BharatTax.net
SearchITATHigh CourtsSupreme CourtPhrasesAI ResearchHistory

Filters

BharatTax.net

Free search engine for ITAT (Income Tax Appellate Tribunal) judgments across all 28 benches in India.

Quick Links

  • Search Judgments
  • Browse by Bench
  • Recent Judgments

About

BharatTax provides free access to Income Tax Appellate Tribunal orders for legal research and reference.

© 2026 BharatTax.net. All rights reserved.

2,312 results for “house property”+ Section 1(5)clear

Sorted by relevance

Mumbai2,746Delhi2,312Bangalore819Chennai527Jaipur517Hyderabad437Ahmedabad352Pune313Chandigarh268Kolkata266Indore201Cochin185Surat119Rajkot110Visakhapatnam100Raipur99Nagpur92Amritsar89SC81Lucknow79Patna69Agra57Jodhpur41Cuttack39Guwahati35Allahabad18Dehradun18Jabalpur12Varanasi12Ranchi8Panaji7A.K. SIKRI ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN4ANIL R. DAVE SHIVA KIRTI SINGH1ARIJIT PASAYAT C.K. THAKKER1D.K. JAIN JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR1T.S. THAKUR ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN1H.L. DATTU S.A. BOBDE1

Key Topics

Addition to Income61Section 5440Section 143(3)35Deduction30Disallowance28Section 26327Section 153A24House Property24Double Taxation/DTAA24

J S EXIM PVT LTD,CHENNAI vs. DCIT CIRCLE-13(1), NEW DELHI

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 854/DEL/2020[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi04 Oct 2023AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Chandra Mohan Garg & Shri Pradip Kumar Kedia

For Appellant: Mr. Amol Sinha, AdvFor Respondent: Mr. Waseem Arshad, CIT (DR)
Section 143(3)Section 68

house property and income from other sources’. For the Assessment Year 2013-14 in question, the assessee-company filed return of income declaring total income at Rs.4,94,44,640/-. The case was selected for scrutiny assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act. As per paragraph 2 of the assessment order, the assessee has admittedly attended in the assessment

DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD.,GURUGRAM vs. DCIT, CIRCLE-1(1), GURUGRAM

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

Showing 1–20 of 2,312 · Page 1 of 116

...
Section 143(2)22
Section 43B22
Section 115B21
ITA 4865/DEL/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD.,GURUGRAM vs. DCIT, CIRCLE-1(1), GURUGRAM

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 4864/DEL/2019[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

ACIT, CIRCLE-1(1), GURUGRAM vs. DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD., GURUGRAM

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 1451/DEL/2018[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD.,GURUGRAM vs. DCIT, CIRCLE-1, GURUGRAM

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 1399/DEL/2018[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD.,GURUGRAM vs. DCIT, CIRCLE-1(1), GURUGRAM

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 7407/DEL/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

DLF CYBER CITY DEVELOPERS LTD.,GURGAON vs. ADDL. CIT, GURGAON

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 3692/DEL/2017[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Nov 2023AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri C. N. Prasad & Shri M. Balaganeshacit, Vs. Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Circle-1(1), Gurugram Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H Dlf Cyber City Developers Ltd, Vs. Addl. Cit, 3Rd Floor, B-Wing, Shopping Mall Range-I, Complex, Arjun Marg, Dkf City, Gurgaon Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan: Aaccd3572H

For Appellant: Shri R. S. Singhvi, CAFor Respondent: Shri. T. James Singson, CIT DR
Section 24Section 32(1)Section 801ASection 801A(4)

house property' in these years. 16. Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 801A, held that the scope of section 801A (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

ACIT, NEW DELHI vs. SH. VALMIK THAPAR, NEW DELHI

Appeals are disposed of by this common order as indicated above

ITA 6726/DEL/2014[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi11 Jun 2021AY 2010-11

Bench: Hon’Ble Justice P.P. Bhatt & Shri Prashant Maharishi(Through Video Conferencing) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Acit, 19, Kautilya Marg, Circle-53(1), New Delhi New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Dcit, M/S. R. N. Khanna & Company, Ca, Circle-32(1), 14-15F, Shivam House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Acit, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate Along With Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue By: Shri H. K. Choudhary, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last Hearing) Date Of Pronouncement 11/06/2021. O R D E R Per Prashant Maharishi, A. M. 1. These Are Three Appeals For Two Assessment Years Pertaining To One Assessee, Mr. Valmik Thapar, A Resident, Individual [Assessee]. Assessee Filed Ita Number

For Appellant: Shri Salil AgarwalFor Respondent: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR
Section 143Section 147Section 54Section 54E

House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) ACIT, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee by : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate along with Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue by: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR Date of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last hearing

