The Commissioner of Income Tax vs. The NVR Co.operative Sugars Ltd

1-fa286-06c.doc vai IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION FIRST APPEAL NO.286 OF 2006 The New India Assurance Company Limited, Mata Building, Near Civil Hospital, Opposite Ambedkar Road, Sangli ...Appellant / (Ori.Opponent No.2) ….Versus…. 1. Abhijit Madhav Akhave, Age – 20yrs, Occupation – Education. 2. Davadutta Mahadev Akhave, Age – 14 yrs, Occupation – Education. 3. Smt. Leela Dattaraya Akhave, since deceased deleted having L.Rs. - Respondent Nos.1 and 2. All Residents of A-27, Reliance Housing Complex, At post Mohopada Taluka - Khanapur, District Raigad. 4. Mahadeo D. Dabade, Age – Major, Occupation – Business, Resident of Priya Complex, 3rd Floor, Room No.2, Opposite Shriram Talkies, Ulhasnagar. ...Respondents WITH FIRST APPEAL NO.549 OF 2006 1. Abhijit Madhav Akhave, Age – 22 yrs, Occupation – Service. 1/37 VASANT ANANDRAO IDHOL Digitally signed by VASANT ANANDRAO IDHOL Date: 2024.03.30 13:24:34 +0530

1-fa286-06c.doc 2. Devadutta Madhav Akhave, Age – 16 yrs, Occupation – Education. 3. Smt. Leela Dattaraya Akhave, since deceased deleted having L.Rs. - Appellant Nos.1 and 2. All Residing at A/27, Reliance Housing Complex, At & Post Mohopada-Taluka, Khanapur, District Raigad. ...Appellants ...(Original Applicants) ...Versus... 1. Mahadeo D. Dabade, Age – Major, Occupation – Business, Resident of Priya Complex, 3rd Floor, Room No.2, Opposite Shriram Talkies, Ulhasnagar. 2. The New India Assurance Company Limited, Mata Building, Near Civil Hospital, Opposite Ambedkar Road, Sangli. ...Respondents … (Ori.O.Ps.) Mr.Tejpal S. Ingale with Mr.Abhishek T. Ingle and Ms.Priyanka Babar for the Appellant in FA No.549 of 2006 and for the Respondent Nos. 1 to 3 in FA No.286 of 2006. Ms.Poonam Mittal for the Appellant in FA No.286 of 2006 and for Respondent No.2 in FA No.549 of 2006. CORAM : RAJESH S. PATIL, J.

DATE : 6TH & 7

TH NOVEMBER

, 2023.

ORAL JUDGMENT :- 1. First appeal No.286 of 2006 is filed under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 by the Insurance Company and First Appeal No. 549 of 2006 filed by original Claimants, both challenging the judgment and award dated 28 September 2005, 2/37

1-fa286-06c.doc passed in Claim Petition No.151 of 2003 by Member MACT, Sangli. FACTS 2. On 28 July 2002 at about 2.00 p.m., in the afternoon, on Sangli-Kolhapur Road near Akashwani Kendra, Sangli, one captain Shailendra Karandikar was driving Maruti Van Bearing Registration No. KA-23/M-466. His wife (Sonali), two months old son Sumedh, Vaijayanti Madhav Akhave (Maternal aunt of Sonali), Madhav Dattatraya Akhave (husband of Vaijayanti) and Devdutta Madhav Akhave minor son of Vaijayanti and Madhav Akhave, were travelling along with him. They were returning from Narsobawadi to Sangli. The Maruti Van was proceeding South to North direction. The owner of the Maruti Van was a family friend Mr. Sanjay Ganesh Patankar resident of Sangli. It is undisputed that captain Shailendra Karandikar was holding valid driving license on the date of the accident. 3. As Maruti Van driven by captain Shailendra Karandikar proceeded towards South to North Akashwani Kendra, truck bearing No. MH-05-1420 (for short “offending 3/37

1-fa286-06c.doc truck”) came from the opposite direction from North to South. There was collusion between offending truck and Maruti Van driven by captain Shailendra. As such, accident took place and in the said accident, captain Shailendra, his wife Sonali, son Sumedh, Madhav Akhave died on the spot and Vaijayanti (maternal aunt of Sonali) died in hospital. However, Devdutta Akhave, the son of Madhav Akhave and Vaijayanti Akhave survived. 4. Five claim Petitions were filed in total, arising out of said accident. The present proceedings is pertaining to the death claim of the deceased Madhav Dattaraya Akhave. Motor Accident Claim Petition No.151 of 2003 was filed by three Claimants (being, the two sons and mother of the deceased Madhav Akhave), in MACT Sangli claiming compensation amount of Rs.1,44,87,000/- with interest at the rate of 18% per annum from the date of filing of the Claim Petition from Respondents jointly and severally, i.e., Respondent No.1 being the owner of the offending truck and Respondent No.2 New India Assurance Company limited, who were insurer of the offending truck. 4/37

