AMPLUS ENERGY SOLUTIONS PTE LTD,SINGAPORE vs. THE OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, NEW DELHI

Pursuant to the above directions, the assessment was completed vide impugned final assessment order dated 28 June 2023 passed under section 143(3) read with section 144C (13) of Act wherein the Ld. AO restricted the benefit of the concessional rate conferred under section 194LD of the Act only to NCDs but did not grant the benefit of concession rate under section 194LD of the Act to OCDs and CCDs. Aggrieved by the final order, the Appellant has preferred to file the appeal before this Tribunal raising following grounds in AY 2020-21, which are common to both the years;

Ground no. 1 in both the years; The ground arises questioning the taxability of interest income earned on CCDs and OCDs amounting to INR 48,12,43,263. Admittedly as per section 115A(i)(a)(BA)(ii) of the Act, interest income referred to in section 194LD of the Act will be taxable at the rate provided in the said section. Further, section 194LD of the Act provides that any person who is responsible for paying to a person being a Foreign Institutional Investor (FIIs) / Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs), any income by way of interest, which satisfies the specified conditions, shall, at the time of credit or payment of such income to the account of the payee whichever is earlier, deduct income-tax thereon at the rate of 5.46% (including applicable surcharge and cess). On a bare perusal of section 194LD of the Act, it is evident that the following conditions need to be satisfied for the applicability of the concessional tax rate of 5.46% (including applicable surcharge and cess): • Condition 1: Interest is paid/payable to a FIIs or QFIs • Condition 2: Interest is payable within the time period of 1 June 2013 up to 1 July 2020 (extended up to 1 July 2023 through a subsequent amendment) • Condition 3: Interest is payable on securities specified in the section - i.e., Rupee denominated bond of an Indian company or Government security.

Now admittedly interest is paid/payable to a appellant and its status as FII is not disputed. The term ‘FII used in section 194LD of the Act has the same meaning assigned to it in clause (a) of explanation to section 115AD of the Act. The Central Government vide Notification No. SO 199(E), dated 22-1-2014 has specified that Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPI) registered under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Foreign Portfolio Investors), Regulations 2014 shall be treated as FIIs for the purpose of section 115AD. The Appellant is a Category II FPI registered with SEBI. Then interest is payable within the time period of 1 June 2013 up to 1 July 2020 (extended up to 1 July 2023 through a subsequent amendment). Revenue does not dispute that the interest rate on the respective OCDs and CCDs does not exceed the maximum interest rate notified by the Central Government, being 500 basis points over the base rate of State Bank of India. Thus, it can be concluded that the interest rate condition is also satisfied in the present case in respect of the respective OCDs and CCDs issued by the Indian AEs. 7

The only issue under dispute remains is if CCD and OCD fall in the category of Rupee denominated bond of an Indian company so the provisions of section 194LD of the Act, becomes applicable. Admittedly the terms ‘debenture’ or ‘bond’ are not defined under the Act. Assertion of Sr. Counsel is that these words are used interchangeably within the Act. Both bonds and debentures are debt instruments. In the absence of specific definition of the terms in the Act, the meaning of the ‘debenture’ can be borrowed from other statutes. In this regard, reference was made to some of provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and same are reproduced below; “Section 2 “(30) ‘debenture’ includes debenture stock, bonds or any other instrument of a company evidencing a debt, whether constituting a charge on the assets of the company or not; ……… ……… (84) ‘share’ means a share in the share capital of a company and includes stock;” Section 71 “(1) A company may issue debentures with an option to convert such debentures into shares, either wholly or partly at the time of redemption: Provided that the issue of debentures with an option to convert such debentures into shares, wholly or partly, shall be approved by a special / resolution passed at a general meeting….”

Ld. Sr. Counsel has referred to the decision of co-ordinate bench in the case of Heidelberg Cement AG, vs. ACIT, International Taxation, [2022] 143 taxmann.com 79 (Delhi - Trib.), where the bench has held that in absence of a specific definition of bonds in Act, term 'bonds' used in section 194LD of ITAs No.2417 & 3370/Del/2023 the Act should be considered as including NCDs and accordingly concessional rate of 5 percent was to be allowed. In the said case, relying on the decision of Hon’ble Delhi High Court in the case of Shree Visheshwar Nath Memorial Public Ch. Trust [2010] 194 Taxman 280 (Delhi) bench has set aside the orders passed by the revenue authorities and decided the issue in favour of the assessee and held that a ‘debenture’ be considered as ‘bond’ for the purpose of section 194LD of the Act. The relevant extracts of the judgement are: “…….. In this case, on the issue of meaning of debenture in Income-tax Act purposes, Hon'ble jurisdictional High Court has expounded as under:- “The word 'debenture' is nowhere defined under the Act. However, the Companies Act, 1956 specifically defines this term and as per the definition provided in section 2(12) of the said statute, 'bond' is covered under the expression 'debenture'. [Para 3] The Kerala High Court in CIT v. Cochin Refineries Ltd. [1983] 142 ITR 441/ [1982] 11 Taxman 135 held that in the absence of any definition of 'debenture' in the Act, reliance could be placed upon the definition given in section 2(12) and also the common parlance in which this term is understood. [Para 4] Thus, it would be appropriate to rely upon the definition of 'debenture' as contained in section 2(12) and, therefore, it could not be held that the assessee contravened the provisions of section 13(1)(d). [Para 5]’’

