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Facts
A search action was conducted on the assessee's premises, and during the assessment, the AO noted undisclosed income of Rs. 5,75,00,000/-. The assessee explained the details and manner of earning this income. The AO initiated penalty proceedings u/s 271AAB without discussion in the assessment order.
Held
The Tribunal held that Section 271AAB of the Act is not mandatory but discretionary, as indicated by the use of the word "may" instead of "shall". Additionally, the AO failed to record any satisfaction in the assessment order to initiate penalty proceedings, rendering the penalty unsustainable.
Key Issues
Whether the penalty levied u/s 271AAB of the Act is sustainable when the undisclosed income does not fall within the definition and the AO has not recorded satisfaction for initiating penalty proceedings.
Sections Cited
271AAB, 132, 44AA, 250, 143(3)
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Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, “A” BENCH, KOLKATA
Date of concluding the hearing : 17.02.2026 Date of pronouncing the order : 05.03.2026 O R D E R Per Rajesh Kumar, AM
The present appeal filed by the assessee arises from order dated 24.10.2025 passed u/s 250 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereafter “the Act”) by the Ld. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) Kolkata-26 [hereinafter referred to “the Ld. CIT(A)] for assessment year 2013-14.
The only issue raised by the assessee in the various grounds of appeal is against the confirmation of penalty of Rs. 57,50,000/- by the Ld. CIT(A) as imposed by the AO u/s 271AAB of the Act by ignoring the fact
The facts in brief are that the search action u/s 132(1) of the Act was conducted on the residential and business premises of the assessee on 18.09.2012 which was concluded on 19.09.2012. The assessee filed return of income on 26.09.2013 disclosing total income of Rs. 5,79,86,000/-. Thereafter, the statutory notices along with questionnaire were issued and the returned income was accepted. However, the AO noted that the assessee had shown undisclosed income of Rs. 5,75,00,000/- in the return. During the course of assessment the assessee explained the details of undisclosed income and also explained the manner in which he earned the undisclosed income. The AO also mentioned in para 3 the documents seized such as documents relating to cash found as well as jewellery and other asset found and seized which were not pertaining to the disclosure and were fully explained to have been recorded by the assessee. In the assessment framed u/s 143(3) though no addition was made however, the AO initiated penalty u/s 271AAB of the Act without there being iota of discussion about the such penalty proceeding in the assessment order. Therefore, there is no satisfaction in the assessment framed by the AO qua the penalty initiated. During the penalty proceedings, again the AO accepted seized documents as discussed on page No. 2 and also noted that the assessee duly explained the same. Thereafter, the AO in para 5, page no. 5 extracted and pointed out the details of disclosure petition dated 16.11.2012 explaining the source of undisclosed income which are as under:
SI Particulars Document Financial Amount (Rs.) No. Ref. year 1 Sale of jewelleries BKG/18 2012-13 18,07,700/- 2 Profit in dealing of potato BKG/18 2012-13 74,03,000/- 3 Commodity profit/speculation BKG/18 2012-13 4,28,91,876
Bijay Kumar Garodia 4 Commission/profit on flat BKG/20 2012-13 35,00,000/- booking 5 Other receipts on the basis of 2012-13 18,98,124/- various seized documents/income arising from errors & omissions Total 5,75,00,000/-
The said income was disclosed as income from other sources and no penalty is imposable in terms of Explanation (c) to Section 271AAB. However, the AO levied penalty u/s 271AAB(1)(c) of the Act @ 10% vide order dated 28.09.2015.
In the appellate proceedings, the penalty was confirmed by the Ld. CIT(A) by dismissing the appeal of the assessee.