1-fa286-06c.doc 5. Respondent No.1 owner of the offending vehicle did not lead evidence neither file his written statement therefore, the matter proceeded ex-parte against the Respondent No.1 owner of the offending truck. 6. Respondent No.2, the Insurance Company filed their written statement, and denied the contentions of the claim Petition. 7. Original Claimant lead their evidence through Claimant No.1 Abhijit Madhav Akhave (son of the deceased) and one more witness namely Bala Bhagawan Parte, stepping in the witness box and leading evidence. The said witness was cross examined by the Advocate for Insurance Company. Respondent No.2 Insurance Company examined two witnesses i.e. Jalinder Anand Nagare and witness No.2 Mr.Ajay Paul being the Photographer who clicked photo of the accident site. Both the witnesses of the Insurance Company were examined by the Claimant’s Advocate. 8. Based on the Issues framed, the MACT answered the issues in the following manner : - 5/37

1-fa286-06c.doc “ 1) Whether the Petitioners prove that the father of Petitioner Nos. 1 and 2 and the son of Petitioner no.3 by name – Madhav Dattaraya Akhave died in a motor vehicle accident due to rash and negligent driving of the driver of the truck bearing no. MH-05/1420 owned by Respondent No.1 and Insured with Respondent No.2 at the time of accident i.e. on 27.07.2002? 2) Whether the Respondent No.2 proves that the driver of the said truck was not holding valid and effective driving license at the time of the accident? 3) Whether the respondent no. 2 proves that respondent no.1 has violated the material conditions in the Insurance Policy? 4) Whether the petitioners are entitled for any compensation amount? If yes, to what extent? And from whom? 5) What award and order ? My findings on the above issues are recorded the reasons given below : 1) In the affirmative 2) Redundant 3) Redundant 4) In the affirmative. Rs.37,48,500/- including the amount of no fault liability'. Respondent nos. 1, 2 jointly and severally. 5) As per final order below.” 9. The Member MACT, Sangli by his judgment and 6/37

1-fa286-06c.doc award dated 28 September 2005, partly allowed the Claim Petition. It thereby allowed the Claim Petition to the extent of Rs.37,48,500 /- including the amount of Rs.50,000/- as ‘No Fault Liability” with interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of filing of the claim Petition till its realization, jointly and severally to be paid by Respondent Nos. 1 and 2, to the Petitioner Nos. 1 to 3 equally. 10. Being aggrieved by the award dated 28 September 2005 the Insurance Company has filed the present First Appeal No.286 of 2006 on the following grounds :- a) That the learned Tribunal materially erred in law in awarding the compensation to Respondent

No.1

3 aggregating in to Rs. 37,48,500/- without any basis in law as the assessment was not backed by cogent evidence and was also a violation of the Law laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court and the Hon'ble High Courts; B) That the Tribunal made the Award against the Appellants for compensation in favour of Respondent No.l to 3 on consideration

other

than 7/37

1-fa286-06c.doc evidence admissible in law as well as on the considerations not tenable in law: c) The findings of the learned Judge on negligence are erroneous and the entire amount was wrongly mulcted on the Respondent

No.3

and Appellants. d) The learned Judge erred in overlooking the fact that the Respondents No.1 to 3 had claimed compensation for death of their father (MACP 151 / 2003) as well as mother (MACP 152/ 2003) and therefore grant of compensation in both cases considering all circumstances grant of compensation in this petition has resulted in unjust enrichment. e)The learned Judge ought to have followed the mandate of the

Apex

Court

that compensation

cannot

be bonanza, a source of profit or a windfall for the victim and it has to be only just. (2003 ACJ 1775 SC) f) That the Learned Tribunal materially erred in law in ignoring the rules of Pleadings as well as the evidence by which he was bound, more particularly with regard to the receiving of evidence by all judicial tribunals 8/37

1-fa286-06c.doc in India; g) Strictly without prejudice to the above, even if Dependency is calculated the same ought to be made by taking Rs.34,033/- as income which was mentioned in the pleadings that too with a 8 years multiplier. h)The learned Judge ought to have fixed multiplier of only 8 years since in recent decisions the Apex Court adopted multiplier of 10 for parents aged 48 and 47 (2004 TAC 3) and even for death of a 38 year old man the multiplier chosen was only 12 years. Thus the deceased being a man of 50 years it would be just to select a multiplier of only 8 years and not 13. i ) The Judgment of the learned judge is not bused on recognized principles of law. J)That the Learned Tribunal erred in awarding compensation to the tune of Rs.37,48,500/- being disproportionately high. k) That the Learned Tribunal ought to have considered the vital fact that even if the burden of proof does not lie on a particular party, the court can draw adverse inference if such party

