C I T-CENTAL JAIPUR vs. PRAKASH CHAND JAIN
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the Tribunal was justified in invoking the provision of Section 43(5) and Clause (c) thereof, concluding that the transactions were not speculative. The Court noted that the MCX (presumably where the transactions occurred) was for government purposes and involved job work without delivery. The Tribunal had already admitted the transactions as being of a jobbing nature. Therefore, the issue was answered in favour of the assessee and against the department. The appeal was dismissed. The ratio decidendi is that if transactions are of a jobbing nature and fall within the scope of proviso (c) to Section 43(5), they are not speculative, and the onus is on the revenue to prove otherwise. The operative direction was the dismissal of the appeal.
What were the facts?
The Revenue (Commissioner of Income Tax) appealed against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal) which partly allowed an appeal filed by the assessee, Shri Prakash Chand Jain. The appeal concerned assessment year(s) not explicitly stated but implied to be related to the transactions under dispute. The core of the dispute was the deletion of an addition of Rs. 1,34,62,163/- by the Tribunal. The Revenue challenged the Tribunal's finding that the assessee's jobbing/arbitrage transactions were not speculative, and that proviso (c) to Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act was applicable, despite the assessee allegedly failing to meet its mandatory conditions. This High Court appeal was admitted on a specific question of law.
What were the issues?
1. Whether the Tribunal was justified in reversing the findings of the Assessing Officer and CIT(A) by deleting the addition of Rs. 1,34,62,163/-, holding that the assessee's jobbing/arbitrage transactions were not speculative and that proviso (c) to Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act was applicable, despite the assessee failing to meet the mandatory conditions of the said proviso? Assessee's Contentions (as inferred from reliance on cited cases): The assessee contended that their jobbing/arbitrage transactions were not speculative in nature. They relied on the decision in CIT vs. Ram Kishan Gupta, which held that if transactions are disclosed, not doubted, and are part of 'jobbing', they fall under proviso (c) to Section 43(5). They also relied on CIT vs. Sharwan Kumar Agarwal, where the Tribunal found the assessee entitled to the exception under proviso (c) to Section 43(5), and the onus was on the Department to prove inapplicability. Further reliance was placed on CIT, Bangalore vs. First Securities (P) Ltd., stating that jobbing/arbitrage transactions are not speculative, and losses are business losses eligible for set-off. Revenue's Contentions: The Revenue argued that the assessee failed to meet the mandatory conditions of proviso (c) to Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act, and therefore, the transactions should be considered speculative.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
Order 19/04/2018 By way of this appeal, the appellant has challenged the judgment and order of the Tribunal whereby the Tribunal has allowed the appeal in part preferred by the assessee. This Court while admitting the matter framed following question of law:- “Whether the Tribunal was justified in reversing the findings given by Assessing Officer as well as CIT(A), thereby deleting the addition of Rs. 1,34,62,163/- by holding that the transactions of jobbing/arbitrage entered into by the assessee are not speculative transaction and proviso © of Section 43(5) of the Act is applicable in the case of the assessee, despite the assessee failing to meet the mandatory conditions provided in the said proviso?” The identical matter for the same assessee came to be considered by this Court in case of Commissioner of Income Tax
(2 of 4) [ITA-18/2014] vs. Shri Prakash Chand Jain (DBITA No. 16/2014) decided on 18th September, 2017 wherein it has been held as under:- “6. Gupta [2014] 361 ITR 387 (Allahabad) wherein it has been held as under:- “27. The Tribunal having returned a finding that the details of each and every transaction were disclosed by the assessee which were part of the paper book. No discrepancy in any of the transactions can be pointed out by the Assessing Officer nor the bona fide of the transactions were doubted, the transaction thus carried out were part of the "jobbing" within the meaning of Kumar Agarwal [2001] 249 ITR 233 (All) wherein it has been held as under:- “2. The assessee is a share broker and filed his return of income on December 13, 1994. The assessment was completed under Section 143(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. During the course of assessment proceedings, the Assessing Officer had found that the assessee had at times settled the share transactions by corresponding deliveries and at times settled the contract without effecting the delivery. On an examination of invoice bills, the Assessing Officer found that the assessee had earned a profit of Rs. 32,80,949 and suffered a loss of Rs. 1,10,14,010, thereby incurring a net loss of Rs. 77,33,061. It was held that this was speculative transaction within the meaning of Sub-section (5) of Section 43 of the Income Tax Act. Invoking the provisions of Section 73 of the Income Tax Act, the Assessing Officer held that the speculative loss of Rs. 77,33,061 could not be allowed to be set off against the profit of general business of the assessee. The order was affirmed
(3 of 4) [ITA-18/2014] by the Commissioner of Income Tax (A)-1, Kanpur. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in appeal held that the assessee was entitled to the exception covered by Clause (c) of the proviso to Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act, which reads as under : "a contract entered into by a member of a forward market or a stock exchange in the course of any transaction in the nature of jobbing or arbitrage to guard against loss which may arise in the ordinary course of his business as such member ; shall not be deemed to be a speculative transaction ;"
The Tribunal found dial the assessee was entitled to the exception covered by the proviso, Clause (c) to Sub-section (5) of Section 43 of the Income Tax Act. The onus of proof was on the Department to establish that such exception was not applicable. It has placed reliance upon the decision of the Supreme Court in CIT v. Ramakrishna
Deo MANU/SC/0059/1958MANU/SC/0059/1958
: [1959]35ITR312(SC) . It further found that no material was collected at the appellate stage to show that the condition was fulfilled. Learned counsel for the applicant has not shown that there was any material to show that the assessee was not entitled to the exception, referred to above. It may also be noted that the applicant has not sought any question to be referred in regard to proviso, Clause (c) to Sub-section (5) of Section 43 of the Income Tax Act.”
