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“estimation of income”

Assessment ProceduresSection 145Section 1453,061 judgments

The decision most relied on for estimation of income is CIT v. Simit P. Sheth (356 ITR 451), cited in 1,465 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on estimation of income

CIT v. Simit P. Sheth
356 ITR 451 · 2013 · High Court
1,465
citing judgments

When purchases are unproved or presumed to be from the grey market, the entire amount of such purchases should not be disallowed; instead, income can be estimated by applying a reasonable gross profit rate to the unaccounted sales or turnover, especially in assessments arising from search proceedings involving seized documents.

Rotork Controls India Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
314 ITR 62 · 2009 · Supreme Court
739
citing judgments

A provision for expenses, such as warranty, is a deductible liability for income tax purposes if it constitutes a present obligation arising from past events, and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation is possible.

Sanjay Oilcake Industries v. CIT
316 ITR 274 · 2009 · High Court
460
citing judgments

In cases of alleged bogus or unverifiable purchases, rather than disallowing the entire purchase value, a reasonable profit element or a proportionate percentage of the purchases should be added back to the assessee's income.

Kachwala Gems v. JCIT
288 ITR 10 · 2007 · Supreme Court
332
citing judgments

In a best judgment assessment, some guesswork is inherent, but the estimate must be fair and not arbitrary. Books of account can be rejected under Section 145(3) if the assessee fails to substantiate entries or prove the genuineness of transactions, leading to estimation of income.

CIT v. Devi Prasad Vishwanath Prasad
72 ITR 194 · 1969 · Supreme Court
272
citing judgments

If there is an unexplained cash credit, the Assessing Officer can treat it as the assessee's income, even when the income is finalized on an estimation basis, without proving its specific source. The onus then shifts to the assessee to prove that the income represented by the cash credit has already been taxed.

Commissioner of Sales Tax v. H.M. Esufali H.M. Abdulali
90 ITR 271 · 1973 · Supreme Court
232
citing judgments

The Supreme Court established principles for best judgment assessments, stating that some guesswork is inevitable but the assessment must be bona fide, rational, and free from bias or capriciousness. An appellate authority cannot substitute its judgment for that of the Assessing Officer unless the AO's assessment is shown to be biased, irrational, vindictive, or capricious, especially when the assessee fails to provide proper accounts or counter-evidence.

CIT v. Balchand Ajit Kumar
263 ITR 610 · 2003 · High Court
212
citing judgments

When making an addition for unaccounted receipts, on-money, or non-genuine purchases/sales, the addition should be restricted to the estimated profit element embedded in such transactions, rather than the entire gross amount, particularly when evidence of corresponding expenditure is incomplete. This estimation often involves applying a net profit rate.

Harigopal Singh v. CIT
258 ITR 85 · 2002 · High Court
203
citing judgments

Penalty under section 271(1)(c) cannot be levied when an addition to income is made on an estimated basis without concrete evidence of concealment or furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. The provisions of section 271(1)(c) are not attracted to cases where income is assessed on an estimate basis.

Judgments citing estimation of income

M/S. Nikshal Properties Pvt. Ltd, Vadodara vs. The DCIT, Circle-3(1)(1), Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 2240/AHD/2018[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad18 Oct 2024AY 2015-16

Bench: Smt.Annapurna Gupta & Shri T.R. Senthil Kumarassessment Year : 2015-16 M/S. Nikshal Properties Pvt. Ltd. The Dy. Commissioner Of 42-B, Triloknagar Society Vs Income-Tax Near Aruvedik Hospital Circle-3(1)(1) Outside Pani Gate, Ahmedabad Vadodara – 390 019 Pan: Aadcn 3151 F अपीलाथ"/ (Appellant) अपीलाथ" "" यथ" "" यथ"/ (Respondent) अपीलाथ" अपीलाथ" "" "" यथ" यथ" Assessee By : Shri Paras F. Jain,Ar Revenue By : Shri Ashok Kumar Suthar, Sr.Dr सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 16/10/2024 घोषणा क" तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 18/10/2024 आदेश/O R D E R आदेश आदेश आदेश Per Annapurna Guptathis Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of Learned Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals)-9, Ahmedabad [Hereinafter Referred To As “Ld. Cit(A)” For Short] Dated 25/09/2018 Passed For Assessment Year (Ay) 2015-16. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: “1 The Ld. Cit(Appeals) Has Erred In Law & Facts In Upholding The Order Of The A.O. Assessing Income At Rs. 1,25,45,835/- As Against Nil Returned Income Declared By The Assessee After Set Off Of Brought Forward Business Loss Of Rs. 76,75,095/- 2. He Has Erred In Upholding The Estimation Of Commission @ 2% On Total Deposits In The Bank As Against 0.5% Agreed By The Assessee Without Properly Appreciating The Facts & Estimation Of Income At 0.5% In Similar Other Cases. He Has Erred In Law & Facts In Not Properly Appreciating & Accepting The Written Submission Furnished By The Assessee During Course Of Assessment Proceedings. M/S.Nikshal Properties Pvt.Ltd. Vs. Dcit Ay 2015-16 2