6. After hearing the rival contention and perusing the material on record, we find that in this case the assessee has made disclosure of Rs. 5,75,00,000/- in respect of five items comprising (i) Profit on sale of jewellery (ii) profit on potato account (iii) Speculation profit (iv) Profit on sale of Bandra Flat and others aggregating to Rs. 5,75,00,000/- while the same was shown in the return of income as income from other sources. The assessee is not maintaining any books of accounts as he is not having business or profession, therefore, the case of the assessee falls in the second limb i.e. other documents maintained by the assessee which were found during the course of search and therefore, cannot be termed as undisclosed income. The case of the assessee is squarely covered by the decision of Kolkata Bench of the Tribunal in the case of DCIT Vs. Subhas Chandra Agarwala & Sons (HUF) reported in [2018] 91 taxmann.com 442 (Kol-Trib.), wherein the coordinate Bench has held as under:
“3. We have heard rival submissions and gone through the facts and circumstances of the case. We note that the ld AO has levied the penalty u/s. 271AAB on the ground that the income from commodity profit has been found during search u/s. 132 of the Act which is not reflected in the regular books of Bijay Kumar Garodia account. The ld AO has accepted that during search, the assessee has admitted u/s. 132(4) of the Act the income from speculative trading. The ld AO has given finding pertaining to this case in the following manner:- i) The assessee has substantiated the manner in which the income was derived. ii) Furnished the return of income therein and iii) Paid the tax along with interest. Based on the said finding, according to ld AO, the assessee satisfies the conditions enumerated in sec. 271AAB(i)(a) of the Act and thereafter levied ten percent of Rs.2 cr., which have been deleted by the impugned order of ld CITA.
4. The ld DR brought to our notice that in the very same group case of Manoj Beswal & Ors. the Tribunal had confirmed the levy of penalty and contended before us that penalty u/s. 271AAB of the Act is mandatory and therefore, according to ld DR, the ld CIT(A) erred in deleting the penalty by stating that the assessee did not had any ‘mens rea’ not to disclose the amount in question. According to him, penalty has to be mandatorily levied u/s. 271AAB of the Act on the undisclosed income found during search. On the other hand, ld AR, supporting the decision of ld CITA made contentions though taken up before the ld CITA but has not been adjudicated on those averments, which the ld AR urges before us to consider while adjudicating the appeal of the Revenue. The ld AR also pointed out that the contentions which he is going to raise has been taken up before the ld AO also, however, according to ld AR, those legal arguments were not considered by the ld AO in the right perspective. The first contention of the ld AR is that since Sec. 271AAB of the Act is a penalty section it should be construed strictly, which we agree being it is a trite law that penalty provisions have to be strictly interpreted. Next contention of ld AR is that sec. 271AAB of the Act is not mandatory because Parliament in its wisdom has used the word ‘may’ and not ‘shall’. So, according to him, it is the discretion bestowed upon the ld AO whether to initiate and impose penalty u/s. 271AAB of the Act. We agree with the said contention of ld AR because when a similar issue was adjudicated by the Co-ordinate Bench of Lucknow Tribunal in the case of Sandeep Chandak & Ors. Vs. CIT (2017) 55 ITR (Trib) 209 and 2017 (5) TMI 675-ITAT-Lucknow in 417 and 418/LKW/2016 dated 30.01.2017 while adjudicating a case where penalty was levied under section 271AAB of the Act it was held that the provisions of Sec. 271AAB of the Act are not mandatory, which means that penalty need not be levied in each and every case wherever the assessee has made default as stated in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of the Act. Sub-section (1) of Sec. 271AAB of the Act uses the word “may” not “shall”. “May” cannot be equated with “shall” especially in penalty proceeding. Using the word “may” in our opinion, gives a discretion to the AO to levy the penalty or not to levy, even if the assessee has made the default under the said provision.” Therefore, the 2 nd ground of Revenue fails and we hold that penalty u/s. 271AAB of the Act is not mandatory and is discretionary. Before proceeding further, we note that the ex parte order passed by the Coordinate Bench relied upon by ld DR, in the case of Manoj Beswal, supra, have been recalled in MA Nos. 218 to 220/Kol/2017 dated 12.01.2018 by observing as under: “By virtue of these miscellaneous applications, the assessee seeks to recall the order passed by this Tribunal in 1475&1476/Kol/2015 in the hands of Amit Agarwal, Madan Lal Beswal and Manoj Beswal respectively
Bijay Kumar Garodia for the assessment year 2013-14 on the ground that notice was not served on the assessee for the hearing and on certain factual error that had crept in the order of the Tribunal. The first preliminary objection raised by the Ld. AR was that the notice of hearing was not served on the assessee for the hearing scheduled on 06.11.2017 and hence, the assessee could not be present on the said date by way of personal appearance. The second objection raised by the Ld. AR was that the Tribunal had stated in para 9 of its order that the assessee himself had accepted that he is engaged in commodities trading business and therefore mandated to maintain books of accounts in terms of section 44AA of the Act and thereby inferring that the assessee had reported the profit from commodities trading business under the head “income from business or profession”. Based on this crucial finding, the Tribunal had concluded that since the transaction of commodities trading had not been entered by the assessee in his books of accounts as on the date of search on 01.08.2012 and thereby it takes the character of undisclosed income for which penalty u/s 271AAB of the Act is exigible. In this regard, we find that