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“commercial expediency”

Business ExpensesSection 37Section 371,685 judgments

The decision most relied on for commercial expediency is S.A. Builders Ltd. v. CIT (288 ITR 1), cited in 1,484 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on commercial expediency

S.A. Builders Ltd. v. CIT
288 ITR 1 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,484
citing judgments

Interest paid on borrowed funds cannot be disallowed merely because the assessee made interest-free advances, provided those advances were made for business purposes and commercial expediency. The Revenue cannot dictate a businessman's commercial decisions, but the assessee bears the onus to prove the business expediency.

Empire Jute Co. Ltd. v. CIT
124 ITR 1 · 1980 · Supreme Court
622
citing judgments

Expenditure is classified as revenue or capital based on its practical business effect, necessity, or expediency, rather than solely on the juristic classification of rights; an enduring benefit does not automatically make an expenditure capital if it facilitates trading operations or business efficiency.

CIT v. Reliance Industries Ltd.
410 ITR 466 · 2019 · Supreme Court
501
citing judgments

When mixed funds are available, interest-free advances are presumed to be made from the assessee's own interest-free funds, preventing disallowance of interest expenditure under section 36(1)(iii). This principle also applies to section 14A disallowance, where interest expenditure is not disallowed if surplus funds are available and no direct nexus is established with borrowed funds for investments earning exempt income.

CIT v. Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd.
254 ITR 377 · 2002 · High Court
417
citing judgments

When there is a nexus between an expenditure and the purpose of business, incurred on grounds of commercial expediency, the Revenue cannot question its reasonableness or assume the role of the businessman to compel profit maximization. This principle applies even if the business is not that of the assessee itself.

Hero Cycles Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
379 ITR 347 · 2015 · Supreme Court
361
citing judgments

The Revenue cannot substitute its judgment for that of a businessman regarding the necessity or reasonableness of an expenditure. If an expense is incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes, it is deductible, and the Revenue cannot question its commercial expediency.

CIT v. Abhishek Industries Ltd.
286 ITR 1 · 2006 · High Court
359
citing judgments

For interest on borrowed capital to be deductible under Section 36(1)(iii), there must be a nexus between the use of the borrowed funds and the purpose of the business. This decision has been overruled by the Supreme Court in Munjal Sales Corporation v. CIT (2008).

Eastern Investments Ltd. v. CIT
38 ITR 601 · 1960 · Supreme Court
346
citing judgments

Expenditure must be commercially expedient for carrying on the business, and it is not for revenue authorities to dictate how an assessee should conduct its business. The court will not question the business expediency of a transaction, even if a third party also benefits.

Sassoon J. David & Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
118 ITR 261 · 1979 · Supreme Court
323
citing judgments

An expense incurred by an assessee for its own business, such as advertising, marketing, and promotional (AMP) expenses, cannot be disallowed merely because it incidentally or indirectly benefits the assessee's sister concerns or associated enterprises.

Judgments citing commercial expediency

Techpark Hotels Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon vs. Addi. CIT Special Range-9, New Delhi

In the result, the appeal filed by the Assessee is allowed

ITA 9450/DEL/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi20 Mar 2026AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri S. Rifaur Rahman & Shri Vimal Kumartechpark Hotels Pvt. Ltd., Addl. Cit, Ground Floor, Central Wing, Special Range-9, Thapar House 124, Janpath, Vs. New Delhi. New Delhi-110001. Pan-Aabce5833H (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Neeraj Jain, Adv. & Shri Tavish Verma, Adv. Ms. Harpreet Kaur Hansra Sr. Dr Department By Date Of Hearing 20.01.2026 Date Of Pronouncement 20.03.2026 O R D E R Per Vimal Kumar, Jm: The Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Against Order Dated 11.09.2019 Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), New Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Ld. Cit(A)’] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’] Arising Out Of Assessment Order Dated 30.12.2017 Of The Ld. Assessing Officer U/S 143(3) Of The Act For Assessment Year 2015-16. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Filed Return Declaring Loss Of Rs.23,06,28,106/- On 30.11.2015. Notice U/S 143(2) Dated 22.09.2016 Was Issued. Notices U/S 142(1) Were Issued. Sh. Nikhil Agarwal & Shri Nirmal Malpani, Ca Appeared & Filed Details. On Completion Of Proceedings, Ld. Ao Vide Order Dated Techpark Hotels Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Acit

