State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.

70 ITR 730Supreme Court of India1968#2745 most cited

What is State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. authority for?

The essential condition for carrying on business, trade, or commerce is the making of a profit. Business is defined as repeated activity in the nature of trade, commerce, or service with a profit motive, distinguishing it from liberal arts, professions, or agriculture.

43

judgments rely on this decision, according to BharatTax’s citation analysis of 366,005 Indian tax judgments — from 2014 to 2023.

Also referred to as

State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. · business definition · trade definition · commerce definition · profit motive · repeated activity · mercantile activity · section 4(3) · section 205 · section 36(1)(v) · section 10(23c)(iv) · section 2(15) · section 40a(3)

Also reported as

2 SCR 536

Issues it is cited on

section 4(3)section 205section 36(1)(v)section 10(23c)(iv)advancement of general public utilitysection 52proviso to section 2(15)mliput to usesection 10(23c)section 2(15)section 40a(3)

Judgments citing State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.

M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle- 1(1)(2), Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1116/BANG/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle- 1(1)(2), Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1115/BANG/2019[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle - 1(1)(2), Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1114/BANG/2019[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle - 1(1)(2), Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1113/BANG/2019[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle - 1(1)(2), Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1112/BANG/2019[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

Additional Commissioner of Income Tax, Special Range - 1, Bangalore vs. M/S. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited, Bangalore

In the result, all the appeals of the assessee as well as revenue’s appeal are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1048/BANG/2019[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore06 Apr 2023AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri N.V. Vasudevan & Shri Chandra Poojariassessment Year: 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Srihari Kutsa, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Sankar Ganesh K., D.R
Section 2Section 3

…se of Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. CIT reported in 101 ITR 234 (SC) 2.17 The other word used is trade. The meaning of the word trade has been explained by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. reported in 70 ITR 730 (SC) ITA Nos.1048 & 1112 to 1116/Bang/2019 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Bangalore Page 8 of 60 2.18 Thus the ld. A.R. submitted that it is clear from the above, that the word business indicates the motive behind the carrying on of an activity to make profits. It is pertinent to point out at this point that the assessee in the present…

Varanasi Development Authority, Varanasee vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Lucknow

In the result appeal filed by assessee in ITA no

ITA 267/ALLD/2017[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Varanasi06 Jul 2022AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Ramit Kochar

For Appellant: ShriAshishBansal, AdvocateFor Respondent: ShriSunil Bajpai, CIT- D.R
Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 143(3)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [GannonDunkerley& Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions which will constitute a "business"." 9.8 In the…

Varanasi Development Authority, Varanasee vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Lucknow

In the result appeal filed by assessee in ITA no

ITA 266/ALLD/2017[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Varanasi06 Jul 2022AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Ramit Kochar

For Appellant: ShriAshishBansal, AdvocateFor Respondent: ShriSunil Bajpai, CIT- D.R
Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 143(3)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [GannonDunkerley& Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions which will constitute a "business"." 9.8 In the…

M/S. Varanasi Development Authority, Varanasi vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Varanasi

In the result appeal filed by assessee in ITA no

ITA 265/ALLD/2017[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Varanasi06 Jul 2022AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Ramit Kochar

For Appellant: ShriAshishBansal, AdvocateFor Respondent: ShriSunil Bajpai, CIT- D.R
Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 143(3)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [GannonDunkerley& Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions which will constitute a "business"." 9.8 In the…

M/S. Varanasi Development Authority, Varanasi vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Varanasi

In the result appeal filed by assessee in ITA no

ITA 264/ALLD/2017[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Varanasi06 Jul 2022AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Ramit Kochar

For Appellant: ShriAshishBansal, AdvocateFor Respondent: ShriSunil Bajpai, CIT- D.R
Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 143(3)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [GannonDunkerley& Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions which will constitute a "business"." 9.8 In the…

M/S. Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Mangaluru vs. The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemptions), Circle -1, Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 948/BANG/2019[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

M/S. Udupi Nirmithi Kedra, Udupi vs. The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemptions), Circle - 1, Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 947/BANG/2019[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Mangaluru vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, (Exemptions), Circle-1, Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 2089/BANG/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Mangaluru vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(1), Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 2088/BANG/2018[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Mangaluru vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(1), Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 2087/BANG/2018[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Mangaluru vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(1), Mangaluru

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 2086/BANG/2018[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

M/S. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, (Exemptions) Circle-1, Mangalore

In the result, all appeals filed by the assessees in all the assessees’ appeals are dismissed except for assessment year

ITA 1962/BANG/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Bangalore16 Jun 2022AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Chandra Poojari & Shri George George K.Assessment Year: 2013-14

For Appellant: Shri Tata Krishna, A.RFor Respondent: Smt. Priyadarshini Basaganni, D.R
Section 11Section 143(2)Section 2Section 2(15)

…In Black's Law Dictionary, trade means a business which a person has learnt or he carries on for procuring subsistence or profit; occupation or employment, etc. The word "trade" was elucidated in the case of State of Punjab vs. Bajaj Electricals Ltd., [1968] 2 SCR 536, as under: ITA No.947&948 /Bang/2019, ITA 1962/Bang/2018 & ITA Nos.2086 to 2089/Bang/2018 M/s. Udupi Nirmithi Kendra, Udupi & Dakshina Kannada Nirmithi Kendra, Manguluru Page 57 of 176 "3. The expression "trade" is not defined in the Act. “Trade” in its primary meaning is the exchanging of goods for goods or goods for money; in its secondary mean…

M/S U.P Awas Evam Vikas Parishad, Lucknow vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Lucknow

In the result, the appeals of the assessee are partly allowed whereas the Cross Objections of the Revenue are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 701/LKW/2019[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Lucknow10 Jun 2022AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri A. D. Jain & Shri T. S. Kapoor

Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 13(8)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If Page 58 of 86 (UP AWAS EVAM VIKAS PARISHAD) the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [Gannon Dunkerley & Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions…

M/S U.P Awas Evam Vikas Parishad, Lucknow vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Lucknow

In the result, the appeals of the assessee are partly allowed whereas the Cross Objections of the Revenue are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 166/LKW/2019[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Lucknow10 Jun 2022AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri A. D. Jain & Shri T. S. Kapoor

Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 13(8)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If Page 58 of 86 (UP AWAS EVAM VIKAS PARISHAD) the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [Gannon Dunkerley & Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions…

M/S U.P Awas Evam Vikas Parishad, Lucknow vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption), Lucknow

In the result, the appeals of the assessee are partly allowed whereas the Cross Objections of the Revenue are partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 165/LKW/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Lucknow10 Jun 2022AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri A. D. Jain & Shri T. S. Kapoor

Section 11Section 12Section 12ASection 13(8)Section 2(15)

…y meaning it is repeated activity in the nature of carried business on with a profit motive, the activity being manual or mercantile as distinguished from the liberal arts or learned professions or agriculture [State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd.,(1968) 70 ITR 730, 732 (Sc)]. If a person buys goods with a view to selling them at profit, it is an ordinary case of 'trade'. If Page 58 of 86 (UP AWAS EVAM VIKAS PARISHAD) the transactions are on a large scale, it is called 'commerce, [Gannon Dunkerley & Co. v. State of Madras, (1954) 5 STC 216,244 (Mad)],and it is the continuous repetition of such transactions…

State of Punjab v. Bajaj Electricals Ltd. (70 ITR 730) — Cited in 43 Judgments | BharatTax