the Ld. AR drew our attention to the computation of the total income wherein the assessee had offered income from commodity trading only under the head income from other sources. We also find that the Ld. AO had also specifically stated in the body of the assessment order vide column no. 10 that the assessee is having only salary income and income from other sources. We find that due to the absence of the assessee at the time of hearing this particular fact had escaped the attention of the Tribunal. On perusal of the fact available on record, we find that the finding recorded by this Tribunal in para 9 of its order dated 10.11.2017 that the assessee is mandated to maintain books of accounts u/s 44AA of the Act is factually incorrect and deserves to be rectified. This mistake of primary fact had lead to a conclusion of upholding the levy of penalty u/s 271AAB of the Act. Hence, in these facts and circumstances and in view of the aforesaid mistake of primary fact rightly pointed out by the ld. AR , we deem it fit to recall the orders of this Tribunal dated 10.11.2017 in the case of aforesaid assessees.” In the aforesaid scenario, the legal position is that an order which has been recalled for de novo adjudication, is no order in the eyes of law and so it cannot be treated as a precedent. Hence, the reliance placed by the ld DR supra in respect of assessee’s in the same group concern cases as decided by the Tribunal no longer survives and cannot be treated as covered against the assessee. 5.The third contention of the ld AR is that the assessee is an individual, who was drawing salary income. So, according to him, he need not maintain any books of account as per the Act. According to ld AR, undisputedly the assessee was engaged for the first time in this Asst Year only in trading of commodities, that too which was conducted in a non-systematic manner and the income from it was duly offered to tax by the assessee in his return of income under the head “Income from Other Sources”, which, according to ld AR was accepted as such by the ld AO and drew our attention to page one of assessment order, (not the penalty order) wherein we note that the ld AO has acknowledged that the assessee owned up Rs. 2 cr. as his income from commodity profit and it has been disclosed in his income and expenditure for AY 2013-14 under the head “income out of speculative business from sale of commodities”, and thereafter the ld AO confirmed the assessee’s claim and thereafter total income was assessed by the ld AO as per the return submitted by the assessee. In the light of the aforesaid facts discerned from assessment order, the assessee’s case is that for the first time in this Asst Year he was doing
Bijay Kumar Garodia unsystematic speculative activity which earned income and, it was brought under the head “Income from Other Sources”, and so, accordingly, he is not required to maintain books of account as stipulated in Sec. 44AA or Sec. 44AA(2)(ii) of the Act because, these provisions are only for assessees who are earning income under the head “Business or profession”. We note that Sec. 44AA or Sec. 44AA(2)(ii) of the Act casts a duty upon the assessee who are into “Business or Profession” and such assessee’s are bound to maintain books of account as stipulated therein. For appreciating this submission let us go through the provisions of law. 44AA(2)(ii) of the Act casts a duty upon the assessee who are into “Business or Profession” and such assessee’s are bound to maintain books of account as stipulated therein. For appreciating this submission let us go through the provisions of law. “44AA. (1) Every person carrying on legal, medical, engineering or architectural profession or the profession of accountancy or technical consultancy or interior decoration or any other profession as is notified by the Board in the Official Gazette shall keep and maintain such books of account and other documents as may enable the [Assessing] Officer to compute his total income in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (2) Every person carrying on business or profession [not being a profession referred to in sub-section (1)] shall,— (i) if his income from business or profession exceeds [one lakh twenty] thousand rupees or his total sales, turnover or gross receipts, as the case may be, in business or profession exceed or exceeds [ten lakh] rupees in any one of the three years immediately preceding the previous year; or (ii) where the business or profession is newly set up in any previous year, if his income from business or profession is likely to exceed [one lakh twenty] thousand rupees or his total sales, turnover or gross receipts, as the case may be, in business or profession are or is likely to exceed [ten lakh] rupees, [during such previous year; or (iii) where the profits and gains from the business are deemed to be the profits and gains of the assessee under [section 44AE] [or section 44BB or section 44BBB], as the case may be, and the assessee has claimed his income to be lower than the profits or gains so deemed to be the profits and gains of his business, as the case may be, during such [previous year; or]] (iv) where the profits and gains from the business are deemed to be the profits and gains of the assessee under section 44AD and he has claimed such income to be lower than the profits and gains so deemed to be the profits and gains of his business and his income exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income-tax during such previous year,] keep and maintain such books of account and other documents as may enable the [Assessing] Officer to compute his total income in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (3) The Board may, having regard to the nature of the business or profession carried on by any class of persons, prescribe, by rules, the books of account and other documents (including inventories, wherever necessary) to be kept and maintained under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the particulars to be contained therein and the form and the manner in which and the place at which they shall be kept and maintained.
