PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX 2 vs. GUJARAT GAS FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED

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TAXAP/430/2015HC GujaratGJHC24021870201507 July 2015Author: HONOURABLE THE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE MR. JUSTICE A.J.DESAI,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A.G.URAIZEE16 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the appeals filed by the revenue were meritless and deserved to be dismissed. The Court agreed with the observations of the Tribunal and the ratio laid down by coordinate benches of the Gujarat High Court in similar cases, as well as the Supreme Court's decision in Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Excel Industries Ltd. The Court noted that both the assessee and the parent company are assessed at the maximum marginal rate, which negates the argument that the service charges were paid at an unreasonable rate to evade income tax. The Court also referred to Circular dated 6.7.1968, which clarifies that transactions between relatives and associates under Section 40A(2) should be treated as bona fide unless there is an attempt to evade tax. Given the consistent view in favour of the assessee in previous years and the lack of material change justifying a different stance, the revenue was not permitted to "flip-flop" on the issue. Therefore, the deletion of the addition by the Tribunal was upheld.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Gujarat Gas Financial Services Limited, a subsidiary of Gujarat Gas Company Limited, entered into an agreement with its parent company for service charges. For Assessment Year (AY) 2004-05, it paid Rs. 5,82,89,000 and for AY 2005-06, Rs. 7,70,28,000, claiming these as deductions under Section 37. The Assessing Officer (AO) initially allowed these claims. However, for AY 2006-07, the AO initiated proceedings, deeming the expenditure excessive and unreasonable, and proposed disallowing a portion. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) allowed the assessee's appeal, and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) upheld this decision. The revenue has filed these appeals challenging the ITAT's order.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal has substantially erred in law in deleting the addition of Rs. 7.70 crores made on account of disallowance under Section 40A(2)(b) read with Section 40A(2)(a) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, without properly appreciating the facts and material on record? Assessee's Contention (as inferred from the revenue's argument and the Tribunal's decision): The assessee argued that the service charges paid were based on an agreement with the parent company and were justified. They relied on the consistent view of the ITAT and the principle of res judicata (or consistency in tax proceedings) as laid down by the Supreme Court, arguing that since similar issues were accepted in earlier years, the revenue should not reopen the matter without material change. They also highlighted that both companies are government-owned and pay taxes at the maximum marginal rate, suggesting no intent to evade tax. Revenue's Contention: The revenue contended that the expenditure claimed by the assessee was excessive and unreasonable, as the assessee was merely using space from the parent company. They argued that the AO was justified in disallowing the expenditure under Section 40A(2)(a) and (b) by estimating a reasonable monthly rent of Rs. 10 lacs. They also asserted that the principle of res judicata does not strictly apply to income tax proceedings as each assessment year is a separate unit, allowing the revenue to disallow expenses in subsequent years even if accepted previously.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 40A(2)(b),Section 40A(2)(a),Section 37,Section 260A,Section 143(3)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/428/2015 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL NO. 428 of 2015 TO TAX APPEAL NO. 431 of 2015 FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J.DESAI and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.G.URAIZEE ========================================================== 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? NO 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any order made thereunder ? NO ========================================================== PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX 2....Appellant Versus GUJARAT GAS FINANCIAL SERVICES LIMITED....Opponent ========================================================== Appearance: MR M.R.BHATT, LD.SENIOR ADVOCATE WITH MRS MAUNA M BHATT, ADVOCATE for the Appellant. MR S.N.SOPARKAR, LD.SENIOR ADVOCATE WITH MR B S SOPARKAR, LD.ADVOCATE for the Opponent. ========================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J.DESAI and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.G.URAIZEE Page 1 of 16 O/TAXAP/428/2015 JUDGMENT Date : 07/07/2015

ORAL COMMON JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J.DESAI) 1 By way of filing four different tax appeals under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the revenue has challenged the Order   dated   5.12.2014,   passed   by   the   Income   Tax   Appellate Tribunal,   Ahmedabad     as   well   as   the   Order   dated   15.10.2009 passed by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), Ahmedabad,   by which   the assessment order dated 26.12.2008 passed by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle­IV, Ahmedabad, had disallowed  the claim  of the respondent assessee company under the provisions of Section­40A of the Income Tax Act. 2 Since all the appeals involve similar facts and questions of law, the same have been taken up for hearing together and disposed of by this common judgment. Since the defence in these group of Appeals is only with regard to the amount disallowed by the revenue authority u/s.40A of the Act, we have considered the Tax Appeal No.428 of 2015 as the lead Appeal in this judgement. 3 The appellant has requested this Court to frame the following   question as substantial question of law in the case for determination of this Court  under Section 260A  of the  Act: “Whether   the   Appellate   Tribunal   has   substantially erred in law  in deleting the addition of Rs. 7.70  crores made on account of disallowance u/s 40A(2)(b) r.w. S 40A(2)(a)  of the Act, without  properly  appreciating the facts of the case and the material   brought  on record?” 4 Brief facts emerging from the record are as under:

4.

