“Section 49(2)”
The decision most relied on for Section 49(2) is CIT v. Manjula J. Shah (355 ITR 474), cited in 113 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 49(2)
For capital assets acquired by gift or will, the indexed cost of acquisition under Section 48 is computed with reference to the year the previous owner first held the asset. The period of holding for determining if an asset is long-term also includes the previous owner's holding period, as per Section 2(42A).
The core legal principle established in Sreelekh Banerjee v. CIT (1963) 49 ITR 112 (SC) relates to the burden of proof for explaining cash credits under the Income Tax Act.
Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 cannot be initiated based on a mere change of opinion or reappraisal of existing facts, but require new or fresh tangible material or information indicating escapement of income.
A statute prescribing a procedure using negative language (e.g., 'in no other manner') imposes absolute requirements, and failure to comply will invalidate the entire proceeding.
Payments for the use of copyrighted articles, including computer software, constitute royalty income under Section 9(1)(vi) of the Income Tax Act, and are therefore subject to withholding tax under Section 195.
The principle of res judicata or estoppel does not apply to income tax proceedings. Each assessment year's assessment is final only for that specific year and does not bind or govern assessments for subsequent years.
An Assessing Officer can make additions to income even if books of account have not been rejected, and filing a VAT return is not conclusive proof of sales. Decisions cited in support of this proposition include Zaveri Diamond Vs CIT.
The second proviso to Section 34(3) of the Income-tax Act, 1922 is unconstitutional for violating Article 14, as it allowed reassessment notices to be issued to "any person" without limit. The limitation period for issuing a reassessment notice is determined by the law prevailing on the date of issuance, including the retrospective effect of the 1948 amendment for assessing foreign income under Section 4(2).