Section 80IA(4) of the Income Tax Act
The decision most relied on for Section 80IA(4) is CIT v. ABG Heavy Industries Ltd. (322 ITR 323), cited in 229 of the 68 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.
Leading authorities on Section 80IA(4)
The Assessing Officer cannot deny a Section 80IA deduction by merely asserting that the assessee is not a "developer" without considering the relevant agreements and facts. Entitlement to Section 80IA deduction requires a thorough examination of the assessee's role as a developer.
The substance of a transaction, not merely its form, determines whether a payment is a capital receipt (like a premium or salami for transferring a right to enjoy property) or revenue income (like periodical rent), even if the capital payment is made in instalments.
An assessee is eligible for deduction under Section 80IA for an infrastructure project, even if they are a contractor executing only part of the work. Eligibility depends on the nature of the work undertaken, requiring an analysis to determine if the activity qualifies as that of a developer or a mere works contractor.
Interest income earned from mandatory investments made as a condition of carrying on a business, such as for a contingency reserve under the Electricity (Supply) Act, is eligible for deduction under Section 80-IA as it is intrinsically linked to the business activity.
Income cannot be taxed if no real income has resulted, even if bookkeeping entries suggest otherwise. A tax liability cannot be attracted merely by following book-keeping methods if no actual income has been earned.
In the interpretation of taxing statutes, exemption provisions are to be construed strictly, but once eligibility criteria are met, the exemption notification should be liberally construed to give it full play.
An assessee is entitled to claim the benefit under Section 80IA(4)(i) even in the absence of a specific agreement with the Central/State Government, local authority or statutory body, if the proposal was accepted by the Government on certain conditions which were duly complied with.
Judgments on Section 80IA(4)
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