withholds

important documents which can throw light on the facts at issue; 9/37

1-fa286-06c.doc l)That the Learned Tribunal ought not to have indulged in giving largesse's out of public exchequer without there being legal basis of payment of compensation; m) That the Learned Tribunal ought not to have made the Award of compensation in favour of the original Applicants in the claims application; n) In any event the Award of the Learned Tribunal is highly exaggerated and not in conformity with the payment of compensation as provided under law; o) That the Learned Tribunal failed

consider

that Respondent No.1 to 3 had failed not only to prove dependency but also could not produce any evidence in support thereof which could make them entitled for such a big Award; P) The learned Judge failed to appreciate that the Respondent No.1 having admitted in cross- examination that he had received one plot of land worth Rs.7 lacs and shares of reliance worth 3 lacs, the same ought to have been deducted from the net pecuniary loss: q) Apart from the above the Respondent No.1 seems to have received a lot of monetary 10/37

1-fa286-06c.doc benefits on account of his father's death which ought to have been deducted from the net pecuniary loss. r) The rate of interest awarded is high. Reliance is placed on 2005 TAC 305 wherein 75 % was granted and 2000 ACJ 252 wherein 6% were awarded as interest by the Apex Court. s) That the learned Tribunal ought to have on the facts and circumstances of the case, dismissed the Claim Application with costs. t) The judgment of the learned Judge is against the principles of justice, equity and good conscience. u)The Appellants crave leave to alter, amend, add to any of the grounds aforesaid: v )The Award and Judgment of the Learned Tribunal in MACP No.151 of 2003 at Sangli deserves to be quashed and set aside in the interest of justice. 11. Being dis-satisfied by the quantum awarded, the Original Claimants have filed First Appeal No.549 of 2006, on following grounds:- a) the Impugned judgment is illegal, unlawful and not in 11/37

1-fa286-06c.doc accordance with the settled propositions of law ; b) The Impugned judgment is unreasonable and contrary to the principles of natural justice and equity which ought to be exercised while dealing with cases pertaining to compensation under the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988; c) The Impugned judgment is contrary to the pleadings and evidence on record; d) The Impugned judgment suffers from impropriety and prejudice while considering and discarding the evidence, oral as well as documentary, adduced before the Tribunal on behalf of the Appellants; e) Thee Learned Judge has committed grave error in equating proceedings under Sec. 166 of The Motor Vehicles Act 1988 with that of the proceedings under 163A for the purpose of loss of estate and funeral expenses consequently awarding paltry amounts of Rs.2,000/- and Rs.2,500/- as against claim of Rs. 72,00,000/- and oral and 12/37

1-fa286-06c.doc documentary evidence to that effect towards loss of estate alone. f) The Learned Judge has committed grave error in deducting from

Gross

salary entire deductions and thereafter further reducing the net income by 1/3rd amounting to double deduction. g) The Learned Judge has erred in ignoring the ratio laid down by a judgement of the Apex Court in K.S.R.T.C. Vs. Susamma Thomas in 1994 ACJ 1 wherein future prospects of higher income, stability

employment, qualifications, longevity of life in the family are considered. In this light dependency itself should have been at least double and multiplicand ought to have been atleast Rs. 75,000/- p.m. Considering multiplier of “13”, Rs.1,17,00,000/- would have been loss of dependency alone. h) The inference drawn and the reasons for disbelieving the oral evidence by the Learned Judge itself being without any justification and reasons is highly erroneous; i) The Learned Judge by awarding less compensation has conferred 13/37

1-fa286-06c.doc undue benefit to the Tortfeasors viz. the respondents for being rash and negligent while driving and thereby causing death of five innocent persons; j ) The Impugned Judgment is liable to be quashed and set aside being without any merits, unreasonable and improper; k ) The Appellants crave leave of this Hon'ble Court to add, alter or amend the grounds of challenge or advance additional grounds at the time of submissions. SUBMISSIONS OF PARTIES : 12. Ms.Poonam Mittal, made her submissions on behalf of the Appellant – Insurance Company : i). Ms.Mittal submitted that as far as statutory defence of the driving license and breach of policy are concerned, even though the same are taken up in the written statement however she on instructions wants to give up that defence. ii). Ms.Mittal submitted that she has two points of argument, one is of “negligence” and other is “quantum”. iii). Ms.Mittal on the issue of “negligence” submitted that in the written statement of the Insurance Company a specific 14/37

