DCIT CIRCLE 2(1), TRICHY vs. THE KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD., KARUR

Bench: Shri V. Durga Rao, Hon’Ble & Shri Manjunatha. G, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 677 & 678/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Deputy Commissioner Of Central Office, V. Income Tax, Erode Road, Circle -2(1), Karur – 639 002. Trichy. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) आयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1343 & 1321/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 Deputy Commissioner Of M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Income Tax, V. Central Office, Circle -2(1), Erode Road, Trichy. Karur – 639 002. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri. Anandhan, Ca & Smt. Lalitha, Ca Revenue By : Shri. Nilay Baran Som, Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 13.03.2024 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 09.04.2024 आदेश /O R D E R

2,46,14,514 4 Disallowance of ex-gratia 26,05,79,311 5 Disallowance u/s. 36(1)(viii) 30,00,00,000 6 Bad debts [Ground not taken 7,29,184 before CIT(A) and hence, ground is not taken before ITAT] 7 Disallowance u/s. 14A 79,95,384 8 Disallowance of depreciation on 7,56,91,597 ATMs

KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD.,KARUR vs. DCIT CIRCLE 2(1), TRICHY

Bench: Shri V. Durga Rao, Hon’Ble & Shri Manjunatha. G, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 677 & 678/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Deputy Commissioner Of Central Office, V. Income Tax, Erode Road, Circle -2(1), Karur – 639 002. Trichy. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) आयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1343 & 1321/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 Deputy Commissioner Of M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Income Tax, V. Central Office, Circle -2(1), Erode Road, Trichy. Karur – 639 002. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri. Anandhan, Ca & Smt. Lalitha, Ca Revenue By : Shri. Nilay Baran Som, Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 13.03.2024 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 09.04.2024 आदेश /O R D E R

2,46,14,514 4 Disallowance of ex-gratia 26,05,79,311 5 Disallowance u/s. 36(1)(viii) 30,00,00,000 6 Bad debts [Ground not taken 7,29,184 before CIT(A) and hence, ground is not taken before ITAT] 7 Disallowance u/s. 14A 79,95,384 8 Disallowance of depreciation on 7,56,91,597 ATMs

KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD.,KARUR vs. DCIT CIRCLE 2(1), TRICHY

Bench: Shri V. Durga Rao, Hon’Ble & Shri Manjunatha. G, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 677 & 678/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Deputy Commissioner Of Central Office, V. Income Tax, Erode Road, Circle -2(1), Karur – 639 002. Trichy. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) आयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1343 & 1321/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 Deputy Commissioner Of M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Income Tax, V. Central Office, Circle -2(1), Erode Road, Trichy. Karur – 639 002. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri. Anandhan, Ca & Smt. Lalitha, Ca Revenue By : Shri. Nilay Baran Som, Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 13.03.2024 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 09.04.2024 आदेश /O R D E R

2,46,14,514 4 Disallowance of ex-gratia 26,05,79,311 5 Disallowance u/s. 36(1)(viii) 30,00,00,000 6 Bad debts [Ground not taken 7,29,184 before CIT(A) and hence, ground is not taken before ITAT] 7 Disallowance u/s. 14A 79,95,384 8 Disallowance of depreciation on 7,56,91,597 ATMs

DCIT CIRCLE 2(1), TRICHY vs. THE KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD., KARUR

Bench: Shri V. Durga Rao, Hon’Ble & Shri Manjunatha. G, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 677 & 678/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Deputy Commissioner Of Central Office, V. Income Tax, Erode Road, Circle -2(1), Karur – 639 002. Trichy. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) आयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1343 & 1321/Chny/2019 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 Deputy Commissioner Of M/S. Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Income Tax, V. Central Office, Circle -2(1), Erode Road, Trichy. Karur – 639 002. [Pan: Aaact-3373-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri. Anandhan, Ca & Smt. Lalitha, Ca Revenue By : Shri. Nilay Baran Som, Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 13.03.2024 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 09.04.2024 आदेश /O R D E R

2,46,14,514 4 Disallowance of ex-gratia 26,05,79,311 5 Disallowance u/s. 36(1)(viii) 30,00,00,000 6 Bad debts [Ground not taken 7,29,184 before CIT(A) and hence, ground is not taken before ITAT] 7 Disallowance u/s. 14A 79,95,384 8 Disallowance of depreciation on 7,56,91,597 ATMs