Section 142(1)Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 154Section 234DSection 250Section 56(2)Section 56(2)(viib)

that Income Tax Department cannot sit in the armchair of businessman to decide what is profitable and how the business should be carried out. Commercial expediency has to be seen from the point of view of businessman. Here in this case if the investment has made keeping assessee

Shri Brahmanath Credit Souhard Sahakari Sangh Niyamit, Nippani vs. ITO 1 Nippani, Nippani

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 66/PAN/2026[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Panaji10 Mar 2026AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Pavan Kumar Gadalei T A. Nos.66/Pan/2026 (A.Y. 2013-14 ) Shri Brahmanath Credit Vs I.T.O-Ward-1, Souhard Sahakari Sangh Nemchand Building, . Niyamat, 747,Ashoknagar, 185/C, Chikodi Road, Nippani-591237, Nippani, Karnataka. Belagavi-591237, Karnataka. Pan .No. Aaaas1063Q (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) Assessee By Shri.U.G.Ammangi.Ar Revenue By Smt.Rijula Uniyal.Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing 09.03.2026 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 10.03.2026 Order Per Pavan Kumar Gadale, Jm: The Appeal Is Filed By The Assesse Against The Order Of Nfac/Cit(A) U/Sec 250 Of The Act. The Assessee Has Raised The Grounds Of Appeal Challenging The Order Of The Cit(A) Sustaining The Denial Of Deduction Of Interest Income From Cooperative Society, Cooperative Banks & Nationalized Banks U/Sec80P(2)(D) Of The Act. 2. The Brief Facts Of The Case Are That, The Assessee Is A Cooperative Credit Society & Is Engaged In Activities Of Providing Credit Facilities To Its Members. The Assessee Has Filed The Return Of Income For The A.Y 2013-14 On 2 Ita. No..66/Pan/2026 Shri Brahmanath Credit Souhard Sahakari Sangh Niyamit. 30.09.2013 Disclosing A Total Income Of Rs.Nil After Claiming Deduction Of Rs.78,06,780/- U/Sec 80P(2)(A)(I) Of The Act. Subsequently The Case Was Selected For Scrutiny Under Cass & Order U/Sec143(3) Of The Act Was Passed Disallowing The Claim U/Sec80P(2)(A)(I) Of The Act Of Rs.78,06,780/- & Disallowance U/Sec40(A)(Ia) Of The Act Of Rs.76,274/- & Assessed The Total Income Of Rs.78,83,054/- Vide Order Dated21.07.2021.Aggrived By The Order, On Appeal To The Cit(A), The Appeal Was Partly Allowed & The Assessee Has Preferred Second Appeal Before The Honble Tribunal & Vide By Order

Section 80PSection 80P(2)(a)Section 80P(2)(d)

amounts are invested in Co-operative Credit societies, Co-operative Banks and Scheduled Banks. Investments in scheduled banks are made on account of commercial expediency of quick liquidity whenever the need arises. Whereas the provisions of section 80P(2) (a) (i) of the Act are dealt in cases were

Mumbai International Airport Limited, Mumbai vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle 2(2)(1), Mumbai

The appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes, whereas the appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 6692/MUM/2025[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai09 Mar 2026AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Saktijit Dey & Shri Makarand V Mahadeokara.Y:2014-15 Mumbai International Vs. Dcit, Circle – 2(2)(1) Airport Ltd., Aayakar Bhavan, Mk Road 1St Floor, Terminal-1B, New Marine Lines, Mumbai – Chhatrpati Shivaji 400020. International Airport, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400099. Pan/Gir No. Aaecm6285C (Applicant) (Respondent) A.Y:2014-15 Dcit, Circle – 2(2)(1) Vs. Mumbai International Aayakar Bhavan, Mk Road Airport Ltd., New Marine Lines, Mumbai – 1St Floor, Terminal-1B, 400020. Chhatrpati Shivaji International Airport, Santacruz (E), Mumbai – 400099. Pan/Gir No. Aaecm6285C (Applicant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Saurabha Soparkar Virtually Appeared Revenue By Shri Annavaram Kosuri, Sr. Ar Date Of Hearing 25.02.2026 Date Of Pronouncement 09.03.2026 आदेश / Order Per Makarand V Mahadeokar, Am: These Cross Appeals Are Directed Against The Order Passed By The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) Under Section 250 Of The Mumbai International Airport Ltd., Mumbai Income-Tax Act, 1961 Dated 05.08.2025 In The Case Of The Assessee For Assessment Year 2014–15. The Assessment In The Present Case Was Originally Completed By The Assessing Officer Under Section 143(3) Of The Act Vide Order Dated 30.12.2017. Since The Issues Involved In The Appeals Of The Revenue As Well As The Assessee Arise Out Of The Same Appellate Order Of The Ld. Cit(A), These Appeals Were Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By Way Of This Common Order For The Sake Of Convenience & Brevity.

