PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX - 3 vs. ASHOKJI CHANDUJI THAKOR

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TAXAP/713/2018HC GujaratGJHC24018444201827 June 2018Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A.Y. KOGJE11 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the impugned order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) was non-speaking and unreasoned. The Tribunal had restored the matter back to the file of the CIT(A) solely on the observation that it was expedient in the larger interest of justice to enable the assessee to avail an opportunity once more. The Tribunal did not assign any reasons or observe anything on the merits of the order passed by the CIT(A), nor did it consider whether the assessee had justifiable reasons for non-appearance. The Court found that the manner in which the Tribunal disposed of the appeal was not appreciable and could not be sustained. The Court noted that the assessee had been non-cooperative from the assessment stage onwards, failing to provide details to the AO and the CIT(A) despite multiple opportunities. The AO and CIT(A) had both decided the matter on merits based on the available material. Therefore, the High Court concluded that the ITAT's order suffered from arbitrariness and unreasonableness. The questions of law were answered in favour of the Revenue, and the impugned order of the ITAT was quashed and set aside, restoring the orders passed by the AO and CIT(A).

What were the facts?

A search action was conducted at the assessee's premises on September 21, 2010. A notice under Section 153A was issued for Assessment Years (AY) 2005-06 to 2010-11. The assessee filed returns declaring a total income of Rs. 81,430. During the search, cash of Rs. 10,02,940 and jewellery worth Rs. 70,400 were found, with Rs. 9,88,500 cash seized. The Assessing Officer (AO) noticed the assessee's group was involved in land transactions with unrecorded cash generation. Despite multiple opportunities and notices under Section 142(1) and 144, the assessee failed to provide details. The AO treated an investment of Rs. 5,13,883 in land as unexplained and added it to the total income, also initiating penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c). Similar additions were made for other AYs. The assessee appealed to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)], but again failed to cooperate. The CIT(A) dismissed the appeals ex-parte, confirming the AO's additions. The assessee then appealed to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), which, without assigning reasons, restored the matter to the CIT(A) for fresh adjudication in the 'larger interest of justice'. The Revenue has appealed this ITAT order.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the order passed by the CIT(A) on the ground that the CIT(A) had not rendered any decision on merits, without appreciating that the assessee's total non-compliance, despite sufficient opportunities, left the CIT(A) with no material to decide on merits and compelled it to rely on the Assessing Officer's ex-parte findings? (Question of law) 2. Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the matter to the CIT(A) for fresh adjudication without considering whether there were justifiable grounds for the assessee's total non-compliance before the CIT(A) and the Assessing Officer? (Question of law) Assessee's Contention: The Tribunal remanded the matter back to the CIT(A) for deciding the controversy afresh. Therefore, no substantial question of law arises from such an order. The assessee relied on the case of Nek Ram Sharma and Co. vs. Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal (2011) 115 Taxman 636 (J&K). The appeals should be dismissed. Revenue's Contention: The Tribunal erred in setting aside the CIT(A)'s order without assigning any reasons or justification. The CIT(A) had passed a reasoned order on merits after the assessee's non-compliance. The Tribunal's order was non-speaking and unreasoned, remitting the matter casually and lightly. The Tribunal ought not to have set aside the CIT(A)'s order and restored the matter to the CIT(A) without cogent reasons. The appeals should be allowed.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 153A,Section 142(1),Section 144,Section 271(1)(c),Section 271(1)(b)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
C/TAXAP/710/2018 CAV JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD R/TAX APPEAL NO.  710 of 2018 With  R/TAX APPEAL NO. 711 of 2018 With  R/TAX APPEAL NO. 712 of 2018 With  R/TAX APPEAL NO. 713 of 2018 With  R/TAX APPEAL NO. 714 of 2018 With  R/TAX APPEAL NO. 717 of 2018   FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:  HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH                              sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.Y. KOGJE                              sd/­ ========================================= 1      Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see  the judgment ? YES 2      To be referred to the Reporter or not ? YES 3      Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the  judgment ? NO 4      Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as  to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any  order made thereunder ? NO ============================================= PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX ­ 3 Versus ASHOKJI CHANDUJI THAKOR ============================================= Appearance: MRS MAUNA M BHATT(174) for the PETITIONER(s) No. 1 MR VIVEKKUMAR CHAVDA(6666) for the RESPONDENT(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.Y. KOGJE  Date : 27/06/2018

CAV JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

As common question of law and facts arise in this group of appeals   and   with   respect   to   same   assessee   but   for   different assessment years and as such arise out of the impugned common judgment and order passed by the learned Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, all these appeals are decided and disposed of by this common judgment and order.

