“Section 71(1)”
The decision most relied on for Section 71(1) is Fakir Mohmed Haji Hasan v. CIT (247 ITR 290), cited in 136 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 71(1)
Income deemed under sections 68, 69, 69A, 69B, or 69C of the Income-tax Act is a distinct category, separate from regular heads of income under Section 14, and losses from other heads, including business losses, cannot be set off against such deemed income.
Investments made by a holding company in its subsidiary can be considered a business activity, allowing related business expenditures to be deducted and not disallowed.
Expenditure incurred towards the purchase of shares is a capital expenditure and therefore, interest expenditure incurred on such purchases is not eligible for deduction under Section 36(1)(iii) of the Income Tax Act.
Expenditure incurred by a holding company for making investments in a subsidiary can be treated as business expenditure and is not disallowable, as such investment activity can itself constitute a business.
An Assessing Officer (AO) is expected to conduct a detailed inquiry during assessment proceedings under Section 143(3) and should not accept the assessee's claims at face value. A failure to investigate glaring issues amounts to a lack of proper inquiry.
A return of income filed in response to a notice under Section 153A of the Income-tax Act is to be considered as a return filed under Section 139 of the Act for all other provisions, including the purpose of penalty under Section 271(1)(c).
A difference between the registered value of a property and the assessee's declared value, if within a 10% tolerance limit, does not warrant an addition to income. Decisions rely on this case to argue that minor valuation discrepancies should not lead to additions.
Expenditure incurred for the transfer of the use of licenses, without acquiring ownership rights or an enduring benefit, constitutes revenue expenditure. Such payments are allowable as a deduction if they are directly relatable to services in the revenue field.