“unexplained bullion”
The decision most relied on for unexplained bullion is J.S. Parkar v. V.B. Palekar (94 ITR 616), cited in 58 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on unexplained bullion
An assessee found to be the owner of bullion, etc., must explain its source. The Income Tax Officer must find the assessee to be the owner, not merely in possession.
If an Assessing Officer has not identified any unexplained credit, investment, money, bullion, jewellery, expenditure, or loan repayment, then a surrender made by an assessee during a search action cannot be taxed under section 115BBE, even if it relates to excess stock or cash found.
Demonetisation deposits, even if claimed as advances for gold bullion purchase, can be treated as unexplained cash credits under Section 68 if the assessee's conduct is deemed incomprehensible and abnormal, particularly when the deposits appear to be a means to convert ill-gotten money.