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Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, MUMBAI BENCHES “B”, MUMBAI
Before: Shri Joginder Singh, & Shri Rajesh Kumar
Per Joginder Singh (Judicial Member) Both these appeals are by the Revenue, aggrieved by the impugned orders dated 14/02/2014 of the ld. First Appellate Authority, Mumbai. The only ground raised in this appeal pertains to allowing bank guarantee commission and thus non-deduction of tax at source on such charges paid to Bank
2 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 u/s 194H of the Act and further deleting the addition u/s 201 (1)/201(1A) of the Act.
During hearing of these appeals, at the outset, the ld. counsel for the assessee, Shri Alok Bairagra claimed that the impugned issue is covered by the decision of the Tribunal in the case of Kotak Securities Ltd. vs DCIT (ITA No.6657/ Mum/2011) order dated 03/02/2012. This factual matrix was not controverted by the ld. DR, Shri Vijay Kumar Soni.
2.1. We have considered the rival submissions and perused the material available on record. If the observation made in the assessment order, leading to addition made to the total income, conclusion drawn in the impugned order, material available on record, assertions made by the ld. respective counsels, if kept in juxtaposition and analyzed, first, we are expected to look at section 194H, which is reproduced hereunder:-
Commission or brokerage 194H. Any person, not being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, who is responsible for paying, on or after the 1st day of June, 2001, to a resident, any income by way of commission (not being insurance commission referred to in section 194D) or brokerage, shall, at the time of credit of such income to the account of the payee or at the time of payment of such income in cash or by the issue of a cheque or draft or 3 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 by any other mode, whichever is earlier, deduct income-tax thereon at the rate of ten per cent :
Provided that no deduction shall be made under this section in a case where the amount of such income or, as the case may be, the aggregate of the amounts of such income credited or paid or likely to be credited or paid during the financial year to the account of, or to, the payee, does not exceed five thousand rupees :
Provided further that an individual or a Hindu undivided family, whose total sales, gross receipts or turnover from the business or profession carried on by him exceed the monetary limits specified under clause (a) or clause (b) of section 44AB during the financial year immediately preceding the financial year in which such commission or brokerage is credited or paid, shall be liable to deduct income-tax under this section:
Provided also that no deduction shall be made under this section on any commission or brokerage payable by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited or Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited to their public call office franchisees.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,— (i) “commission or brokerage” includes any payment received or receivable, directly or indirectly, by a person acting on behalf of another person for services rendered (not being professional services) or for any services in the course of buying or selling of goods or in relation to any transaction
4 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 relating to any asset, valuable article or thing, not being securities; (ii) the expression “professional services” means services rendered by a person in the course of carrying on a legal, medical, engineering or architectural profession or the profession of accountancy or technical consultancy or interior decoration or such other profession as is notified by the Board for the purposes of section 44AA; (iii) the expression “securities” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956) ; (iv) where any income is credited to any account, whether called “Suspense account” or by any other name, in the books of account of the person liable to pay such income, such crediting shall be deemed to be credit of such income to the account of the payee and the provisions of this section shall apply accordingly.
2.2. A plain reading of the above provision indicates that tax withholding requirements under section 194H apply in respect of ‘commission or brokerage’, which, in turn, is defined by Explanation to Section 194 H. No doubt, this definition is inclusive but the fundamental question that we really need to consider in the first place is as to what are the connotations of expression ‘commission or brokerage’ in common parlance,
5 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 and then proceed to deal with the inclusions thereto by the virtue of specific provision of law.
2.3. We find that the expression ‘commission’ and ‘brokerage’ have been used together in the statute. It is well settled, as noted by Maxwell in Interpretation of Statutes and while elaborating on the principle of noscitur a sociis, that when two or more words which are susceptible to analogous meaning are used together they are deemed to be used in their cognate sense. They take, as it were, their colours from each other, the meaning of more general being restricted to a sense analogous to that of less general. Explaining this principle in general terms, Hon’ble Shri M.K. Chaturvedi, the then Vice President (MZ) has, in Interpretation of Taxing Statutes (AIFTP Journal : Vol. 4, No. 7, July, 2002, at p. 7), in his inimitable words observed:
Law is not a brooding omnipotence in the sky. It is a pragmatic tool of the social order. The tenets of law being enacted on the basis of pragmatism. Similarly, the rules relating to interpretation are also based on common-sense approach. Suppose a man tells his wife to go out and buy bread, milk or anything else she needs, he will not normally be understood to include in the terms ‘anything else she needs’ a new car or an item of jewellery. The dictum of ejusdem generis refers to similar situation. It means of the same kind, class or nature. The rule is that when general words follow particular and specific words of the same nature, the general words must be confined to the things of same kind as specified. Noscitur a 6 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 sociis is a broader version of the maxim ejusdem generis. A man may be known by the company he keeps and a word may be interpreted with reference to be accompanying words. Words derive colour from the surrounding words.
2.4. Broom’s Legal Maxims (10th Edn.) observes that "It is a rule laid down by Lord Bacon, that copulatio verborum indicat acceptationem in eodem sensu the coupling of words together shows that they are to be understood in the same sense."