1 The respondent assessee company  is a 100% subsidiary company   of   the   Gujarat   Gas   Company   Limited,   (hereinafter referred to as “parent company”) owned by the State of Gujarat. The assessee company entered into an agreement  with the parent company for providing service, etc to the parent company, which carries the business of supply of gas connection  to its customers.

4.

2 The assessee company and the parent company had executed an agreement on 25.4.2003 with regard to the service charges. It was agreed that the assessee company  has to pay Rs. 3,205/­ for each  connection. Accordingly,  the Assessee company paid   Rs.5,82,89,000/­   for   the   assessment   year   2004­05   and Rs.   7,70,28,000/­   for   the   assessment   year   2005­06. The   said charges were claimed for deduction of tax under Section­37 of the Act. The Assessment Officer allowed the claims  made for different Assessment Year  in the assessment made under Section­143(3) of the Act.

4.

3 The Assessment Officer under the provisions of Section­ 143   of the Act, issued notice to the assessee for the Assessment Year 2006­07 and called upon to explain certain aspects including the transaction with regard to the service charges between the assessee   company   and   parent   company,   having   found     that expenditure claimed by the Assessee   company is excessive and unreasonable.     The   assessee   company     through   its   responsible officer appeared before the Assessment Officer and supplied the details  as asked for by the   the Assessment Officer.

4.

4 The  Assessment Officer considered the submission of the assessing company with regard to the expenditure unreasonable and held that since the assessing company is using some space of the parent company, the expenditure claimed by the assessee is much     on   higher   side.     The     officer   also   held   that   the   office occupied by the  assessing company, considering the infrastructure provided by the parent company to the assessing company, the same can be  treated   at the rate of Rs.10 lacs  per month  i.e. Rs. 1.2 crore  for an assessment year  and, therefore, he deducted the said amount from the total expenditure of Rs. 5, 82,89,335/­ and asked the assessee to pay   the tax accordingly. The said decision was challenged by the assessee by way of an Appeal No. CIT(A) VIII/AC­4/240/08­09   before   the   office   of   the   Commissioner   of Income Tax (Appeals), Ahmedabad. The Commissioner of Appeals by its Order dated 15.10.2009  allowed the appeal and held that the assessee company is entitled   for the   expenditure claimed under   Section­37   of   the   Act.   The   revenue   challenged   the   said decision   before   the   Income   Tax     Appellate   Tribunal,   which dismissed   the   appeal   filed   by   the   Revenue   by   its   Order   dated 5.12.2015. Hence these appeals. 5 Mr M.R.Bhatt, learned Senior   Council, appearing for the   appellant, submitted   that the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) as well as Tribunal  have erred in holding that  whatever expenses the assessee has claimed under Section­37 is just and legal since there was an agreement between two parties.  He would further submit that the Assessee Company is just using some space of   the   parent   company   and,   therefore,   the   Assessment   Officer found   that   the   expenditure   claimed   by   the     assessee   company towards   expenses   for   each   connection,   cannot   be   accepted   as market   value   of   the   service   or   facility   provided   by   the   parent company.  He would  submit that under Section 40­A of the Act, the Assessment Officer can refuse the expenditure  as a deduction from the income  if he finds the same is excessive or unreasonable having regard to fair market value,   facility or legitimate needs of the business or provision of the assessee. He would  submit that the in response to the notice issued, the assessee company did not provide  details about the size of the  accommodation  provided by the parent company. He would further submit that in absence of any   details   provided   by   the   assessee   company,   the   assessment officer   was right in   holding that   an amount of Rs.10 lacs per month  would be   a correct  expenditure   for occupying some part of the office premise belongs to the parent company. He would also submit that  principle of res judicata does not apply  to the income tax   proceedings   as   each   assessment   year   is   considered     as   a separate unit and, therefore,  though,  in earlier assessment years, the service charges  were accepted  for deduction  from income  tax cannot   preclude   the   revenue   for   disallowing   the   same   in   the subsequent  assessment year.   He, therefore, would submit that the appeal requires consideration.