2.0.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment and order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, "A"   Bench,   Ahmedabad   passed   in   Appeal   being   IT(SS)   A No.117/AHD/2015   for   AY   2005­06   to   2010­11,   by   which,   the learned   Tribunal   has   allowed   the   said   appeals   and   without assigning any reason and without any justification has set aside the orders passed by the learned ITAT and has remitted the matter / restored the matter back to the file of the learned CIT(A), the Revenue   has   preferred   present   Tax   Appeal   to   consider   the following questions of law. "(A) Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the order passed by the CIT(A) on the ground that CIT(A) had   not   rendered   any   decision  on   merits   without appreciating the fact that due to total non­compliance on part of the assessee despite granting sufficient opportunities, CIT(A) did not have any material to further dwelt upon the issue and had no choice but to frame an order based on the finding, given in the ex­parte order passed by the Assessing Officer? (B) Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the matter to CIT(A) for fresh adjudication without taking into consideration   whether   there   were   justifiable   grounds   for making   total   non­compliance   by   the   assessee   before   the CIT(A) as well as the Assessing Officer? "

3.0.

For the sake of convenience facts in Tax Appeal No. 710 of 2018 arising out of the impugned common judgment and order passed by the learned ITAT passed in IT(SS) A No.117/AHD/2015 for AY 2005­06 are narrated, which are as under:

3.1.

A search action was conducted at the premises of the assessee on 21.09.2010. The notice under Section 153 A of the Act was issued to the assessee on 18.12.2012 for AY 2005­06 to AY 2010­ 11, which duly served upon the assessee. In response to the said notice, assessee filed its return of income for AY 2005­06 to 2010­ 11 on 10.01.2013. The return was income of the was filed on 10.01.2013 declaring total income at Rs.81430/­. During the search at   the   resident   of   the   assessee   cash   of   Rs.10,02,940/­   and   a jewellery   worth   of   Rs.70,400/­   were   found.   That   a   cash     of Rs.9,88,500/­   was   seized,   it   appears   that   during   the   course   of search proceeding, it was noticed by the AO that Thakore Group was engaged in sale and purchase of land and the group was generating substantial cash by not fully recording transactions of sale and purchase of land. That during the assessment proceeding, notice under Section 142(1) of the Act was issued on  16.1.2013 for AY 2005­06 to AY 2011­12 requesting to submit the details called for till 23.01.2012  as the assessee failed to submit any reply thereafter. Therefore, the show cause notice for levy of penalty under Section 271(1)(b) of the Act was sent to the assessee vide notice dated 08.02.2013. That a show cause notice for completion of   assessment   under   Section   144   of   the   Act   was   issued   on 08.02.2013   requesting   the   assessee   to   submit   the   reply.   The authorized representative of the assessee attended the office and various details, explanation of seized material and clarification was called for vide order sheet entries dated 03.01.2013, 08.02.2013 and 25.03.2013. It was noticed that no reply has been received on various queries raised except a copy of bank statement. Therefore, a final show cause under Section 142(1) of the Act for completion of   assessment   under   Section   144   of   the   Act   was   issued   on 01.03.2013 but no reply was received till 12.03.2013. Therefore, it was found that only reply submitted in the case of Thakore Group was   in   the   case   of   assessee's   brother.   So   far   as   assessee   is concerned, despite almost 5 to 6 opportunities were given, no reply was filed. That thereafter, the AO proceeded further with to finalize the assessment proceedings under Section 144 of the Act on the basis   of   details   available   on   record.   That   after   considering   the material on record, the investment on the land of Rs.5,13,883/­ was treated as unexplained investment and the same was added to the total income of the assessee. That the AO also observed that penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) of the Act is being initiated for submitting inaccurate particulars of income.

3.2.

Similar, additions were made on unexplained investment in purchased of the land for the remaining assessment years.

3.3.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   respective assessment   orders,   assessee   preferred   appeal   before   the   CIT(A) against the addition of unexplained investment.