For Appellant: Shri Paras F. Jain,ARFor Respondent: Shri Ashok Kumar Suthar, Sr.DR
Section 234A

estimation of commission @ 2% on total deposits in the bank as against 0.5% agreed by the assessee without properly appreciating the facts and estimation of income at 0.5% in similar other cases. He has erred in law and facts in not properly appreciating and accepting the written submission furnished ... assessment order has observed that the appellant is engaged in the business of providing accommodation entries and he accordingly estimated the Income @2% of the total receipt and commission. The appellant before the A.O itself has agreed for addition of commission @0.5%. Appellant during the appellate proceedings has not made

Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Nagapattinam vs. Rajendran Manikandan, Vadakudi, Annavasal

The appeal stand partly allowed

ITA 1130/CHNY/2024[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai09 Oct 2024AY 2017-18

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.1130/Chny/2024 (िनधा*रणवष* / Assessment Year: 2017-18) Ito Shri Rajendran Manikandan बनाम Ward -1, 2/105 West Street, Nagapattinam. Vadakudi, Annavasal, Arangakudi, / Vs. Nagapattinam - 609 302. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Tan/Gir No.Cxxpm-5154-P (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Ms. R. Anita ( Addl.Cit) -Ld. Sr. Dr " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri S. Sridhar (Advocate) – Ld.Ar सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 26-09-2024 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 09-10-2024 आदेश / O R D E R

For Appellant: Ms. R. Anita ( Addl.CIT) -Ld. Sr. DRFor Respondent: Shri S. Sridhar (Advocate) – Ld.AR
Section 144Section 69A

evident that the assessment has been framed on best judgment basis. 2. The Ld. AR advanced arguments and pleaded for reasonable estimation of income. The same has been opposed by Ld. Sr. DR. Having heard rival submissions and upon perusal of case records, our adjudication would be as under ... Apparently, the assessee has not maintained any books of accounts. Considering the same and with a view to end litigation, we estimate the income of the assessee @8% on cash deposits of Rs.1,33,79.100/-. The same comes to Rs.10,70,328/-, Adding the same to Rs.1

Gng Exports, Kolkata vs. ACIT, Cir. 33, Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 475/KOL/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Oct 2024AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Sanjay Garg & Shri Rakesh Mishrai.T.A. No.475/Kol/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 Gng Exports……..……………….………...........………………....Appellant 202, Lords, 7/1, Lord Sinha Road, Rabindra Sadan, Kolkata – 700071. [Pan: Aacfg59994P] Vs. Acit, Circle-33, Kolkata.……………….…............................…..…..... Respondent Appearances By: Shri Ramesh Kumar Patodia, Advocate, Appeared On Behalf Of The Assessee. Shri Vineet Kumar, Addl. Cit- Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Revenue. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : July 09, 2024 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : October 08, 2024 आदेश / Order संजय गग", "या"यक सद"य "वारा / Per Sanjay Garg: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 11.01.2024 Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’). 2. The Assessee In This Appeal Is Aggrieved By The Action Of The Ld. Cit(A) In Directing The Assessing Officer To Estimate The Net Profit Of The Assessee @ 0.77% Of The Total Turnover.

Section 133(6)Section 250

I.T.A. No.475/Kol/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 GNG Exports issued u/s 133(6) of the Act to some of the sundry creditors and subsequent estimation of income of the assessee @ 2% of the contracted work/turnover, was not tenable. He, however, accepted the alternate contention of the assessee, as was submitted before ... account of non-compliance/unservice of notices issued u/s 133(6) of the Act to some of the sundry creditors and subsequent estimation of income of the appellant @ 2% of the contract work is not tenable’, he was not justified in estimating the profits @ 0.77% of the total turnover