1-fa286-06c.doc averment is made in paragraphs 4 and 6 that negligence was on part of the driver of the Maruti Van. She further submitted that as far as negligence is concerned, the Insurance Company has examined the truck driver of the offending truck. So also the photographer, who had clicked the photographs at the site of the accident was examined. iv). Ms.Mittal further submitted that a state transport bus was standing near the site of the accident and Maruti Van over took the standing bus and in the process the offending truck which came from the opposite direction collided with Maruti Van, therefore it was a sheer negligence on the part of the deceased, who was driving Maruti Van due to which there was unfortunate accident. Ms.Mittal further submitted that MACT Court lost site to this important piece of evidence and erred in holding that the negligence was on part of the driver of the offending truck. v). Insofar as issue of quantum is concerned, Ms.Mittal submitted that MACT Court has rightly calculated the quantum. Ms. Mittal further submitted that deceased Madhav was working as a Senior management Cadre with Reliance Industries and was deriving salary of Rs.77,000/-. Thus, after total deductions 15/37

1-fa286-06c.doc of Rs.43,232/- the amount comes to Rs.34,023/- Therefore, MACT has rightly arrived at the amount of Rs.1,44,000/-. Therefore, original claimants are not entitled to receive any kind of claim in this claim petition. vi). Ms.Mittal further submitted that in so far as “Future Prospect” is concerned, the deceased Madhav, father of Original Claimant Nos. 1 and 2 and the son of Claimant no.3, was 43 years old. Hence, MACT has wrongly considered the Multiplier. She further submitted that MACT Court has also wrongly erred while arriving granting the Consortium. vii). Ms.Mittal further submitted that MACT Court without considering settled position of law and the evidence led in the present proceedings, has arrived to incorrect amount of claim, and the same should be reduced. 13. On the other hand, Mr.Tejpal Ingale made submissions on behalf of Claimants:- i). Mr. Ingale submitted that as far as negligence is concerned, the Claimants have very specifically stated in their claim petition and have also led evidence in the form of father of the deceased entering into the witness box and giving his 16/37

1-fa286-06c.doc evidence. So also the claimants have relied upon the exhibited documents in the form of FIR, Panchanama, driving license of the deceased and the driving license of the offending truck. ii). Mr.Ingale submitted that evidence of the driver of offending vehicle, itself shows that it was straight road and from the distance of 600 mtr. Driver of the offending vehicle could see the Maruti Van coming from the opposite direction. It is further stated by the driver of offending truck that his speed was around 30 to 35 Km per hour and it is also stated by the driver that road was bigger than the national highway. iii). Mr.Ingale further stated that FIR recorded by the police supports the case of the Claimant. The said FIR also mentions about the statements of one Mr. Ashok Mane, who has narrated to the police that the accident occurred when he was driving his vehicle and according to him, the accident occurred due to the mistake of the offending truck driver. The said Mr.Ashok Mane also stated that there was a bus standing at the relevant time near the spot of accident, at the bus stop. iv). Mr.Ingale further submitted that as far as the quantum is concerned, MACT Court has not followed the principles laid 17/37

1-fa286-06c.doc down by the Supreme Court on the issue of calculations to be made for deciding the quantum. v). Mr.Ingale further submitted that the last pay certificate (July 2002) and statement of accounts of the deceased, who was the Assistant Vice President in Senior Management Cadre, was produced on record and duly exhibited. The said certificates and statements clearly showed that the deceased was earning about Rs.1,20,487/- per month. vi). Mr.Ingale further submitted that the age of the deceased has been duly proved, as the S.S.C. examination certificate (Exh. 33) of the deceased was produced on record and duly exhibited and which shows that the deceased was 50 years of age at the time of the accident. viii). Mr.Ingale further referred to Section 166 of the M.V. Act and the Judgments of the Supreme Court passed in Pranay Sethi (supra) and Manasvi Jain vs. Delhi Transport Corporation, reported in (2014) 13 SCC 22, ix). Mr.Ingale also referred to the findings recorded by MACT Court in favour of the Claimants in its paragraph Nos.16 and 17. 18/37

1-fa286-06c.doc x). Mr.Ingale referred to the doctrine of last opportunity to avoid the accident. Mr. Ingale further submitted that as per evidence of the driver of the offending truck that from the distance of 600 Mtr, he has seen Maruti Van coming from the opposite direction, therefore Mr.Ingale submitted that he could have avoided the accident. Mr. Ingale submitted that the driver of the offending truck could have reduced his speed by applying the breaks, of his truck, however, the same was not done. xi). Mr.Ingale submitted that all the persons traveling in the Maruti Van have died except one boy Devdutta Mahadev Akhave (Original Claimant No.2), who was sitting in the dicky of Maruti Van. xii). Mr.Ingale also submitted that the principles of res- ipsa-loquitur is applicable in the present proceedings. He submitted that the Claimants can prove the accident but cannot prove how it happened to establish the negligence on the part of the Respondents. This hardship is sought to be avoided by applying the principles of res-ipsa-loquitur. xiii). Mr.Ingale further relied upon the Judgments of Pranay Sethi (supra) and Sarla Varma vs. DTC reported in (2009) 6 19/37