He has relied upon another decision in case of Commissioner of Income Tax, Bangalore vs. First Securities (P) Ltd. [2015] 370 ITR 72 (Karnataka) wherein it has been held as under:- “Therefore, it has no application to a contract entered into by a member of the NSE or Bangalore Stock Exchange, whose business is in trading of shares on behalf of his clients, which is known as jobbing or arbitrage. Any loss which may arise in the course of such business, shall not be deemed to be a speculative transaction. If the nature of the transaction by the assessee is not a speculative transaction at all, then, the Explanation to section 73 of the Act has no application. The loss sustained by the assessee is a business loss which can be set off against the income from the other sources. Therefore, the prohibition under section 73 of the Act is attracted only to set off the loss in a (4 of 4) [ITA-18/2014] speculative business against the profit from other business, because loss from speculation business should be set off only from a profit of speculation business. Therefore, the Tribunal was justified in setting aside the order passed by the authorities and allowing the claim of the assessee. The substantial question of law is answered in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. We do not see any merit in these two appeals. Accordingly, the appeals are dismissed.”
We have heard counsel for both the sides.
Taking into account, the MCX is only for the purpose of government and it is doing only job work therefore, there is no delivery. Even the Tribunal has admitted the transaction being of jobbing nature. In that view of the matter, the Tribunal has rightly invoked the provision of Section 43(5) and Clause (c) in holding that transactions are not speculative transaction. Hence, the issue is answered in favour of the assessee and against the department.
The appeal stands dismissed. (VIJAY KUMAR VYAS),J (K.S.JHAVERI),J A.Sharma/96
More judgments on Section 43(5)
- Kamal Ramprasad Gupta, Mumbai vs Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle…ITA 3458/MUM/2026[2016-17]Status: Disposed31 Aug 2026AY 2016-17
- The Principal Commissioner of Income Tax… vs Nk Proteins Pvt. LtdTAXAP/449/20254 Aug 2026
- Income Tax Officer, Ward-41(3)(1), Mumbai vs Ajit H Loladiya HUF, MumbaiITA 987/MUM/2026[2012-13]Status: Disposed10 Jul 2026AY 2012-13
- Raag Vihar Apartments Private Limited… vs DCIT Circle 16(1), C. R. Building, DelhiITA 8774/DEL/2025[2015-16]Status: Disposed10 Jul 2026AY 2015-16
- Dy.Commissioner of Income Tax, Mumbai vs Motilal Oswal Financial Services Limited…ITA 7971/MUM/2025[2014]Status: Disposed7 Jul 2026
Recent GST High Court judgments
Search GST case law →- Imtiyaz Shaikh Z Chorlekar vs. Salman ShaikhBombay · 21 Oct 2026
- Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Thr Its Registrar Prashant S Amrutkar vs. Union Of INDIA Thr The Secretary And OthersBombay · 19 Oct 2026
- Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Thr Registrar Prashant S Amrutkar vs. Union Of INDIA Thr Secretary And OthersBombay · 19 Oct 2026
- Vinishma Technologies Private Limited vs. State Of KarnatakaKarnataka · 17 Oct 2026
- Vinishma Technologies Private Limited vs. State Of KarnatakaKarnataka · 17 Oct 2026