“Section 160(1)”
The decision most relied on for Section 160(1) is CIT v. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (284 ITR 582), cited in 73 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 160(1)
Funds received by an entity acting as a nodal agency or agent of the government for implementing specific government schemes, or income generated from such funds (like lease premiums or interest), are not taxable in the hands of the agency if held on behalf of or remitted to the government.
Where the shares of beneficiaries in a trust are determinate, trustees must be assessed separately for each beneficiary's share, treating each beneficiary as an individual. The income is then taxed at the marginal rate applicable to individuals, not at the maximum rate for an association of persons.
A penalty under Section 271(1)(c) for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars can be imposed if the assessee fails to demonstrate reasonable cause for non-compliance or where an intention to evade tax is proved.
An Assessing Officer can rectify a mistake apparent from the record under Section 154 if the assessee is erroneously taxed at individual rates when it should have been taxed as an AOP.
Reopening of assessment under Section 147 requires the Assessing Officer to have reason to believe that income has escaped assessment, which must be based on tangible material or information and not merely a change of opinion. Failure to disclose material facts by the assessee is also a ground for reassessment.