ROUNAK MODI, RAIGARH, RAIGARH vs. ITO, WARD-1, RAIGARH, RAIGARH
What did the Tribunal hold?
The Tribunal held that the assessee failed to provide any evidence to demonstrate a reasonable cause for the inordinate delay. Citing various Supreme Court judgments, the Tribunal emphasized that delay caused by negligence or a casual approach cannot be condoned.
What were the facts?
The assessee filed an appeal before the CIT(Appeals) with a delay of 986 days. The CIT(Appeals) dismissed the appeal as barred by limitation. The assessee contended there was a reasonable cause for the delay, but the Revenue argued there was no evidence of a reasonable cause.
What were the issues?
Whether the delay in filing the appeal before the CIT(Appeals) was sufficiently explained and whether it should be condoned.
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, RAIPUR BENCH “SMC”, RAIPUR
Before: SHRI PARTHA SARATHI CHAUDHURY
आदेश / ORDER PER PARTHA SARATHI CHAUDHURY, JM: The captioned appeal preferred by the assessee emanates from the order of the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC, dated 27.03.2026 for the assessment year 2017-18 as per the grounds of appeal on record.
In the instant case the First Appellate Authority had dismissed the appeal of the assessee as barred by limitation since the appeal was filed by the assessee with huge inordinate delay of 986 days i.e. approximately 2 Yr. 8 Months and 16 days. At the time of hearing, the Ld. Counsel for the assessee submitted that there was a reasonable cause for which such delay had occurred.
Per contra, Ld. Sr. DR submitted that there is no evidence on record to even suggest a reasonable cause for such delay. It is nothing but the assessee is negligent and has a casual approach for the process of law and therefore, the order of CIT(A) should be confirmed.
Having heard the parties I find strength in the contention of the Ld. Sr. DR. That as evident from the findings of the Ld. CIT(A)/NFAC no reasonable cause has been put forth by the assessee for such huge
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inordinate delay. That at the time of hearing the Ld. Counsel for the assessee could not prove that the assessee is bonafide. That upon receipt of the assessment order the assessee choose to wait for 986 days to file the appeal before the CIT(A)/NFAC.
That on similar parameters of appeal filed belatedly with inordinate delay, ITAT, SMC, Raipur in the cases of Saumya Services, Durg Vs. ITO- 1(1), ITA Nos. 271 & 272/RPR/2026, dated 05.05.2026 has held and observed as follows: “3. There is no iota of evidence to demonstrate that the assessee was vigilant and not negligent. The very fact that the assessee waits to file appeal before the Tribunal for 915 days itself shows carelessness and casual approach of the assessee while pursuing the process of law. The explanation advanced by the Ld. Counsel on behalf of the assessee is very impractical and unfeasible. Relief got by one partner cannot help the other partner in not filing appeal in time. The law of limitation is therefore to deal with these careless assessee and it is well established that the process of law has to be complied within certain period of time and that it cannot be allowed to prolong forever and ever. Therefore, before every authority filing of appeal and process therein has to be done within a specified period enshrined in the statutes. 4. In this case, the very conduct of the assessee reveals negligence on its part. That any prudent assessee being aggrieved by the appellate order would suo-motto within the reasonable time as granted by law of limitation would first file appeal. In this case, it is clearly evident that the assessee was sleeping on its rights in filing the appeal before the Tribunal and was highly negligent which resulted in such inordinate delay of 915 days. It is dictated by the Hon’ble Apex Court that delay cannot be condoned just on the basis of an Act of generosity and that the pursuit of substantial justice must not come at the cost of causing prejudice to the opposing party.
