to allow the appeals and remit the matter back to the Tribunal.
What were the facts?
These appeals by M/s Rajasthan State Mines and Minerals Ltd. (the assessee) challenge the judgment of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) which rejected the assessee's appeals. The assessee is contesting disallowances made by the revenue authorities concerning rural development expenses, amortization of costs for mining land/leasehold land, social welfare expenses, and mine development expenses. The assessment years are not explicitly stated for all appeals, but the questions of law framed by the High Court refer to specific amounts in dispute. The procedural history involves reassessment proceedings initiated under Sections 147/148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, which the assessee contends were without jurisdiction.
What were the issues?
The High Court framed several substantial questions of law. For ITA No. 302/2017, the questions concerned the disallowance of Rs. 6,61,487/- for rural development expenses and Rs. 5,49,980/- for social welfare expenses, and the non-allowance of Rs. 14,04,582/- for amortization of mining land costs, all under Section 37. For ITA No. 303/2017, the questions were whether reassessment proceedings under Sections 147/148 were without jurisdiction, the non-allowance of Rs. 1,00,25,871/- for amortization of mining land costs under Section 37, and the disallowance of Rs. 1,20,47,954/- for rural development expenses under Section 37. Similar questions regarding rural development expenses, amortization of mining land costs, social welfare expenses, and mine development expenses were framed for other appeals (ITA Nos. 304/2017, 305/2017). The core dispute revolves around whether these expenses were incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes and whether reassessment proceedings were validly initiated. Assessee's Contention: The assessee argued that reassessment proceedings were invalid due to a 'change of opinion' by the Assessing Officer, as the issues were already considered and accepted in the original assessment. They relied on judicial pronouncements supporting this view. Revenue's Contention: The judgment does not explicitly record the revenue's contentions on the merits of the disallowances or the validity of reassessment proceedings, other than implicitly supporting the ITAT's decision which rejected the assessee's appeals.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
Order 13/12/2017
Since all these appeals arise out of same judgment, they are being decided by this common order.
By way of these appeals, the appellants have challenged the judgment and order of the Tribunal whereby the Tribunal has rejected the appeal of the assessee.
This court while admitting the ITA No.302/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.6,61,487/- paid purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act.
legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.14,04,582/- on account of amortization of the Act?
of the case and in law the ld. ITAT was justified in holding that the claim of Rs.5,49,980/- paid towards social welfare expenses was not purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act.
This court while admitting the ITA No.303/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in not holding that reassessments proceedings u/s (4 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
147/148 were without jurisdiction.
legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.1,00,25,871/- on account of amortization of the Act?
of the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.1,20,47,954/- paid purpose and disallowed the claim u/s 37 of the Act.
This court while admitting the ITA No.304/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.1,30,98,423/- paid purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act.
of the case and in law the Ld. ITAT has not legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs. 25,62,746/- on account of amortization of cost paid towards the acquisition of wasting asset i.e. mining land/leasehold land u/s 37 of the Act? (iii) Whether under facts and circumstances of the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in disallowing the claim of expenditure of Rs.4,20,073/- incurred towards social welfare. (iv) Whether under facts and circumstances of the case and in law Ld ITAT was justified in disallowing the expenses of Rs.6,64,150/- incurred towards mine development expenses.
This court while admitting the ITA No.305/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.23,95,996/- paid
(5 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act.
of the case and in law the ld. ITAT has not legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.1,65,35,825/- on account of amortization of the Act.
of the case and in law ld. ITAT was justified in disallowing the claim of expenditure of Rs.2,77,218/- incurred towards social welfare.
of the case and in law ITAT was justified in disallowing the expenses of Rs.33,41,648/- incurred towards mine development expenses.
This court while admitting the ITA No.306/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in not holding that reassessments proceedings u/s 147/148 were without jurisdiction.
legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.1,00,99,102/- on account of amortization of the Act?
of the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.17,95,838/- paid purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act?
of the case and law ITAT was justified in confirming an addition of Rs.35,51,084/- on account of unpaid land tax u/s 43B of the Act.
This court while admitting the ITA No.307/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:-
(6 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in not holding that reassessments proceedings u/s 147/148 were without jurisdiction.
legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.1,01,02,114/- on account of amortization of the Act?
of the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.17,56,444/- paid purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act?
of the case and law ITAT was justified in confirming an addition of Rs.3,15,50,975/- on account of unpaid land tax u/s 43B of the Act.
This court while admitting the ITA No.308/2017 on 10.11.2017 framed following substantial questions of law:- the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in not holding that reassessments proceedings u/s 147/148 were without jurisdiction.
legally erred in not allowing the claim of Rs.99,49,723/- on account of amortization of the Act?
of the case and in law Ld. ITAT was justified in holding that amount of Rs.18,70,932/- paid purpose and not allowable u/s 37 of the Act?