M/S. KARUR VYSYA BANK,,KARUR vs. DCIT, CIRCLE - 2 (1),, TRICHY

2) Act, 1977 and was different in its express wordings from the\ncorresponding Section 31 of the Indian Income tax Act, 1922. He\nsubmitted that the decisions relied on by the Id. Counsel for the\nassessee were rendered without considering the Explanation to\nSection 251 of the Act. The Id. DR relied on the following case\nlaws:-\n1) Shapoorji Pallonji

M/S. ASHOK LEYLAND LTD.,CHENNAI vs. DCIT, NCC-8(1), LTU-II, CHENNAI

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey & Shri Amitabh Shukla

2)(iii) accordingly. This ground is therefore partly allowed. This ground is therefore partly allowed. 4. Ground No. 3 is against the disallowance of deduction claimed in Ground No. 3 is against the disallowance of deduction claimed in Ground No. 3 is against the disallowance of deduction claimed in respect of wealth tax of Rs.11,63,372/ of Rs.11

PARRY INFRASTRUCTURE CO P LTD. ,CHENNAI vs. DCIT CORPORATE CIRCLE 5(1) , CHENNAI

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is partly-allowed

Bench: Shri Mahavir Singhand Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal

disallowance; 2) The assessment is framed and the Section 251(1)(a) Assessing Officer makes certain additions or disallowances and in making

K1104 ELAYAMUTHUR PROMARY AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SOCIETY,TIRUPPUR vs. ITO, WARD 2(4), TIRUPPUR

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for both the

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi, Hon’Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1040 & 1041/Chny/2024 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2016-17 & 2017-18 K 1104 Elayamuthur Primary Income Tax Officer, Agricultural Co-Operative Credit V. Ward -2(4), Society, Tirupur. Elayamuthur, Udumalpet, Tirupur – 642 154. [Pan: Aabak-3636-Q] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ"क"ओरसे/Appellant By : Shri. S. Sridhar, Advocate ""यथ"क"ओरसे/Respondent By : Shri. R.V. Aroonprasaad, Addl.Cit सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 23.07.2024 घोषणाकीतारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 18.09.2024

disallowed the same. CIT (Appeals) has confirmed before the Tribunal. 5. Placing reliance on the decision of Himachal Pradesh High Court in COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Vs. KANGRA CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD., reported in {(2009) 309 ITR 106 (HP)}, before the Tribunal, the respondent/assessee has reiterated deduction under Section 80 P (2) (a) (i) of the Income Tax Act, whereas

K1104 ELAAMUTHUR PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SCOIETY,TIRUPPUR vs. ITO, WARD 2(4), TIRUPPUR

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for both the

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi, Hon’Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon’Bleआयकरअपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 1040 & 1041/Chny/2024 िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Years: 2016-17 & 2017-18 K 1104 Elayamuthur Primary Income Tax Officer, Agricultural Co-Operative Credit V. Ward -2(4), Society, Tirupur. Elayamuthur, Udumalpet, Tirupur – 642 154. [Pan: Aabak-3636-Q] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ"क"ओरसे/Appellant By : Shri. S. Sridhar, Advocate ""यथ"क"ओरसे/Respondent By : Shri. R.V. Aroonprasaad, Addl.Cit सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 23.07.2024 घोषणाकीतारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 18.09.2024

disallowed the same. CIT (Appeals) has confirmed before the Tribunal. 5. Placing reliance on the decision of Himachal Pradesh High Court in COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Vs. KANGRA CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD., reported in {(2009) 309 ITR 106 (HP)}, before the Tribunal, the respondent/assessee has reiterated deduction under Section 80 P (2) (a) (i) of the Income Tax Act, whereas

INCOME TAX OFFICER, WANAPARTHY BLOCK vs. TAMILNADU SPECIAL POLICE EMPLOYEES COOPERATIVE, TSP CAMP

In the result the appeal of the revenue is dismissed

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri S.R. Raghunathaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.:363/Chny/2025 िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: 2020-21 Income Tax Officer, Tamilnadu Special Police Non-Corporate Ward -7(3), Vs. Employees Cooperative, Chennai – 600 034. Avadi, Chennai – 600 054. [Pan:Aafat-0366-E] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से/Appellant By : Ms. Sita Krishnamoorthy, J.C.I.T. ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri. G. Reddi Prakash, C.A. सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 12.06.2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 15.07.2025 आदेश /O R D E R Per S. R. Raghunatha, Am: This Appeal By The Revenue Is Filed Against The Order Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi, For The Assessment Year 2020-21, Dated 11.10.2024. 2. At The Outset, We Find That There Is A Delay Of 34 Days In Appeal Filed By The Revenue, For Which Petition For Condonation Of Delay Along With Reasons For Delay Has Been Filed. After Considering The Petition Filed By The Revenue & Also Hearing Both The Parties, We Find That There Is A Reasonable Cause For The Revenue In Not Filing Appeal On Or Before The Due Date Prescribed Under The Law & Thus