Section 143(3)Section 14ASection 250Section 28Section 32(1)(ii)Section 35D

payment has been made by the appellant to AAI and not to its own employees. The payment has-been made out of commercial expediency and under contractual obligation. The appellant has not floated any voluntary retirement scheme of its own, but the payment has been Mumbai International Airport Ltd., Mumbai

Shri K.P. Magennavar Laxmi Credit Souharda Sahakari Sangh Ltd.Manjari., Chikodi vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Nippani

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 33/PAN/2026[2015-2016]Status: DisposedITAT Panaji27 Feb 2026AY 2015-2016

Bench: Shri Pavan Kumar Gadalei T A. No.33/Pan/2026 (A.Y. 2015-16 ) Shri K.P.Magennavar Laxmi Vs I.T.O-Ward-1, Credit Souharda Sahakari Nemchand Building, . Sangh Limited, 747,Ashoknagar, 521,Laxmibuilding,Mainroad, Nipani-591237, Manjari, Chikodi, Karnataka. Belagavi-591213, Karnataka. Pan .No. Aabas3175N (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) Assessee By Shri.Jaykumar Patil.Ar Revenue By Smt.Thamba Mahendra.Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing 25.02.2026 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 27.02.2026 Order Per Pavan Kumar Gadale, Jm: The Assessee Has Filed The Appeal Against The Order Of Addl/Jcit(A)-7 Mumbai Passed U/Se 143(3) & U/Sec250 Of The Act. The Assessee Has Raised The Grounds Of Appeal Challenging The Order Of The Cit(A) Sustaining The Denial Of Claim Of Deduction U/Sec80P(2)(A)(I) Of The Ac & Without Prejudice Alternate Relief U/Sec80P(2)(D) Of The Act On Interest Income From Cooperative Banks & Scheduled Banks. 2. The Brief Facts Of The Case Are That, The Assessee Souhard Credit Cooperative Society Is Engaged In Providing

Section 80P(2)(a)Section 80P(2)(d)

amounts are invested in Co-operative Credit societies, Co-operative Banks and Scheduled Banks. Investments in scheduled banks are made on account of commercial expediency of quick liquidity whenever the need arises. Whereas the provisions of section 80P(2) (a) (i) of the Act are dealt in cases were

Seven Energies Odisha Limited, Hyderabad vs. ACIT Circle 3(1), Hyd, Hyderabad

ITA 1518/HYD/2025[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad20 Feb 2026AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Manjunatha G. & Shri Ravish Soodआ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1518/Hyd/2025 (िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2016-17) Seven Energies Odisha Vs. Acit, Limited, Circle-3(1), Hyderabad. Hyderabad. Pan: Aatcs5759E (Appellant) (Respondent) िनधा""रती "ारा/Assessee By: Shri Sashank Dundu, Advocate राज" व "ारा/Revenue By: Ms. Aditi Goyal, Sr.Ar सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing: 05/02/2026 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of 20/02/2026 Pronouncement: आदेश / Order Per. Ravish Sood, J.M: The Present Appeal Filed By The Assessee Company Is Directed Against The Order Passed By The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi, Dated 07/02/2025, Which In Turn Arises From The Order Passed By The Assessing Officer (For Short, “Ao”) Under Section 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (For Short, “The Act”), Dated 18/12/2018 For The Assessment Year (Ay) 2016-17. The Assessee

For Appellant: Shri Sashank DunduFor Respondent: Ms. Aditi Goyal, Sr.AR
Section 143(3)Section 69

learned CIT(Appeals)/NFAC erred in disregarding material submissions, bank statements, audited financials, and documentary evidence filed during the assessment proceeding. which elucidate the commercial expediency and business context (works contract activity with temporary working capital investments). 2. The learned CIT (Appeals)/NFAC ought to have appreciated that the Appellant