“Section 9(1)(vii)(c)”
The decision most relied on for Section 9(1)(vii)(c) is CIT v. Samsung Electronics Ltd. (345 ITR 494), cited in 461 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 9(1)(vii)(c)
Payments by Indian residents to non-resident foreign software suppliers for software are considered royalty, constituting income deemed to accrue in India under section 9(1)(v), thereby requiring tax deduction at source under section 195.
Payments for the use of copyrighted software, without the transfer of any rights in the underlying copyright itself, do not constitute 'royalty' under the Income-tax Act or tax treaties. Such payments are often treated as business income, taxable only if a permanent establishment exists.
Royalty involves a payment for the exclusive right to use something. Merely sharing information about a machine's design, even if tailored to a buyer's needs, does not constitute a transfer of an exclusive right to use, and therefore may not be considered royalty.
The proviso to section 209(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, inserted by the Finance Act, 2012, which clarified the liability of non-residents to pay advance tax, has prospective effect only. Consequently, non-residents are not liable to pay interest under section 234B for assessment years prior to AY 2012-13.
A High Court decision is binding on lower authorities. The issue of whether supply of drawings and designs, linked to plant and equipment sales, constitutes 'Business Profits' rather than 'Fees for Technical Services' under Section 9(1)(vii) and DTAA provisions should be considered in light of such precedent.
For technical services to be taxed under a tax treaty's "make available" clause, not only must the services be technical, but they must also result in the technology being made available to the recipient.
Payments received separately for drawings and documents related to electrical portions of a mill supply contract are considered fees for technical services when they are not linked to the supply contract.
Receipts of a non-resident for technical services are not taxable in India if the services are not utilized in India, even after retrospective amendments to Section 9. The condition of utilization of services in India remains a prerequisite for taxing such income.