“Section 97(4)”
The decision most relied on for Section 97(4) is Addl. CIT v. Miss Lata Mangeshkar (97 ITR 696), cited in 145 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 97(4)
An addition to income cannot be made solely based on documents or material found from a third party's premises unless the Assessing Officer conducts an independent investigation, examines the third party, and establishes a clear link between the material and the assessee.
The elementary principle of natural justice requires that an assessee must have knowledge of all material intended to be used against them in assessment proceedings, along with a reasonable opportunity to meet or rebut such material, including the right to cross-examine witnesses.
The Supreme Court decision in CBDT v. Oberoi Hotels India (P.) Ltd. is not applicable to cases concerning the denial of approval under Section 80-O of the Act when services were provided to a non-resident, as the facts and context of that decision are different.
Disallowance of expenditure under Section 14A requires a proximate cause establishing the relationship between the expenditure and the exempt income. The expenditure must have a real, dominant, and immediate relationship with income not forming part of the total income.
The court examines a transaction involving the purchase and sale of UTI units with a short holding period, highlighting the cum-dividend purchase in relation to a booking closing date.