Section 80P(2)(a)(i) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 with respect to the interest received from Class B members who were involved in non-agricultural society?". While answering to the above, the Division Bench held that the respondent therein, which is a Co-operative society, is entitled to avail the benefit under 80P(2

SOUTHERN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION LTD.,CHENNAI vs. ITO, CHENNAI

Appeal stands dismissed

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Mahavir Singh, Vp & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.84/Chny/2023 (िनधा)रण वष) / Assessment Year: 2008-09) M/S. Southern Petrochemical Income Tax Officer बनाम Industries Corporation Limited Corporate Ward-3(1) 88, Spic House, Mount Road, Guindy, Chennai-600 034. / Vs. Chennai-600 032. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aaacs-4668-K (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri R. Vijayaraghavan & Shri Saroj Kumar Parida (Advocates)-Ld. Ars " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri Nilay Baran Som (Cit) & Shri Ar V Sreenivasan (Addl. Cit)-Ld. Drs सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 16-10-2023 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 10-01-2024 आदेश / O R D E R

section 115 JB (Para .6.1 at Page 50). As is evident, the additions / disallowance which forms the subject matter of this appeal are i.e., (i) Disallowance u/s 14A; (ii) Disallowance of proportionate interest expenditure; (iii) Disallowance of Bad debts written-off; (iv) Disallowance of 50% expenditure towards R&D facility: (v) Disallowance of Electricity Tax u/s 43B as well

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-1, CUDDALORE, CUDDALORE vs. KALLAKURICHI II CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR MILLS LTD., KACHIRAPALAYAM

In the result, the appeals filed by the Revenue are\ndismissed

251 ITR 194, CIT Vs.\n:-7-:\nITA Nos.2401 to 2405/Chny/2025\nRamanathapuram District Co-operative Central Bank Ltd reported\nin [2002] 255 ITR 423 (SC), a Division Bench of the Himachal\nPradesh High Court, at paragraph Nos.10 and 11 held thus:-\n“The Karnataka High Court in CIT Vs. Sri Ram Sahakari Bank\nLtd., [2004] 266 ITR 632, held that

DCIT CORPORATE CIRCLE 1 (2), CHENNAI vs. M/S CAPLIN POINT LABORATORIES LTD, CHENNAI

In the result, the appeal filed by the Revenue is allowed for statistical purposes

Bench: Shri V. Durga Rao & Shri Manjunatha, G.आयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No.1716/Chny/2019 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2013-14 The Deputy Commissioner Of Vs. M/S. Caplin Point Laboratories Ltd., Income Tax, No. 3, Narbavi, Lakshmanan Street, Corporate Circle 1(2), T. Nagar, Chennai 600 017. Chennai 600 034. [Pan:Aabcc2667F] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : Shri P. Sajit Kumar, Jcit ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri R. Vijayaraghavan, Advocate सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 17.07.2023 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 26.07.2023 आदेश /O R D E R Per V. Durga Rao: This Appeal Filed By The Revenue Is Directed Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) 1, Chennai, Dated 07.03.2019 Relevant To The Assessment Year 2013-14. 2. The Appeal Filed By The Revenue Is Delayed By Two Days In Filing The Appeal, For Which, The Revenue Has Filed An Affidavit For Condonation Of The Delay, To Which; The Ld. Counsel For The Assessee Has Not Raised Any Serious Objection. Consequently, Since The Revenue Was Prevented By 2

disallowance of provision for gratuity to the file of the Assessing Officer for verification and allow the grounds, which is in contravention of section 251(1)(a) of the Act. The ld. CIT(A) should have called remand report under Rule 46A of the Income Tax Rules and decided the issues on merits. Under the above facts and 4 I.T.A

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-1, CUDDALORE , CUDDALORE vs. KALLAKURICHI II CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR MILLS LTD., KACHIRAPALAYAM

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri Jagadish

251 ITR 194, CIT Vs. ITA Nos.2401 to 2405/Chny/2025 :- 8 -: Ramanathapuram District Co-operative Central Bank Ltd reported in [2002] 255 ITR 423 (SC), a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court, at paragraph Nos.10 and 11 held thus:- “The Karnataka High Court in CIT Vs. Sri Ram Sahakari Bank Ltd., [2004] 266 ITR 632, held that the interest

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-1, CUDDALORE, CUDDALORE vs. KALLAKURICHI-II CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR MILLS LTD., KACHIRAPALAYAM

