“Section 155(18)”
The decision most relied on for Section 155(18) is Sesa Goa Ltd. v. JCIT (117 Taxmann.com 96), cited in 291 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 155(18)
Education cess paid on total income and dividend distribution tax are allowable deductions for income tax purposes.
Penalty for concealment of income cannot be imposed merely due to a difference of opinion between the taxpayer and the Assessing Officer; there must be an intention to evade tax liability.
Expenditure incurred voluntarily for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) purposes is not disallowed if Section 37(1) Explanation 2, which applies to statutory obligations, is not triggered. Additionally, Section 37 is prospective from AY 2015-16, making it inapplicable for AY 2013-14 disallowances.
The expression 'profits or gains of any business or profession' refers only to profits and gains determined under Section 29 of the Income-tax Act. Taxes levied upon profits calculated in a manner other than that provided by Section 29 cannot be disallowed under Section 40(a)(ii).
A penalty under section 271(1)(c) is not leviable merely because an addition to taxable income has been made. There must be a case made out for penalty, especially if there are two possible interpretations of the facts.
Penalty cannot be imposed if a claim is made based on a bona fide interpretation of the law, all material facts are disclosed, and the issue was debatable, especially when the law is amended retrospectively. The mere disallowance of a claim, even if it leads to the amendment of the law, does not automatically warrant a penalty.