Now the issue is covered by the decision of this Court in D.B. Income Tax Appeal No.146/2016, where we have decided the issue in favour of assessee in view of decision of Delhi
(7 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
High Court Full Bench in Commissioner of Income Tax-VI vs. Usha International Ltd., [2012] 25 taxmann.com 200 (Delhi) (FB), wherein it has been observed:
“13. It is, therefore, clear from the aforesaid position that: (1) Reassessment proceedings can be validly initiated in case return of income is processed under Section 143(1) and no scrutiny assessment is undertaken. In such cases there is no change of opinion; (2) Reassessment proceedings will be invalid in case the assessment order itself records that the issue was raised and is decided in favour of the assessee. Reassessment proceedings in the said cases will be hit by principle of "change of opinion". (3) Reassessment proceedings will be invalid in case an issue or query is raised and answered by the assessee in original assessment proceedings but thereafter the Assessing Officer does not make any addition in the assessment order. In such situations it should be accepted that the issue was examined but the Assessing Officer did not find any ground or reason to make addition or reject the stand of the assessee. He forms an opinion. The reassessment will be invalid because the Assessing Officer had formed an opinion in the original assessment, though he had not recorded his
reasons.
In the second and third situation, the Revenue is not without remedy. In case the assessment order is erroneous and prejudicial to the interest of the Revenue, they are entitled to and can invoke power under Section 263 of the Act. This aspect and position has been highlighted in CIT vs. DLF Powers Limited, ITA 973/2011 decided on 29th November, 2011 and BLB Limited vs. ACIT Writ Petition (Civil) No. 6884/2010 decided on 1st December, 2011. In the last decision it has been observed:
“13. Revenue had the option, but did not take recourse to Section 263 of the Act, inspite of audit objection. Supervisory and revisionary power under Section 263 of the Act is available, if an order passed by the Assessing Officer is erroneous and prejudicial to the interest of the Revenue. An (8 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
erroneous order contrary to law that has caused prejudiced can be correct, when jurisdiction under Section 263 is invoked.”
Thus where an Assessing Officer incorrectly or erroneously applies law or comes to a wrong
conclusion and income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment, resort to Section 263 of the Act is available and should be resorted to. But initiation of reassessment proceedings will be invalid on the ground of change of opinion.” and judgment of Gujarat High Court in Praful Somabhai Patel (HUF) vs. Income Tax Officer, [2016] 73 taxmann.com 184 (Gujarat), wherein it has been observed as under:-
In view of various judicial pronouncements, it is clear that Section 147 authorises and permits the Assessing Officer to assess or reassess income chargeable to tax if he has reason to believe that income for any assessment year has escaped assessment. The word "reason" in the phrase "reason to believe" would mean cause or justification. If the Assessing Officer has cause or justification to know or suppose that income had escaped assessment, it can be said to have reason to believe that an income had escaped assessment. The expression cannot be read to mean that the Assessing Officer should have finally ascertained the fact by legal evidence or conclusion. The function of the Assessing Officer is to administer the statute with solicitude for the public exchequer with an inbuilt idea of fairness to taxpayers. As observed by the Supreme Court in Central Provinces Manganese Ore Co. Ltd. v. ITO [1991] 191 ITR 662, for initiation of action under section 147(a) (as the provision stood at the relevant time) fulfilment of the two requisite conditions in that regard is essential. At that stage, the final outcome of the proceeding is not relevant. In other words, at the initiation stage, what is required is "reason to believe", but not the established fact of escapement of income. At the stage of issue of notice, the only question is whether there was relevant material on which a reasonable person could have formed a requisite belief. Whether the materials would conclusively prove the escapement is not the concern at that stage. This is so because the formation of belief by the Assessing Officer is within the realm of (9 of 9) [ITA-302/2017]
subjective satisfaction. Merely an audit report, in our opinion, would not authorize the Assessing Officer to reopen the assessment even within the period of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year, when the said material was already before him when the original assessment was made. Any such attempt on his part would be based on mere change of opinion. To reiterate when a claim was processed at length and after calling for detailed explanation from the assessee, the same was accepted, merely because a certain element or angle was not in the mind of the Assessing Officer while accepting such a claim, cannot be a ground for issuing notice for reassessment. Therefore, in our view, the Assessing Officer cannot change his opinion, which he has already accepted in his assessment order. We are of the opinion that the Tribunal has committed an error in reversing the finding of CIT (A). Accordingly, we answer the question posed for our consideration in favour of the assessee and against the revenue and the Tribunal has committed an error in holding that the reopening proceedings are valid, legal and within the jurisdiction of the Respondent. Even otherwise, the method of valuation is in order and since the valuations are made under two different Acts, they cannot be made basis for reopening of valuation. Accordingly, all these appeals are allowed.
In both the judgments (supra) the issues were considered and this Court remitted back the matter. In view of the matter the order of the Tribunal is quashed and set aside.
It is made clear that we are not expressing any opinion on merits of the case. Tribunal will consider the matter afresh taking into consideration the judgments delivered by us today in Income Tax Appeal No.146/2016 on questions which are admitted.
The appeals stand allowed. (VIJAY KUMAR VYAS), J. (K.S. JHAVERI), J. Chouhan/94 to 100
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