1-fa286-06c.doc SCC 121 to buttress his submissions. xiv). Mr.Ingale further submitted that the amount as calculated by MACT so far as Future Prospects are concerned, the same should have been done as per the ratio laid down in paragraph 59.3 of the Judgment of Pranay Sethi (supra). xv). Mr.Ingale further submitted that when the income is calculated it always means of receivable minus tax components and if the deceased was below 50 years would always be 30%. Hence, Mr.Ingale also submitted that multiplier has to be applied based upon for the age of the deceased and not on the basis of the age of the Claimants. xvi). Mr.Ingale submitted that the First Appeal filed by the Insurance Company should be dismissed and the First Appeal filed by the Claimants should be allowed with interest. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS :- 14. The impugned award passed by MACT has been challenged by both the parties i.e. the Insurance Company and also by the Claimants. 15. MACT has partly allowed the claim of the Appellants (Original Claimants) by granting an amount of Rs.37,48,500/-, 20/37

1-fa286-06c.doc including the amount of Rs.50,000/- as “no fault liability”, along with with interest @ 9% p.a. As the issue of statutory defence of breach of policy and not having driving license is given up by the Insurance Company. The issues were answered in favour of the Claimants. A). Rash and Negligent

Driving

: - 16. As far as rash and negligent driving is concerned, to prove the said fact the Claimants have examined Claimant No.1, who narrated the entire evidence as known to him. The said witness was cross-examined by the Insurance Company. In evidence Claimant No.1, brought on record FIR (Exhibit-28) and Panchanama (Exhibit–29) and Memorandum of Post morteum (Exhibit-30). The said FIR recorded the statement of one Mr. Ashok Mane, who’s vehicle was passing by, had submitted that there was a bus standing on the bus stop near the site of the accident and as the Maruti Van crossed over the standing bus, the offending truck coming from the opposite direction, dashed the Maruti Van. It is further recorded that after the accident, Maruti Van which was going towards north, due to impact turn to 21/37

1-fa286-06c.doc south 15 ft. It is further recorded that the size of the road was 34 ft and there were white plates of 5 ft on both the sides. The offending truck which was coming from north to south after the accident had moved towards east by 2 ft. Further Mr.Ashok Mane stated that the accident had occurred due to the negligence of truck driver. The only survivor of the accident Devdatta (Original Claimant No.2), also in his statement to the Police, stated that the accident occurred due to the negligence of the offending truck. Further the Claimant No.1 also produced on record Panchanama (Exhibit-29). The said Panchanama recorded that it was the negligence of the offending truck driver, due to which the accident had occurred. The Panchanama also recorded that the head-light the Maruti Van were switch on at the time of accident. The accident had occurred at 2 p.m. in the afternoon, as the head-light of the Maruti Van was on, this shows that the deceased had given signal to the offending truck. 17. The evidence led by the Insurance Company, of the driver of offending truck records that from the distance of 600 Mtr. he could see that Maruti Van was coming from south to north and in a zigzag manner. Further the said evidence 22/37

1-fa286-06c.doc recorded that the road was bigger than the national highway. He further stated that the speed of the offending truck was around 30 to 35 km per hour. However, it is seen that there was no statement made in the examination in chief that the driver of the offending vehicle applied breaks so as to make an attempt to slow down or stop the offending vehicle after he saw that Maruti Van is coming towards him in a zigzag manner or gave any kind of signal to the Maruti Van. In the cross-examination the driver of the offending vehicle denied that the bus was standing on the site. So also he denied that Maruti Van over took another Car and dashed the offending truck. 18. The theory that Maruti Van was coming in zigzag manner is not averred in the written statement. So also the evidence that the bus was standing on the bus stop which was taken up in the written statement was denied in the cross- examination. Therefore there is variance between the pleadings and evidence, of the driver of offending truck. 19. Witness No.2 of the Insurance Company who had been on the spot to take photographs has clearly stated that when he visited the site, the vehicles were moved away from the 23/37

1-fa286-06c.doc spot of the accident to the side of the road as due to accident these was a traffic issue. Hence, I hold that the Insurance Company was not able to prove by leading evidence their case of negligence on part of driver of Maruti Van. 20. Taking into consideration the documents on record in the form of FIR, including the statement of Mr.Ashok Mane, who had witnessed the accident, and the statement of Devdatta (Original Claimant No.2) recorded by the police, who was sitting in the unfortunate Maruti Van, and this coupled with the fact that the driver of the offending truck in his evidence admitted the fact that it was straight road, and from 600 Mtr. he could see the Maruti Van coming in a zigzag manner, and the road was bigger than the national high, his speed being 30 to 35 Km per hour and driver of offending truck not applying the breaks, is enough to prove that the driver of the offending vehicle was negligent and rash while driving the offending truck . 21. Insofar as the doctrine of last opportunity, Mr.Ingale, relied upon the judgment of the Supreme Court in case of Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay vs. Laxman Iyer & Ors. reported in (2003) 8 SCC 731. Paragraph 7 of the said 24/37

