“capital loss carry forward”
The decision most relied on for capital loss carry forward is CIT v. Shri Plot Swetamber Murti Pujak Jain Mandal (211 ITR 293), cited in 204 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on capital loss carry forward
A charitable trust can carry forward its excess expenditure from previous years and adjust it against the income of subsequent years, which qualifies as an application of income under Section 11. Additionally, voluntary contributions received for a specific purpose are treated as corpus funds and are not taxable.
The terms 'income' or 'profits and gains' are inclusive of losses, signifying that losses are 'minus income' to be factored into the computation of taxable income. Therefore, set-off and carry forward provisions for losses apply exclusively to taxable income or gains and cannot be pressed into service against non-taxable gains, such as those exempt under a DTAA or other specific provisions.
The eligibility for an assessee to carry forward and set off losses, including capital losses, against future income is determined by the Assessing Officer in the year the set-off is claimed, not in the year the loss was incurred.
Long-term capital loss on the sale of shares can be set off and carried forward under sections 70 and 71, as section 10(38) only exempts long-term capital gains and does not encompass capital losses.
Where an assessee claims treaty benefits under Article 13(4) of the India-Mauritius DTAA, exempting capital gains from Indian taxation, brought forward short-term and long-term capital losses cannot be set off against such exempt gains, nor can they be carried forward to subsequent years.
Capital losses can be carried forward to subsequent assessment years. The decision emphasizes that if a business conducted outside British India resulted in a loss, it could not be set off against profits from a business within British India, based on the interpretation of Section 5 of the Business Profits Tax Act, 1947.
Capital loss arising from the sale of shares can be carried forward to subsequent years. The accounting treatment of shares as a capital asset in the books of account confirms that their sale generates capital profit or loss.
Where an assessee claims exemption for capital gains under a DTAA, capital losses are also exempt and can be segregated from capital gains for the purpose of claiming benefits under the DTAA or the Act, whichever is more beneficial. Assessees are justified in carrying forward brought forward losses when claiming DTAA exemptions on capital gains.