Thus with regard to NCD there is no dispute left that same are considered to be ‘Bonds’ for the purpose of section 194LD of the Act. However, for OCDs and CCDs ld. Counsel has submitted that till conversion OCD and CCD cannot be said to be shares of a company because debentures and shares are two separate instruments and there are certain differences between rights and ITAs No.2417 & 3370/Del/2023 obligations of debenture holders vis-a-vis shareholders. An illustrative list of them has been relied and we reproduce the same below: i. Shareholders are members and joint owners of the company, while a debenture holder is only a creditor; ii. Section 47 of the Companies Act, 2013 grants right to vote to shareholders on every resolution of the company, unlike debenture holders; iii. Debentures may be secured and have charge over the assets of the company, whereas no such charge is created in favour of the shareholders; iv. Debenture holders, being creditors, are ranked in priority to the shareholders in case of winding up; the liability of the company including that towards debenture holders is discharged first while shareholders have the right on the residual assets/ monies; v. As per section 62 of the Companies Act, 2013, existing equity shareholders shall have first right to subscribe additional shares where company proposes to increase its subscribed share capital; no such preferential right is available to the debenture holders, whether convertible or not; 10. The aforesaid makes it patently clear that the two instruments viz., “debenture” and “share” are separate and distinct instruments with separate rights and obligations of both the issuer company and the subscriber. For instance, instrument of debenture is evidence of existence of a debt with the issuing company. Unlike, debentures, instruments in the nature of shares (be it equity or preference) is not in the nature of debt, but form part of the permanent

Further, the issue as to the nature of OCDs / CCDs, viz, whether the same are in the nature of debt or equity, is no longer res-integra. In the case of R.D. Goyal v. Reliance Industries Ltd.: 113 Comp. Cas. 1/ 40 SCL 503, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, after detailed analysis of the difference between debenture and shares, noted that the expression "share" has been defined in section 2(46) of the Companies Act, 1956 to mean share in the share capital of a company, while debenture is simply an instrument of debt executed by the company acknowledging its liability to repay the amount represented therein at a specified rate of interest; in other words, debenture is a certificate of loan or bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay an amount specified with interest. Though the amount which is raised by a company through debentures becomes part of its capital structure, the same does not become part of share capital, the apex Court further observed.

Further, reliance is placed on the following case laws to contend that the Hon’ble Courts and benches of the Tribunal have recognized the difference between CCDs / OCDs, on the one hand, and shares, on the other, to hold that expenses incurred on issuance of CCDs / OCDs being debt instruments, which is different from shares, is allowable deduction under the provisions of the Act.

Now from these decisions what we can conclude is that debentures has inseverable relation with debt. An acknowledgement of indebtedness is inherent in it. The payment of interest pre-supposes the fact that money has been borrowed or a debt has been incurred. The obligation to repay the amount is embedded in the concept of debt, the repayment need not be in the form of cash, it could be in kind. Conversion of bonds into fully paid-up equity shares at the end of the specified period at the conversion price amounts to constructive repayment of debt. The rights and obligation of debentures, in general, would mutatis mutandis be applicable to the OCDs / CCDs prior to their conversion. The only uncertainty in the OCDs is whether the debenture holder will go for conversion into shares or will continue to hold them as debentures. This uncertainty in no way impacts the inherent nature of the instrument. The nature, rights and obligations attached to OCDs / CCDs, cannot be equated with that of shares until conversion thereof till then OCDs / CCDs retain the character of a debenture simplicitor.

We are of further considered view that as for the purpose of Section 194LD what is important is that the security should be rupee denominated one.

Ground No.2: Ground No.2 in AY 2021-22 arises out of an error in applying the correct tax rate with regard to which the ld. DR could not dispute the facts and the issue is decided in favour of the assessee for statistical