“Section 2(290)”
The decision most relied on for Section 2(290) is CIT v. Mukundray K. Shah (290 ITR 433), cited in 99 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 2(290)
For Section 2(22)(e) to apply, a payment by a company must be in the nature of a loan or advance, and the company must have accumulated profits. Such payments to a concern in which a shareholder, holding more than 10% voting power, has a substantial interest are deemed dividends if the shareholder ultimately benefits, even if routed through different modes or concerns.
Mark-to-Market (MTM) losses on forward contracts and forex derivatives are allowable as a revenue deduction under Section 37(1) where a binding obligation is created against the assessee. This is provided the assessee consistently follows the same accounting method for both profits and losses.
Reassessment beyond four years after an assessment under Section 143(3) is not permissible unless the Assessing Officer specifies the assessee's failure to disclose all material facts.
Construction of a residential house for claiming deduction under section 54F must be a real construction and not merely symbolic. The intention behind section 54F is to promote housing construction, not the destruction of existing residential buildings.