SHRI VALMIK THAPAR,NEW DELHI vs. DCIT, NEW DELHI

Appeals are disposed of by this common order as indicated above

ITA 6346/DEL/2014[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi11 Jun 2021AY 2010-11

Bench: Hon’Ble Justice P.P. Bhatt & Shri Prashant Maharishi(Through Video Conferencing) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Acit, 19, Kautilya Marg, Circle-53(1), New Delhi New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Dcit, M/S. R. N. Khanna & Company, Ca, Circle-32(1), 14-15F, Shivam House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Acit, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate Along With Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue By: Shri H. K. Choudhary, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last Hearing) Date Of Pronouncement 11/06/2021. O R D E R Per Prashant Maharishi, A. M. 1. These Are Three Appeals For Two Assessment Years Pertaining To One Assessee, Mr. Valmik Thapar, A Resident, Individual [Assessee]. Assessee Filed Ita Number

For Appellant: Shri Salil AgarwalFor Respondent: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR
Section 143Section 147Section 54Section 54E

House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) ACIT, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee by : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate along with Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue by: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR Date of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last hearing

SH. VALMIK THAPAR,NEW DELHI vs. ACIT, NEW DELHI

Appeals are disposed of by this common order as indicated above

ITA 5767/DEL/2015[2007-08]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi11 Jun 2021AY 2007-08

Bench: Hon’Ble Justice P.P. Bhatt & Shri Prashant Maharishi(Through Video Conferencing) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Acit, 19, Kautilya Marg, Circle-53(1), New Delhi New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Shri Valmik Thapar, Vs. Dcit, M/S. R. N. Khanna & Company, Ca, Circle-32(1), 14-15F, Shivam House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Acit, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi Pan: Aacpt7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate Along With Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue By: Shri H. K. Choudhary, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last Hearing) Date Of Pronouncement 11/06/2021. O R D E R Per Prashant Maharishi, A. M. 1. These Are Three Appeals For Two Assessment Years Pertaining To One Assessee, Mr. Valmik Thapar, A Resident, Individual [Assessee]. Assessee Filed Ita Number

For Appellant: Shri Salil AgarwalFor Respondent: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR
Section 143Section 147Section 54Section 54E

House, Connaught New Delhi Place, New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) ACIT, Vs. Shri Valmik Thapar, Circle-53(1), 19, Kautilya Marg, New Delhi New Delhi PAN: AACPT7098K (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee by : Shri Salil Agarwal, Senior Advocate along with Shri Shailesh Gupta, Shri Mahur Agarwal, Advocates Revenue by: Shri H. K. Choudhary, CIT DR Date of Hearing 11/06/2021 (Last hearing

PAVEL GARG,NEW DELHI vs. ACIT, CIRCLE- 63(1), NEW DELHI

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purpose

ITA 3606/DEL/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi15 Feb 2022AY 2013-14

Bench: Sh. Amit Shukladr. B. R. R. Kumarita No. 3606/Del/2018 : Asstt. Year : 2013-14 Pavel Garg, Vs Acit, Dtj-120, 1St Floor, Jasola Tower-B, Circle-63(1), Jasola, New Delhi-110025 New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aalpg2923R Assessee By : Sh. S.B. Gupta, Ca Revenue By : Sh. Hemant Gupta, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 23.11.2021 Date Of Pronouncement: 15.02.2022

For Appellant: Sh. S.B. Gupta, CAFor Respondent: Sh. Hemant Gupta, Sr. DR
Section 23Section 23(1)(b)Section 23(1)(c)Section 23(3)(a)Section 23(4)(b)

5 Pavel Garg used in section 23(1) including section 23(1)(c) does not include such deemed let property. It is further to be noted that there has never been any dispute to the proposition that sub- section (1) of section 23 deems ALV as income from house

ARYA SMAJ MODEL TOWN,DELHI vs. PCIT, CENTRAL -3, NEW DELHI

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 4805/DEL/2024[-]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi04 Jun 2025
For Appellant: Shri Amit Goel, CAFor Respondent: Shri Jitender Singh, CIT DR
Section 12(1)Section 127Section 12ASection 13(1)(c)

housing the college, hostel and to\nprovide other facilities to the students who are studying in the College.\nThe College is recognized by the Medical Council of India, State of\nKarnataka and all other statutory authorities. Therefore, it cannot be\nsaid that the Trust is not genuine. Admittedly, the students are being\nadmitted every year. Students are studying

COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX DELHI CENTRAL III vs. MONI KUMAR SUBBA

ITA - 499 / 2008HC Delhi30 Mar 2011
Section 143(1)

house property and concerns determination of the annual letting value of such property. That provision talks of "the sum for which the property might reasonably be expected to let from year to year." This contemplates the possible rent that the property might fetch and not certainly the interest in fixed deposit that may be placed by the tenant with