On the other hand,   Senior Counsel  Mr. Soparkar, for the respondent, has vehemently opposed, even admission of these appeals. He would submit that the assessee company   as well as parent   company   are   government   companies   and   each   of   the company   pays   the   tax   at   maximum   marginal   rate.     He   would further submit that   it is not the case of the revenue that the assessee has tried to evade any tax liability.  He would further submit that the assessee and the parent company  have agreed to enter into a contract, by which it was   agreed that the assessee company has to pay Rs.3,205/­ towards service charges  which was accepted by the department itself for the last two consecutive years and, therefore, there was no reason for the assessment officer  to disallow   the claim made by the petitioner   by exercising power under   Section   400­A     of   the   Act.     By   taking   us     through   the observations made in the order of the Commissioner of the Income Tax (Appeals) as well as the Tribunal, he would submit that both the lower authorities have dealt with the case in detail and have rightly passed  the order, which does not call for any interference under Section 260A  of the Act. He would submit that  the specific contention was raised by the assessee before the Assessment Officer about   the   contractual     relationship   between   the  parties   and, therefore, in absence   of any cogent   evidence or material, the Assessment Officer  could not have fixed or assessed the case as if the same relates only for the  accommodation  and infrastructure provided   by   the   parent   company.   As   far   as   deduction   under Section­37 of the Act is concerned, he would submit that under Section 40­A  (2A) if the Assessing Officer is of the opinion  that the expenditure is on excessive or unreasonable, before coming to the amount for deductable  under Section­37, he should have gathered some   material   and   compared   the   same     with   the   case   of   the assesses before  fixing the amount deductable i.e. Rs.10 lacs  per month. 7 By relying on the decision  in case of the Commissioner of Income Tax­III   vs Ashok J Patel, as reported at (2014) 43 Taxmann. com 227 (Gujarat), he would submit that the Assessing Officer  has to  ascertain the fair market price  of such goods and facilities and before giving the verdict, the assessee must have  an opportunity of explaining the same, which is not the case on hand. He   has   also   placed   reliance   in   the   case     of  Commissioner  of Income Tax­I vs Enviro Control Associated (P) Ltd., as reported at (2014) 43 Taxmann.com 291 (Gujarat)  and would submit that the Assessing Officer  has to ascertain the fair market price of such goods before deciding the correct amount. The assessee must have an opportunity of hearing, which is not  given in the present case. He would submit that since the assessee company and the parent company are paying tax at the maximum marginal rate, there was no  question of evading  the payment of tax and, therefore, there is no need to exercise  the power under Section 40A  of the Act.   In support of the case, he has  relied on a decision of this Court in the case  of   Commissioner   of Income Tax­I vs.   Enviro Control Associated (P) Ltd., as reported at  (2014) 43 Taxmann.com. 227 and  submitted  that   since   the   assessee   company   as   well  as   the parent company are  paying the  tax at maximum marginal rate, the entire exercise undertaken by the Assessment Officer is viewed, since it is a neutral exercise as far as     the payment of tax   is concerned and there is no question of evading payment of tax by any of the two companies. He would further submit that in the previous year, the expenditure with regard to service charges at Rs.3205/­ per connection was accepted and there was no reason for the Assessment Officer to change his opinion.  He has relied upon a had issued a Certificate Non.6­P dated July 6, 1968, which debars the Assessment Officer from not allowing such payments made to the relative and sister concern where there is no attempt to evade the tax. 9 He,   therefore,   would   submit   that   the   appeals     are meritless and the  same are required to be dismissed in limine. 10 We have heard learned Advocates appearing for the parties.