Bijay Kumar Garodia (4) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (3), the Board may prescribe, by rules, the period for which the books of account and other documents to be kept and maintained under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall be retained.]” So from a reading of the above provisions which clearly stipulates that assessee who are carrying on business or profession shall keep and maintain such books of account and other documents which may enable the ld AO to compute the total income. We note that assessee in the statement of total income filed before the ld AO has shown income only under two heads (i) salary income (ii) income from other sources.
We note that the ld AO has accepted the aforesaid statement of total income filed before him without contesting the claim of the assessee as to whether the assessee’s claim of income other than from salary should be from “Income from Business”. The confusion that has arisen in this case, we note is on the misdirection of ld AO in the assessment proceedings wherein the assessment order of the assessee, the ld AO has observed “during search and seizure operation, Shri Manoj Beswal had made a consolidated disclosure of Rs.32 crore vide his disclosure petition. Out of this consolidated disclosure, the assessee owned up Rs. 2 cr. In the disclosure petition Shri Manoj Beswal it was stated that the source of such undisclosed income was out of commodity profit. It has been submitted that the amount has already been disclosed in his Income & Expenditure account for the AY 2013-14 under the head ‘Income out of Speculative Business from sale of commodities’. Verification of accounts confirms his claim.” This observation is flawed because, we note that ld AO got carried away by perusal of the “Income & Expenditure Account for AY 2013-14” submitted by the assessee before him, wherein it was shown in the income side that is right hand column as “Income from Speculative Business from sale of commodities” and left hand side column reflects the expenditure; and ld AO came to the conclusion that assessee has disclosed under the heading income out of Speculative Business from sale of commodities. The character of a receipt and the head under which it has to be taxed is not based on the nomenclature of receipt of income shown in Income & Expenditure Account. All the incomes of revenue nature will be posted in the right hand side column of ‘income’ in the Income & Expenditure Account and the description given therein cannot determine the head of income prescribed under chapter IV of the Act. Therefore, the observation of the ld AO in assessment order in the light of his action of accepting the statement of total income filed by the assessee along with return which without being contested, is erroneous, unless the ld AO was able to negate the claim of the assessee by bringing the income from commodity transactions as part of business income. It should be remembered that under the Act, the total income of an assessee/individual/company is chargeable to tax u/s. 4 of the Act. The total income has to be computed in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Section 14 of the Act lays down that for the purpose of computation, income of an assessee has to be classified under five heads. It is possible for an assessee/individual/company to have five different sources of income, each one of it will be chargeable to tax under the Act. Profits and gains of business or profession is only one of the heads under which an assessee’s income is liable to be assessed to tax. If an assessee has not commenced business there cannot be any question of assessment of its profits and gains of business. That does not mean that until and unless the assessee commences its business, its income from any other source will not be taxed as held by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Tuticorin Alkali & Chemicals Ltd. Vs. CIT (1997) 227 ITR Bijay Kumar Garodia 172 (SC). It has been further held that when the question is whether a receipt of money is taxable or not or whether certain deduction from that receipt is principles of law and not in accordance with accountancy practice. Further, the Hon’ble Apex Court held that the question as to whether a principal receipt is of the nature of income and falls within the charge of sec. 4 of the Act is a question of law which has to be decided by the Court on the basis of the provisions of the Act and interpretation of the term ‘income’ given in a large number of decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, High Court and Privy Council. After taking note of the Apex Court order as above, we note that the ld AO in the assessment order after having accepted the statement of total income (supra) and the return wherein the assessee has shown the income from commodities under the head “Income from Other Sources” cannot now after perusal of “Income & Expenditure Account” determine the character of transaction in the penalty proceedings as “Income from Business or Profession” which approach/action is erroneous. We note that the assessee in his statement of total income