2.5. Let us now deal with legal connotations of these two expressions, namely ‘commission’ and ‘brokerage’. The Law Lexicon (Edited by Justice Y.V. Chandrachud; 1997 Edn.) observes that "in commercial law, commission is a compensation to a factor or other agent for services to be rendered in making a sale or otherwise; a sum allowed as compensation to a servant, factor or agent who manages the affairs of others, in recompense for his services." According to the given definition, "It is an allowance, recompense or reward made to agents, factors and brokers and others for effecting sales and carrying out business transactions. It is generally calculated as a certain percentage on the amount of the transactions on the profits to the principal." The expression ‘brokerage’ is defined as ‘fees or commission given to or charged by a broker’. In turn a broker is defined as "a middleman or agent who, for a commission on the value of transaction, negotiates for others the purchase or sale of 7 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 books, bonds or commodities, or property of any kind, or who attends to the doing of something for another.
2.6. In the light of the above discussions, and when we look at the connotations of expression ‘commission or brokerage’ in its cognate sense, as in the light of the principle of noscitur a sociis as we are obliged to, in our considered view, scope of expression ‘commission’, for this purpose, will be confined to ‘an allowance, recompense or reward made to agents, factors and brokers and others for effecting sales and carrying out business transactions’ and shall not extend to the payments, such as ‘bank guarantee commission’, which are in the nature of fees for services rendered or product offered by the recipient of such payments on principal to principal basis. Even when an expression is statutorily defined under section 2, it still has to meet the test of contextual relevance as section 2 itself starts with the words “In this Act ( i.e. Income Tax Act), unless context otherwise requires…”, and, therefore, contextual meaning assumes significance. Every definition in the Income Tax Act must depend on the context in which the expression in set out, and the context in which expression ‘commission’ appears in section 194 H, i.e. alongwith the expression ‘brokerage’, significantly restricts its connotations. The common parlance meaning of the expression ‘commission’ thus does not extend to a payment which is in the nature of fees for a product or service; it must remain restricted to , as has been elaborated above, a payment in the nature of reward for effecting sales or business transactions etc. The inclusive
8 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 definition of the expression ‘commission or brokerage’ in Explanation to Section 194 H is quite in harmony with this approach as it only provides that “any payment received or receivable, directly or indirectly, by a person acting on behalf of another person for services rendered (not being professional services) or for any services in the course of buying or selling of goods or in relation to any transaction relating to any asset, valuable article or thing, not being securities” is includible in the scope of meaning of ‘commission or brokerage’. Therefore, what the inclusive definition really contains is nothing but normal meaning of the expression ‘commission or brokerage’. In the case of South Gujarat Roofing Tiles Manufacturers Association Vs State of Gujarat [(1976) 4 SCC 601], Hon’ble Supreme Court were in seisin of a situation in which an expression, namely ‘processing’, was given an inclusive definition, but Their Lordships were of the view that “there could be no other meaning of ‘processing’ besides what is stated as included in that expression” and that “Though ‘include’ is generally used in interpretation clause as a word of enlargement, in some cases context might suggest a different intention’. Their Lordships then concluded that though the expression used in the definition clause is ‘includes’, “it seems to us that the word ‘includes’ has been used here in the same sense of ‘means’; this is the only construction that the word can bear in this context”. In other words, an inclusive definition, as Their Lordships noted, does not necessarily always extend the meaning of an expression. When inclusive definition contains ordinary normal connotations of an 9 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 expression, in our considered view, even an inclusive definition has to be treated as exhaustive. That is the situation in the case before us as well. Even as definition of expression ‘commission or brokerage’, in Explanation to Section 194 H, is stated to be exclusive, it does not really mean anything other than what has been specifically stated in the said definition. Therefore, as held by the coordinate benches in a number of cases including SRL Ranbaxy Ltd vs ACIT (ITA No. 434/Del/11; order dated 16.12.2011), Fosters India Ltd Vs ITO (117 TTJ 346), and Ajmer Zila Dugdh Utpadak Sangh Ltd Vs ITO (34 SOT 216), principal agent relationship is a sine qua non for invoking the provisions of Section 194 H. In the case before us, there is no principal agent relationship between the bank issuing the bank guarantee and the assessee. When bank issues the bank guarantee, on behalf of the assessee, all it does is to accept the commitment of making payment of a specified amount to, on demand, the beneficiary, and it is in consideration of this commitment, the bank charges a fees which is customarily termed as ‘bank guarantee commission’ . While it is termed as ‘guarantee commission’, it is not in the nature of ‘commission’ as it is understood in common business parlance and in the context of the section 194H. This transaction, in our considered view, is not a transaction between principal and agent so as to attract the tax deduction requirements under section 194H. We are, therefore, of the considered view that the CIT(A) indeed erred in holding that the assessee was indeed under an obligation to deduct tax at source under section 194 H from payments made by the 10 M/s Nimbus Communications Ltd. & 3157/Mum/2014 assessee to various banks. As we have held that the assessee was not required to deduct tax at source under section 194 H, the question of levy of interest under section 201(1A) cannot arise.
2.7. The scope and effect of section 194H (w.e.f. 01/06/2001), section 194H as also amendment of section 197 made by the Finance Act 2001 have been elaborated in departmental circular no.14 of 2001. Further, the scope and effect of the amendment made in opening portion of section 194H by the Finance Act, 2002 have been further elaborated in departmental circular no.8 of 2002 dated 27/08/2002.
In view of the above discussions, we quash the impugned demands under section 201(1) and 201(1A) r.w.s. 194H.
Finally, the appeals of the Revenue are dismissed.
This Order was pronounced in the open court in the presence of ld. representatives from both sides at the conclusion of the hearing on 29/10/2015.