DAMANDEEP KAUR,MOHALI vs. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (CENTRAL CIRCLE-2), CHANDIGARH, CHANDIGARH

In the result, all appeals of the assessee are allowed

Bench: SHRI. LALIET KUMAR (Judicial Member), SHRI. KRINWANT SAHAY (Accountant Member)

House No. 2368., Phase X, Mohali Central Circle-2, Chandigarh Punjab-160055 "ायी लेखा सं./PAN NO: ALCPK6320J अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""थ"/Respondent िनधा"रती की ओर से/Assessee by : Shri Rohit Kapoor, Advocate & Shri Virsain Aggarwal, ITP राज" की ओर से/ Revenue by : Shri Manav Bansal, CIT, DR सुनवाई की तारीख/Date of Hearing : 04/11/2025 & 15/12/2025 उदघोषणा की तारीख/Date

DAMANDEEP KAUR,MOHALI vs. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (CENTRAL CIRCLE-2), CHANDIGARH, CHANDIGARH

In the result, all appeals of the assessee are allowed

House No. 2368., Phase X, Mohali | | Central Circle-2, Chandigarh |\n| Punjab-160055 | | |\n| स्थायी लेखा सं./PAN NO: ALCPK6320J | | |\n| अपीलार्थी/ Appellant | प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent |\n\n| निर्धारिती की ओर से/Assessee by : | Shri Rohit Kapoor, Advocate &\n| | Shri Virsain Aggarwal, ITP |\n| राजस्व की ओर से / Revenue by : | Shri Manav Bansal, CIT, DR |\n\n| सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date

DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, , LUDHIANA vs. AFI AGRO PVT. LTD., KHANNA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL CIRCLE-1, LUDHIANA vs. AFI AGRO PVT. LTD., KHANNA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL CIRCLE-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA vs. M/S AFI AGRO PVT. LTD., KHANNA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL CIRCLE-1 , LUDHIANA vs. AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES, KHANNA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AFI AGRO PRIVATE LIMITED,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, , LUDHIANA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

DY. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, , LUDHIANA vs. M/S AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES, KHANNA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL CIRCLE-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA vs. AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES, KHANNA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, , LUDHIANA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AFI AGRO PRIVATE LIMITED,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AMAN FEED INDUSTRIES,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, , LUDHIANA

In the result, appeals of the assessee for A

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1252, 1253,1254,1255/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19,2019-20 M/S Aman Feed Industries, The Dcit, E-2, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 116,181,457/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs M/S Aman Feed Industries, Central Circle-1, E-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aacfa3624L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms, Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

AFI AGRO PRIVATE LIMITED,KHANNA vs. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CC-1, LUDHIANA, LUDHIANA

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee are allowed and all the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 1256, 1257,1258/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 Afi Agro Private Limited, The Dcit, A-1, Focal Point, Vs Central Circle-1, Khanna. Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ Ita Nos. 179,180,373/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / A.Y.: 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20 The Dcit, Vs Afi Agro Private Limited, Central Circle-1, A-1, Focal Point, Ludhiana. Khanna. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aaeca6479L अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent Assessee By : Shri Ashwani Kumar, Shri Kulbhushan Goyal & Ms. Deepali Aggarwal, Cas Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.10.2025 Physical Hearing O R D E R Per Raj Pal Yadav, Vp

Housing and Kerala High Court did not concur with the view taken by rest of the High Courts in the country. The dispute ultimately travelled to the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of PCIT Vs Ab Abhisar Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. reported in 149 taxman.com 399 wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has concurred with the view taken

INCOME TAX OFFICER, CHANDIGARH vs. CHARANDEEP SINGH, CHANDIGARH

Accordingly, the C.O. is dismissed as not pressed

Section 292B of the Act.\n\n3. Whether the NFAC has erred in law by setting aside the\nfindings of the AO and deleting the addition of Rs.\n1,87,50,000/- made u/s 69 of the Income Tax Act, 1961\nas the same remained unexplained during the\nassessment proceedings in that there are no evidences or\nfindings that