3.4.

Even before the learned CIT(A) also the assessee was non­ cooperative. Though, number of opportunities were given, nobody attended   the   hearing   before   the   learned   CIT(A).   That   final opportunity   was   given   vide   notice   dated   5.12.2014   which   was served upon the assessee on 08.12.2014 and the hearing was fixed on 17.12.2014. In the notice, it was specifically mentioned that "please note that this is the final opportunity and in case of non appearance   and   no   submission   of   details   the   appeal   shall   be decided as per the statement of facts and material available on record", however despite the above final notice, none attended on the date of hearing. That thereafter, considering the material on record and after taking into consideration the ground on all the appeals, the learned CIT(A) dismissed the appeal / appeals.

3.5.

Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order / orders passed by the learned CIT(A) confirming the additions made by the AO,  the assessee preferred appeals  before  the learned Tribunal being   Appeal   Nos.   IT(SS)   A   No.117/AHD/2015   to   IT(SS)   A No.122/AHD/2015. By   impugned   non   reasoned,   non   speaking order, the learned Tribunal has remitted / restored the matter back to  the   file   of  the   learned  CIT(A)   solely   by   observing   that  "we consider it expedient to restore the matter back to the file of the CIT(A) in the larger interest of justice with a view to enable the assessee to avail opportunity once more." Consequently, the learned Tribunal has set aside the order/ orders passed by the learned CIT(A).

3.6.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned common judgment and order passed by the learned Tribunal, the Revenue   has   preferred   the   present   appeals   to   consider   the following questions of law. "(A) Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the order passed by the CIT(A) on the ground that CIT(A) had   not   rendered   any   decision  on   merits   without appreciating the fact that due to total non­compliance on part of the assessee despite granting sufficient opportunities, CIT(A) did not have any material to further dwelt upon the issue and had no choice but to frame an order based on the finding, given in the ex­parte order passed by the Assessing Officer? (B) Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in setting aside the matter to CIT(A) for fresh adjudication without taking into consideration   whether   there   were   justifiable   grounds   for making   total   non­compliance   by   the   assessee   before   the CIT(A) as well as the Assessing Officer? "

4.0.

Mrs. Bhatt, learned advocate has appeared on behalf of the Revenue and Shri Vivek Chavda, learned advocate has appeared on behalf of the common assessee.

5.0.

Mrs. Bhatt, learned advocate for the Revenue has vehemently submitted that impugned common judgment and order passed by the   learned   Tribunal   suffers   from   unreasonableness   and arbitrariness and therefore, the same deserves  to be quashed and set aside.

5.1.

It is vehemently submitted by Mrs. Bhatt, learned advocate for the Revenue that no reason whatsoever has been given by the learned Tribunal as to why the orders passed by the learned CIT(A) deserve to be quashed and set aside and why the matters are required to be restored back to the file of the learned CIT(A). It is vehemently   submitted   by   Mrs.   Bhatt,   learned   advocate   for   the Revenue that before AO as well as learned CIT(A) all throughout assessee was non cooperative and despite sufficient opportunity is given   nobody   remained   present   on   behalf   of   the   assessee   and thereafter when the AO framed the assessment and learned CIT(A) dismissed   the   appeals,   the   same   could   not   have   been   rightly interfered with by the learned Tribunal in a manner in which the learned Tribunal has dealt with the matter.

5.2.

It is submitted that the learned Tribunal as such was required to consider on merits whether there were any justifiable reasons for the assessee and / or its representative not to remain present at the time of hearing and only on sufficient cause being shown, learned Tribunal by passing speaking and reasoned order remitted back the matter to the learned CIT(A).

5.

3 It is submitted that in the present case as such no reasons whatsoever have been given by the learned Tribunal how the order passed by the learned CIT(A) is erroneous and why the matters are required to be remitted back to the file by the learned CIT(A). It is submitted that therefore, the impugned order passed by the learned CIT(A)   suffers   from   unreasonableness,   arbitrariness   and   non application of mind. It is submitted that the manner in which the learned Tribunal has dealt with and disposed of the appeals and has   remitted   the   matter   back   to   the   learned   CIT(A),   is   not justiciable at all.  It is submitted that the appeals cannot be decided at the whims and the orders cannot be passed in such a manner.

5.4.