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The Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of H. Guruswamy & Ors. Vs. A. Krishnaish since deceased by Lrs, CIVIL APPEAL No. 317 of 2025 (Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No.9719/2020), dated 08.01.2025 has held that while considering the plea for condonation of delay, the court must not start with the merits of the main matter. The court owes a duty to first ascertain the bona fides of the explanation offered by the party seeking condonation. It had further observed that once it is held that a party has lost his right to have the matter considered on merits because of his own inaction for long, it cannot be presumed to be non-deliberate delay and in such circumstances of the case, he cannot be heard to plead that the substantial justice deserves to be preferred as against the technical considerations. 6. Further, the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Thirunagalingam Vs. Lingeswaran & Anr., Civil Appeal No.(S)…….of 2025 [Arising out of SLP (C) No. 17575 of 2023] had held while setting aside the impugned order of the Hon’ble High Court of Madras which allowed the civil revision preferred by the assessee that the delay should not be condoned merely as an act of generosity. The Hon’ble Apex Court had emphasized that reasons explained by the assessee should be bonafide and that there shall be no negligence on the part of the assessee. The Hon’ble Apex Court emphasized that delay should not be condoned merely as an Act of generosity and that the pursuit of substantial justice must not come at the cost of causing prejudice to the opposing party. 7. In recent times it had been clearly laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court that if delay is caused by negligence or inactive approach, it cannot be condoned. Similarly, condonation of delay is not a matter of right but a matter of discretion of the Court. In the case of State of Orissa Vs. Managing Committee of Namatara Girls High School, 2026 LiveLaw (SC) 161, the Hon’ble Apex Court held that liberal approach does not mean forgiving negligent delay. In the case of Thirunagalingam Vs. Lingeswaran & Anr., Civil Appeal No.(S)…….of 2025 [Arising out of SLP (C) No. 17575 of 2023], the Hon’ble Supreme Court highlighted that procedural timelines are mandatory for legal certainty. 8. The fact of the matter is that the assessee cannot take advantage of its own wrong. Nothing has been brought on record to suggest any sufficient reasons for condonation of such huge inordinate delay before the Tribunal. The judicial principles enshrined in afore-stated decisions dictates that
5 Rounak Modi vs. ITO ITA Nos.435/RPR/2026
such inordinate delay combined with negligence and lack of sufficient reasons for such huge inordinate delay results in dismissal of appeal on limitation itself. That even within the expression of ‘justice oriented approach’, it would be unfair towards Revenue to condone such delay and provide relief to the assessee on the ground of limitation where the assessee itself is negligent and had adopted a casual approach. 9. Further, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Ramlal, Motilal and Chotelal Vs. Rewa Coalfields Ltd. AIR (1962) 361 (SC) had held that seeker of justice must come with clean hands. In the present case, the reasons advanced by the assessee do not show any good and sufficient reasons for condonation of such a huge delay. I accordingly decline to condone the delay of 915 days involved in both these appeals and without going into the merits of the cases, dismiss the appeals of the assessee as barred by limitation. 10. In the result, both the appeals of the assessee are dismissed.”
The fact of the matter is that the assessee has not brought on record any evidence to even suggest that he is bonafide assessee and that he was not negligent. The legal process cannot be misused for the advantage of a particular person in his own way without following the dictate of law. The judicial principles enshrined in afore-stated decisions dictates that such inordinate delay combined with negligence and lack of sufficient reasons for such huge inordinate delay results in dismissal of appeal on limitation itself. That even ‘justice oriented approach’ do not permit to cause prejudice to the Revenue by condoning such inordinate delay when the assessee is negligent and has adopted casual approach towards process of law. In view thereof, I do not find any infirmity in the findings of Ld. CIT(A)/NFAC.
6 Rounak Modi vs. ITO ITA Nos.435/RPR/2026
In the result, the appeal of the assessee is dismissed.
Order pronounced in the open court on 18th June, 2026.
Sd/- PARTHA SARATHI CHAUDHURY (JUDICIAL MEMBER) रायपुर/ RAIPUR ; �दनांक / Dated : 18th June, 2026. Tanmay, Sr. PS आदेश क� ��त�ल�प अ�े�षत / Copy of the Order forwarded to : 1. अपीलाथ� /The Appellant. 2. ��यथ� /The Respondent. 3. The CIT(Appeals)-1, Raipur (C.G.) 4. �वभागीय ��त�न�ध, आयकर अपील�य अ�धकरण, रायपुर ब�च, रायपुर / DR, ITAT, Raipur Bench, Raipur. 5. गाड� फ़ाइल / Guard File. आदेशानुसार / BY ORDER, // True Copy // Senior Private Secretary आयकर अपील�य अ�धकरण, रायपुर / ITAT, Raipur.
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