1-fa286-06c.doc Judgment reads as under :- “7. At this juncture, it is necessary to refer to the “doctrine of last opportunity”. The said doctrine is said to have emanated from the principle enunciated in Davies vs. Mann (1842) 10 M & W 546, which has often been explained as amounting to a rule that when both parties are careless the party which has the last opportunity of avoiding the results of the other’s carelessness is alone liable. However, according to Lord Denning it is not a principle of law, but a test of causation. (See Davies v. Swan Motor Co. (Swansea) Ltd., ) (1949) 2 KB 291. Though in some decisions, the doctrine has been applied by courts, after the decisions of the House of Lords in Volute (1922) 1 AC 129, and Swadling v. Cooper (1931) AC 1, it is no longer to be applied. The sample test is, what was the cause or what were the causes of the damage. The act or omission amounting to want of ordinary care or in defiance of duty or obligation on the part of the complaining party which conjointly with the other party’s negligence was the proximate cause of the accident, renders it one to be the result of contributory negligence.” (emphasis supplied) 22. In the present proceedings the driver of the truck has admitted that he had seen Maruti Van from the distance of 600 mtr. and he was driving at a speed of 30 to 35 Km per hour, admittedly he could have applied the breaks to slow down his vehicle and or to stop his vehicle. The width of the road was 34 25/37

1-fa286-06c.doc ft. and there was additional 5 ft. side white plate, therefore there was opportunity for him to slow down and go towards his left and avoid the accident. The offending truck was a big vehicle compared to Maruti Van. Therefore, the degree of precautions and responsibilities was more on the offending truck. This coupled with the fact that the lights of Maruti Van were on, at the time of accident, therefore, the findings recorded in the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Laxman Iyer & Ors. (supra) are squarely applicable to the present proceedings and I hold that the driver of the offending vehicle was negligent and rash while driving of the offending vehicle and due to which accident occurred and 5 persons , including the Mahadev Dattaraya Akhave lost their lives. B). Quantum :- 23. The MACT has granted the total compensation of Rs.37,48,500/- to the claimants in the following manner :- a)Total earnings - Deductions - Thus Net pay taken - Hence, monthly salary - Rs.77,255/- p.m. Rs.43,323/- Rs.34,023/- Rs.36,000/-p.m. b) 1/3 personal deduction Rs.36,000/- minus Rs.12,000/- 26/37

1-fa286-06c.doc Therefore, total Rs.24,000/- per month. c) Future Prospects was not granted Nil d) Multiplicands : Hence Multiplier of ‘13’ was applied. Rs.24,000/- x 12 = Rs.2,88,000/- p.a. Rs.2,88,000/- x 13 = Rs.37,44,000/- e) Loss of estate Rs.2,500/- f) Funeral Expenses Rs.2,000/- Total Rs.37,48,500/- 24. In the present proceedings, the Claimants have produced on record the last drawn salary certificate (Exhibit – 78) of the deceased. The said certificate shows that last drawn salary of the deceased is Rs.1,20,487/- ( i.e. Rs.77,225 + Rs.43,232/- deductions = Rs.1,20,487) 25. Supreme Court in the case of Manasvi Jain vs. Delhi Transport Corporation Limited, reported in (2014) 13 SCC 22 held in paragraphs Nos. 8 and 9, as under:- “8. This Court in Shyamwati Sharma v. Karam Singh (2010) 12 SCC 378, while considering the issues of deduction of taxes, contributions, etc., for arriving at the figure of net monthly income, held that : (SCC p. 380, para 9) "9... while ascertaining the income of the deceased,any deductions shown in the salary 27/37

1-fa286-06c.doc certificate as deductions towards GPF, life insurance premium, repayments of loans, etc. should not be excluded from the income. The deduction towards income tax/ surcharge alone should be considered to arrive at the net income of the deceased”. (emphasis supplied) 9. In the present case, there Is no dispute about of the salary of the deceased. As per salary certificate, his monthly income, and deductions are as under :- Monthly income Rs.26,950.00 Deductions

Provident fund 8000.00 House Rent 525.00 GIS 120.00 Income tax 2500.00 So, from the above table, it is clear that except an amount of Rs.2500 towards income tax, rest of the amounts were voluntarily contributed by the deceased for the welfare of his family. Considering the decision of this Court in Shyamwati Sharma (2010) 12 SCC 378, in our opinion, except contribution towards income fax, the other voluntary contributions made by the deceased, which are in the nature of savings, cannot be deducted from the monthly salary of the deceased to decide his net salary or take- home salary. Hence, the take-home salary of the deceased comes to Rs 24,450 which can be rounded to Rs 25,000”.