YOSHIO KUBO vs. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

The appeals are disposed of accordingly

ITA - 441 / 2003HC Delhi31 Jul 2013

1) (c) and Section 40A are, in the context of the expressions "any expenditure which results… in the provision of any benefit or amenity or perquisite" read with "whether convertible into money or not.” have received a liberal interpretation. In Mafatlal Gangabai (supra) it was held that: “6. On a consideration of both the points of view, we are inclined

YOSHIO KUBO vs. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

The appeals are disposed of accordingly

ITA/441/2003HC Delhi31 Jul 2013

1) (c) and Section 40A are, in the context of the expressions "any expenditure which results… in the provision of any benefit or amenity or perquisite" read with "whether convertible into money or not.” have received a liberal interpretation. In Mafatlal Gangabai (supra) it was held that: “6. On a consideration of both the points of view, we are inclined

EBRO INDIA PVT.LTD. ,DELHI vs. ACIT CIRCLE-7(1), DELHI

In the result, the ground no 4 raised by the assessee is allowed

ITA 1291/DEL/2022[2018-19]Status: HeardITAT Delhi09 Sept 2024AY 2018-19

Bench: SHRI S.RIFAUR RAHMAN (Accountant Member), SHRI YOGESH KUMAR U.S. (Accountant Member)

For Appellant: Shri Rohit Jain, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Rajesh Kumar, CIT DR
Section 143(3)Section 144BSection 144CSection 68

Housing Ltd. Vs. National E Assessment Center Delhi ; 441 ITR 285(del)  Devanshu Infin Ltd. Vs. National E Assessment Center Delhi ;284 Taxman 36  Ramprastha Buildwell (P.) Ltd. Vs. National E Assessment Center, Delhi; 283 Taxman 235 13  KRS Home Developers (P.) Ltd. Vs. National Faceless Assessment Centre ;283 Taxman 413  Umkal Healthcare (P.) Ltd. Vs. National Faceless Assessment Centre

ACIT CIRCLE-7(1), NEW DELHI vs. DLF ASSETS PVT. LTD.,, NEW DELHI

Accordingly, the order of the ld. CIT (A) is confirmed and the Revenue’s appeal for AY 2013-14 is dismissed

ITA 8526/DEL/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi05 May 2022AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Dr. B.R.R. Kumar

For Appellant: Shri Satyajeet Goel, CAFor Respondent: Ms. Yagya Saini Kakkar, CIT DR
Section 143(3)Section 80I

house property’ in these years. 16. Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 80IA, held that the scope of section 80IA (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

ACIT CIRCLE-7(1), NEW DELHI vs. DLF ASSETS PVT. LTD.,, NEW DELHI

Accordingly, the order of the ld. CIT (A) is confirmed and the Revenue’s appeal for AY 2013-14 is dismissed

ITA 8525/DEL/2019[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi05 May 2022AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Dr. B.R.R. Kumar

For Appellant: Shri Satyajeet Goel, CAFor Respondent: Ms. Yagya Saini Kakkar, CIT DR
Section 143(3)Section 80I

house property’ in these years. 16. Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 80IA, held that the scope of section 80IA (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

ACIT CIRCLE-7(1), NEW DELHI vs. DLF ASSETS PVT. LTD.,, NEW DELHI

Accordingly, the order of the ld. CIT (A) is confirmed and the Revenue’s appeal for AY 2013-14 is dismissed

ITA 8524/DEL/2019[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi05 May 2022AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Dr. B.R.R. Kumar

For Appellant: Shri Satyajeet Goel, CAFor Respondent: Ms. Yagya Saini Kakkar, CIT DR
Section 143(3)Section 80I

house property’ in these years. 16. Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of CIT-I vs. Reliance Energy Ltd. reported in (2022) 441 ITR 346 in the context of section 80IA, held that the scope of section 80IA (5) is limited to determine the quantum of deduction under sub-section (1

KAMLESH KHANNA,NEW DELHI vs. ACIT, CIRCLE-40(1), NEW DELHI

In the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No

ITA 7841/DEL/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi24 Jul 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Anubhav Sharma & Shri Amitabh Shukla

For Appellant: Sh. Salil Kapoor, Adv &For Respondent: Ms. Harpreet Kaur Hansra, Sr. DR
Section 143(1)Section 143(3)Section 54

5 - 1 6 ] Accordingly, sub section (1) of section 54 of the Act has been amended to provide that the rollover relied under the said section is available if the investment is made in one residential house. 7. The Assessing Officer further observed that the assessee has merely submitted that the assessee has discarded/weeded out all documents. Therefore, the Assessing