11 It would thus be clear from the above observations  of the Hon’ble Supreme Court  that the principle of res judicata  does not apply  to income tax proceedings and each assessment year is considered as a separate unit. Still, however,  the Hon’ble Supreme Court   has   held   that   in   absence   of   any   material   or   substantial change justifying the revenue to take a different view than the view it had taken  in the preceding assessment years, it should not have reopened  the issue  in the subsequent assessment year. In the case on hand also, there cannot be any avil that, strictly speaking,  the principle of res judicata is applicable  to income tax proceedings. Still, however,   the revenue   had allowed   deduction of service charges from the income to assess the income tax of the respondent in the preceding year. In asbence of any material change, it could not have disallowed the claim of service charges under Section­ 40(A) of the Act. In the backdrop of these facts, the arguments canvassed by learned Senior Counsel Mr. M.R. Bhatt cannot be countenanced. 12 The   Gujarat   Gas   Financial   Services   Limited     (a Government   Company),   is   engaged   in   distributing   gas   through pipelines   to   its   customers,   wherein   the   respondent   company   is 100% subsidiary company of the Gujarat Gas Company Ltd. It is accepted fact that   the parent as well as assessee company had entered into an agreement on 25.4.2003  for various works, which are  to be undertaken by the assessee company.  For such works, the assessee company would be entitled for service  charges and the charges  agreed between the parties is Rs. 3,205/­ per connection. Accordingly,   for   the   assessment   year   2004­2005,   the   assessee company   had   paid   Rs.   5,00,84,000/­   towards   service   charges. which was deducted by the Assessment Officer under the provisions of Section 37 of the Act.  Similar is the case for assessment year 2005­06  to the tune of Rs.7,07,00,028/­.  The Assessment Officer, who found such amount as excessive for the assessment Year 2006­ 07,   initiated   proceedings   by   exercising   powers   under   Section 40A(2)  of the Act. It was the case of the assessee company  that it is the company  which is providing  various kinds of services to the parents  company and both the companies  are paying the highest tax and, therefore,  there was no  evasion of tax by the assessee. The Assessment Officer could not  accept  the submissions made by the company  that in past two years  the claim made towards the expenditure was  accepted by the Officer on the ground that there is no question of res judicata, however, has held that without any material,   the   maximum   expenditure   of   the   assessee   company towards service charges is Rs.10 crores as, if, the assessee company was only received the premiums belong to the foreign company, which   is  contrary  to law   laid down  by  the various  courts  and tribunals. As far as this aspect is concerned, the Hon’ble Apex Court and 31  which reads as under: “28 Secondly, as noted by the Tribunal, a consistent view has been   taken in favour of the assessee on the questions   raised,   starting     with   the   assessment year 1992­93, that the benefits  under the advance licences  or under the  duty entitlement  pass book do not represent the real income  of the assessee. Consequently, there is no reason for us to take a different   view unless   there are very convincing reasons, none of which have been  pointed  out by the learned  counsel for the revenue. 29 In Radhasoami Satsang v. CIT (1992) 193 ITR 321 (SC) this court did not  think it appropriate  to allow the reconsideration   of an issue   for a subsequent assessment   year if the same “ fundamental aspect” permeates in different assessment  years.  In arriving at   this   conclusion,   this   court   referred   to   an interesting   passage from  Hoystead   v. Commissioner of Taxation (1926) AC 155 (PC) wherein it was said ( ITR): “Parties are not permitted to begin fresh litigation because of new views they may entertain  of the law of the case,  or new versions  which they present as to what should be a proper apprehension by the court of the legal result   either   of the construction of the documents or the weight of certain circumstances. If this were permitted, litigation would have   no end, except   when   legal   ingenuity   is   exhausted.   It   is   a principle of law that this cannot be permitted and there   is   abundant   authority    reiterating       that principle.  Thirdly, the same principle – namely, that of a setting to rest rights of litigants, applies to the case   where   a   point,   fundamental   to   the decision,taken   or   assumed   by     the   plaintiff   and traversable     by   the   defendant,   has  not   been tranversed. In that case also a defendant   is bound by the judgment, although  it maybe true   enough that subsequent   light or ingenuity might suggest some traverse which had not been taken.” 30 then it was held  ( ITR): “We are aware  of the fact that  strictly  speaking res judicata does not apply  to income tax proceedings. Again,  each assessment  year being  a unit, what is decided      in  one year       may  not  apply    in  the following   year but   where a fundamental   aspect permeating  through  the different  assessment  years has been  found as  a fact one way or the other and parties have  allowed  that position   to be sustained by not challenging  the order, it would not be at all appropriate  to allow the position  to be changed   in a subsequent  year. On these  reasonings  in the absence  of any material change justifying the Revenue   to take a different view of the matter – and if there was no change, it was  in support of the assessee ­ we do not  think t the   question   should   have   been   reopened     and contrary   to   what   had   been     decided   by   the Commissioner   of   Income   Tax       in   the   earlier proceedings,a   different   and   contradictory     stand should have been taken.

It   appears   from   the   record     that   in   several assessment  years, the Revenue  accepted  the order of the Tribunal in favour of the assessee   and did not pursue   the matter  any further   but in respect  of some assessment years  the  matter was taken  up in appeal   before the Bombay High Court but without any success.   That being so,  the Revenue  cannot be allowed  to flip­flop  on the issue  and it ought let the matter rest rather than  spend the tax payers money in pursuing   litigation   for the sake of it.” 13 As has been found by us in the preceding para of this judgment that   the respondent company   as well as the parent company, both are   assessed   to income tax   at the maximum marginal rate and, therefore it cannot be said that   the service charge is paid to the respondent company at a unreasonable rate to evade income tax.   Even the learned Counsel Mr. Bhatt for the revenue  does not dispute this fact. 14 We are in agreement with the   observations made by the Tribunal   as well as the ratio laid down   by the coordinate Bench of this Court  in the case of   (1)  Commissioner of Income Tax­I   vs   Enviro   Control   Associated   (P)   Ltd.,   as   reported   at (2014) 43 Taxmann.com 291 (Gujarat);    (2)  Commissioner of Income Tax­III    vs  Ashok  J Patel, as  reported at  (2014) 43 laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court,  we are of the opinion that the appeals are meritless and the same deserve to be dismissed and

accordingly dismissed. (A.J.DESAI, J.) (A.G.URAIZEE,J) *pnnair

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