[Emphasis Supplied] Therefore, Supreme Court in clear terms in the above 28/37

1-fa286-06c.doc Judgment held that deductions towards IT and Professional Tax, etc. should not be excluded from the income of the deceased while calculating the income. 26. Considering the law as laid down by Supreme Court Manasvi Jain (supra), except the amount towards IT and Professional Tax rest of the amount from the salary were voluntarily contributed by the deceased for welfare of his family as savings, and therefore, it cannot be deducted from his monthly salary. So also the ratio laid down by the Supreme Court in the case of Pranay Sethi (supra), it is clearly stated in the para 44 that, “Income means actual income less the tax paid” Para 44 of Pranay Sethi (Supra) is reproduced as under ; “At this stage, we must immediately say that insofar as the aforesaid multiplicand/multiplier is concerned, it has to be accepted on the basis of income established by the legal representatives of the deceased. Future prospects are to be added to the sum on the percentage basis and “income” means actual income less than the tax paid. The multiplier has already been fixed in Sarla Verma which has been approved in Reshma Kumari with which we concur.” [Emphasis Supplied] 29/37

1-fa286-06c.doc According to the last drawn salary certificate of the deceased Madhav, there was deduction of total sum of Rs.18,483/- towards professional tax and the income tax. Hence the net salary of the deceased Madhav comes to Rs.1,02,004/- p.m.(i.e. Rs.1,20,487/- Minus Rs.18,483/-) Hence,I hold the MACT Court has wrongly considered the only basic pay of Rs.77,255/- and deducted Rs.43,232/- of the deceased Madhav out of which Professional tax and income tax needs to be only deducted. Hence, in the present proceedings I hold that the net salary of the deceased was Rs.1,02,004 /- per month. [(Rs.77,255+ Rs.43,232/- = Rs.1,20,487 Rs.1,20,487/- (-) Rs.18,483/- = Rs.1,02,004/- per month] Personal Deductions

1-fa286-06c.doc deduction should be at the rate of 1/3. Since the salary of deceased is considered as Rs.1,02,004/- p.m. there could be deduction of Rs.34,001/-p.m. i.e. 1/3rd. Hence, after deduction the Net salary of the deceased is held by me as Rs.68,003/- per month. Future Prospects

: 28. The Claimants were able to prove that the deceased was 49 years 11 months and 12 days of age at the time of his death. In the proceedings the claimants have produced on record the S.S.C. certificate which proves the age of the deceased Madhav Dattaraya Akhave. The Supreme Court in the Judgment of Pranay Sethi (supra), IN Paragraph 59.3 held as under:- “While determining the income, an addition of 50% of actual salary to the income of the deceased towards future prospects, where the deceased had a permanent job and was below the age of 40 years, should be made. The addition should be 30%, if the age of the deceased was between 40 to 50 years. In case of the deceased was between the age of 50 to 60 years, the addition should be 15%. Actual salary should be read as actual salary less tax”.

[Emphasis Supplied] 31/37

1-fa286-06c.doc Therefore, considering the age of the deceased as 50 years and his salary after deduction as Rs.68,003/- per month, additional 30% increase in the salary on account of Future Prospects comes to Rs.20,400/-. Therefore, the total income of the deceased would be Rs.68,003 + Rs.20,400 = Rs.88,403/- per month. Multiplier : 39. As the salary of the deceased is considered as Rs.88,403/- per month. Yearly income would be Rs.88,403/- x 12 months = Rs.10,60,836/- per year. The tribunal has considered multiplier of “13”, based on the age of dependent. Supreme Court in case of Sarla Verma (Smt.) & Ors. (supra) has held in paragraph 42 as under : “We, therefore hold that the multiplier to be used should be as mentioned in Column (4) of the table above (prepared by applying Susamma Thomas), Trilok Chandra and Charlie), which starts with an operative multiplier of 18 (for the age groups of 15 to 20 and 21 to 25 years), reduced by one unit for every five years, that is M-17 for 26 to 30 years, M- 16 for 31 to 35 years, M-15 for 36 to 40 years, M- 14 for 41 to 45 years, and M-13 for 46 to 50 years, then reduced by two units for every five years, that is, M-11 for 51 to 55 years, M-9 for 56 to 60 years, M-7 for 61 to 65 years and M-5 for 66 to 70 years”. 32/37

1-fa286-06c.doc

(Emphasis supplied) Considering the Multiplier formula laid down by the Supreme Court and considering the age of the deceased as 49 years at the time of his death, he falls under the category of 46 to 50 years, therefore the multiplier of “13” will be applicable. The amount of Rs.10,60,836/- per year calculated above has to be multiplied by “13”. Hence, the said amount would be Rs.1,37,90,868/-.(Rupees One Crore,Thirty-Seven Lakhs, Ninety Thousand, Eight Hundred and Sixty-Eight/-) Conventional Head :