It is submitted that the order passed by the learned CIT(A) would not have been set aside in such a casual manner and the matters could not have been restored back to the file of learned CIT(A) by observing that " we consider it expedient to restore the matter back   to  the   file   of  the  CIT(A)  in   the  larger   interest  of justice". It is submitted that such remand must be backed by cogent (2011) 115 Taxman 636 (J & K). It is submitted that therefore, when it cannot be said that any substantial question of law arise. It is requested to dismiss the present appeals.

7.0.

Heard the learned advocates for the respective parties at length. Perused the impugned judgment and order passed by the learned Tribunal. By impugned judgment and order passed by the learned ITAT, the Tribunal has remitted the matter back to the file of the learned CIT(A) for afresh adjudication by solely observing that ""we consider it expedient to restore the matter back to the file of the CIT(A) in the larger interest of justice with a view to enable the   assessee   to   avail   opportunity   once   more."   No   reasons whatsoever have been assigned by the learned ITAT and learned Tribunal has not at all observed anything on merits of the order passed   by   the   learned   CIT(A).   Nothing   is   observed   whether assessee   was   prevented   from   appearing   before   the   learned CIT(A)and / or there were any justifiable reasons for the  assessee not   to  appear   before  the   learned  CIT(A).  The   impugned  order passed by the learned Tribunal is non speaking and unreasoned order. The manner in which, the learned Tribunal has disposed of the appeal is not at all appreciable and same cannot be sustained. Without any cogent reasons and / or justifiable reasons, the matters cannot be remitted casually and lightly. Merely by observing that that ""we consider it expedient  in the larger interest of justice", a well reasoned order passed by the learned CIT(A) could not have been set aside in such a manner and the matter cannot be restored to the file by the learned CIT(A). Thus, the impugned order passed by the learned Tribunal can be said to be suffering from vice of arbitrariness, unreasonableness and therefore, interference of this Court is called for. It is true that normally High Court would not interfere with the order  of remand passed by the learned Tribunal remanding the matter for fresh adjudication. However, provided the   order   passed  by   the   learned  Tribunal   is   backed   by   cogent reasons   and   does   not   suffer   from   any   unreasonableness   and arbitrariness like in the present case. The exercise of powers in such a manner and exercise of such appellate powers and passing the non speaking and non reasoned order and the orders which are passed by the Tribunal, which suffers from unreasonableness and arbitrariness and / or at the whims of the Tribunal not backed by any reason can be said to be pure question of law and therefore, interference of this Court is required.

8.0.

It is required to be noted that in the present case right from very   begging   i.e.   assessment   proceeding,   assessee   was   non cooperative.   Number   of   opportunities   were   given   by   the   AO, however assessee did not cooperate and even did not file any reply. Therefore,   considering   the   material   on   record,   the   AO   made addition   as   unexplained   investment.   Even   before   the   learned CIT(A)   also   the   assessee   was   non   cooperative.   Number   of opportunities  were   given   to  the  assessee  to  represent   his  case, however none remained present on behalf of assessee. Thereafter, the learned CIT(A) proceeded further with the appeal ex­parte and decided the appeal on merits and confirmed the order passed by the AO confirming additions of unexplained investment. Thus, even learned   CIT(A)   also   decided   the   matter   on   merits.   On   going through the orders passed by the AO as well as learned CIT(A), we are   of   the   opinion   that   in   absence   of   any   explanation   by   the assessee on the investment in question, AO was justified in making the   addition   of   unexplained   investment   and   thereafter   learned CIT(A) was justified in confirming the same. Therefore, even the order passed by the learned CIT(A) which was on merits was not required to be interfered with by the learned CIT(A) and ought not to have been quashed and set aside without assigning any reasons. Under   the   circumstances,   the   impugned   orders   passed   by   the learned Tribunal cannot be sustained.

9.0.

In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the questions of law are answered in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee and impugned common judgment and order passed by the learned Tribunal in IT(SS) A No.117/AHD/2015 to IT(SS) A No.122/AHD/2015 is hereby quashed and set aside and the orders passed by the AO as well as learned CIT(A) are restored. All the appeals are allowed accordingly. No costs. sd/­ (M.R. SHAH, J) sd.­ (A.Y. KOGJE, J) KAUSHIK J. RATHOD

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