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri Jagadish

251 ITR 194, CIT Vs. ITA Nos.2401 to 2405/Chny/2025 :- 8 -: Ramanathapuram District Co-operative Central Bank Ltd reported in [2002] 255 ITR 423 (SC), a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court, at paragraph Nos.10 and 11 held thus:- “The Karnataka High Court in CIT Vs. Sri Ram Sahakari Bank Ltd., [2004] 266 ITR 632, held that the interest

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-1, CUDDALORE , CUDDALORE vs. KALLAKURICHI II CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR MILLS LTD., KACHIRAPALAYAM

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri Jagadish

251 ITR 194, CIT Vs. ITA Nos.2401 to 2405/Chny/2025 :- 8 -: Ramanathapuram District Co-operative Central Bank Ltd reported in [2002] 255 ITR 423 (SC), a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court, at paragraph Nos.10 and 11 held thus:- “The Karnataka High Court in CIT Vs. Sri Ram Sahakari Bank Ltd., [2004] 266 ITR 632, held that the interest

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CIRCLE-1, CUDDALORE , CUDDALORE vs. KALLAKURICHI II CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR MILLS LTD., KACHIRAPALAYAM

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri Jagadish

251 ITR 194, CIT Vs. ITA Nos.2401 to 2405/Chny/2025 :- 8 -: Ramanathapuram District Co-operative Central Bank Ltd reported in [2002] 255 ITR 423 (SC), a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court, at paragraph Nos.10 and 11 held thus:- “The Karnataka High Court in CIT Vs. Sri Ram Sahakari Bank Ltd., [2004] 266 ITR 632, held that the interest

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CORPORATE CIRCLE 1(1), NUNGAMBAKKAM vs. IDFC LIMITED, TEYNAMPET

In the result, both the appeals filed by the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi & Shri S.R. Raghunathaआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. Nos.818 & 819/Chny/2024 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2016-17 The Assistant Commissioner Of Vs. Idfc Limited, 4Th Floor, Capitale Tower, No. 555, Income Tax, Corporate Circle 1(1), Anna Salai, Thiru Vi Ka Kudiyiruppu, Chennai 600 034. Teynampet, Chennai 600 018. [Pan:Aaaci2663N] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : Shri V. Nandakumar, Cit ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Ketan Ved, C.A. सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 29.08.2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 04.09.2024 आदेश /O R D E R Per S.S. Viswanethra Ravi: Both The Appeals Filed By The Revenue Are Directed Against Separate Orders Dated Both Dated 21.09.2022 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre [Nfac], Delhi For The Assessment Year 2016-17. 2. Since The Issue Raised In Both The Appeals Are Similar Based On The Same Identical Facts, With The Consent Of The Both The Parties, We Proceed To Hear All These Appeals Together & Pass Consolidated Order For The Sake Of Convenience.

Section 14A of the Act with respect to interest cost is called for on such investments subject to verification of the details (regarding own funds and investment in exempt income yielding funds) furnished by the appellant during the appellate proceedings. 4.1.5 Now coming to the second issue regarding computation of administrative expenditure in accordance with Rule 8D(2

ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CORPORATE CIRCLE 1(1), NUNGAMBAKKAM vs. IDFC LIMITED, TEYNAMPET

In the result, both the appeals filed by the Revenue are dismissed

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi & Shri S.R. Raghunathaआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. Nos.818 & 819/Chny/2024 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2016-17 The Assistant Commissioner Of Vs. Idfc Limited, 4Th Floor, Capitale Tower, No. 555, Income Tax, Corporate Circle 1(1), Anna Salai, Thiru Vi Ka Kudiyiruppu, Chennai 600 034. Teynampet, Chennai 600 018. [Pan:Aaaci2663N] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : Shri V. Nandakumar, Cit ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Ketan Ved, C.A. सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 29.08.2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 04.09.2024 आदेश /O R D E R Per S.S. Viswanethra Ravi: Both The Appeals Filed By The Revenue Are Directed Against Separate Orders Dated Both Dated 21.09.2022 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre [Nfac], Delhi For The Assessment Year 2016-17. 2. Since The Issue Raised In Both The Appeals Are Similar Based On The Same Identical Facts, With The Consent Of The Both The Parties, We Proceed To Hear All These Appeals Together & Pass Consolidated Order For The Sake Of Convenience.

Section 14A of the Act with respect to interest cost is called for on such investments subject to verification of the details (regarding own funds and investment in exempt income yielding funds) furnished by the appellant during the appellate proceedings. 4.1.5 Now coming to the second issue regarding computation of administrative expenditure in accordance with Rule 8D(2