- 30.1 Consortium for the original claimants no.1,2 and 3 of the deceased was not granted by the MACT. The Supreme Court in the judgment of Pranay Sethi (supra) has held that the amount of Rs.40,000/- should be granted under the head of consortium. Further in the Judgment of Magma General Insurance Company Limited vs. Nanu Ram @ Chuhru Ram & Ors. reported (2018) 18 SCC 130 it is held that the amount of Rs.40,000/- on account of consortium should be granted to each of the Claimants. 30.2 Supreme Court in the case of Pranay Sethi (supra) 33/37

1-fa286-06c.doc has further clarified that there has to be 10 % increase after every 3 years on the amount of Rs.40,000/-. Since the Judgment in case of Pranay Sethi (supra) was delivered on 31 October, 2017, the amount of Rs.40,000/- is considered as on that date. The present proceedings are decided today in the month of November, 2023, which is 6 years after the judgment in case of Pranay Sethi (supra) delivered by the Supreme Court, hence there will be rise of 10% after every 3 years. Therefore, on the amount of Rs.40,000/- ; an amount of Rs.8,400/- more would be payable to each of the Claimants (two sons and mother of the deceased). Therefore, on account of consortium total amount of Rs.48,400/- would be payable to each of the Claimants. Therefore, on account of consortium the amount payable would be Rs.14,45,200/- 30.3 On account of Loss of Estate, the MACT had granted Rs.2,500/-. In the Judgment of Pranay Sethi (supra) Supreme Court has granted Rs.15,000/- plus 10% increase on every 3 years. Since the present proceedings are decided today after a gap of 6 years after the delivery of judgment in case of Pranay Sethi (supra) by the Supreme Court, the loss of estate in 34/37

1-fa286-06c.doc present proceedings is calculated at Rs.15,000/- plus 10% rise on Rs.15,000/- for every 3 years. Therefore, the total amount of Rs.18,000/- on the account of loss of estate, will be payable to each of the Claimant.(i.e. Rs.18,000/- x 3 = Rs.54,000/-) 30.4 As far as funeral charges are concerned, the MACT Court has granted a meagre sum of Rs.2,000/-. The Supreme Court in the case of Rajwati and Ors vs. United India Insurance Company Limited & Ors. reported in 2022, ACJ 2754 has granted funeral expenses of Rs.20,000/-. Paragraph 22 of the said judgment reads as under :- “22. The deceased left behind five dependants, i.e., the present Appellants. In view of this, the grant of Rs. 40,000/- by the Learned Tribunal towards loss of consortium is insufficient in our view, and deserves interference. A three-Judge Bench of this Court in United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Satinder Kaur 2020 ACJ 2131 (SC), has awarded loss of spousal consortium at the rate of Rs.40,000/- and for s loss of parental consortium to each child at the rate of Rs.40,000/-. The compensation under these heads also needs to be increased by 10 per cent after every three years. Accordingly, the grant of Rs. 40,000/- towards loss of consortium is increased to Rs. 44,000/- to each Appellant, amounting to a total of Rs. 2,20,000/-. Along with this, Rs. 15,000/- each 35/37

1-fa286-06c.doc under the heads of ‘funeral expenses’ and ‘loss of estate’ is also very meagre. In our considered opinion, an amount of Rs. 20,000/- is liable to be paid towards funeral expenses. Similarly, award of Rs. 15,000/- towards ‘loss of estate’ is liable to be increased to Rs. 20,000/-.” (Emphasis supplied) Therefore, I grant a sum of Rs.20,000/- on account of funeral expenses. 30.5 Consequently, the total amount payable on account of Conventional Head would be Rs.2,19,200/-. Total Amount Of Compensation

1-fa286-06c.doc 28 May, 2003) till realization, as per the ratio laid down in the Award dated 28 September 2005. However, since the Claimant No.3 has died, (who was the mother of the deceased and grandmother of the Original Claimant No.1 and 2) her share would be given in equal proportion to the Claimant No.1 and 2. 34. In view of above, appeal of the Claimants i.e. First Appeal No.549 of 2006 stands partly allowed and appeal filed by the Insurance Company i.e. First Appeal No.286 of 2006 is hereby dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs. 35. It is submitted that the Insurance Company has already deposited Award amount in the concerned MACT. If the Claimants have already withdrawn certain amount from the amount deposited, the said amount already withdrawn should be adjusted while allowing the Claimants to withdraw the claim amount as decided by me today. The said amount should be granted as per the ratio laid down in the impugned judgment dated 28 September 2005.

(RAJESH S. PATIL, J.) 37/37