along with return has classified his income under two heads (i) Salary and (ii) from other sources and the income of Rs. 2 cr. as income from other sources, which we find the ld AO has not contested in the assessment order, has thus crystallized and the necessary inference drawn is that assessee an individual who was admittedly a salaried person engaged in the previous year relevant to the assessment year under consideration (that too for the first time) in an activity from which he derived “Income from Other Sources” are not required to maintain books of account which are applicable only if the assessee was engaged in Business or Profession. However, we further note that the transactions which yielded income, the assessee had in fact maintained records from which the ld AO was able to deduce the true income and expenditure of the assessee. We note the ld AO in the assessment order has accepted the returned income comprising of income from salary and income from other sources by observing as under : “Total income assessed as per return Rs.1,98,79,990/-”. And further we note that the ld AO had specifically stated in the first page first para of the assessment order that the assessee is having only salary income and income from other sources. Thus from a perusal of the assessment order, it is not in dispute that assessee is not engaged in any business. And the ld AO cannot change the character of income in a derivative proceeding which is an off-shoot of assessment proceedings i.e. the penalty proceedings without contesting and making a finding against the claim of the assessee in the assessment order as discussed above.
Finally, the ld AR submitted that during the search, the search party found the records of the assessee’s transactions in speculative commodity from the drawer of assessee’s accountant from which the ld AO could compute the income of the assessee from the said transaction which amount assessee declared during search and which was duly returned and which figure was accepted by the ld AO. According to ld AR, the fact that search happened on 01.08.2012 need to be taken note of since undisputedly there was enough and more time for the assessee to submit the accounts during assessment proceedings which fact has been taken note of and concurred by the ld CITA. Thereafter, the ld AR drew our attention to the definition of ‘undisclosed income’ given under section 271AAB which reads as under: “Penalty where search has been initiated. '
Bijay Kumar Garodia 271AAB. (1) The Assessing Officer may, notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act, direct that, in a case where search has been initiated under section 132 on or after the 1st day of July, 2012, the assessee shall pay by way of penalty, in addition to tax, if any, payable by him,— (a) a sum computed at the rate of ten per cent of the undisclosed income of the specified previous year, if such assessee— ******** Explanation – For the purposes of this section, - (a) ………. (b) ……… (c) "undisclosed income" means— (i) any income of the specified previous year represented, either wholly or partly, by any money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing or any entry in the books of account or other documents or transactions found in the course of a search under section 132, which has— (A) not been recorded on or before the date of search in the books of account or other documents maintained in the normal course relating to such previous year; or (B) otherwise not been disclosed to the [Principal Chief Commissioner or] Chief Commissioner or [Principal Commissioner or] Commissioner before the date of search; or (ii) any income of the specified previous year represented, either wholly or partly, by any entry in respect of an expense recorded in the books of account or other documents maintained in the normal course relating to the specified previous year which is found to be false and would not have been found to be so had the search not been conducted.” According to the ld AR, from the facts and circumstances described above, since the assessee is not engaged in business or profession, he does not require to maintain the books of account as per sec. 44AA or sec. 44AA(2) of the Act, therefore, the assessee’s case falls in the second limb i.e. “or other documents” as stipulated u/s. 271AAB Explanation (c) (supra) which describes undisclosed income for the purposes of this section which is very important to adjudicate this issue. Therefore, the question is when the search took place, the assessee’s transactions (in this case, the speculative transaction) has been found to be recorded in the “other documents” which is (retrieved from the assessee’s accountant’s drawer) and based on that the assessee declared Rs. 2 cr. during search and later returned income of Rs. 2 cr. as income under the head “Income from Other Sources” which was accepted by the AO in toto. We note that since the income under question (Rs. 2 cr.) was in fact entered in the “other documents” maintained in the normal course relating to the AY 2013-14, which document was retrieved during search, hence, the amount of Rs. 3 cr. offered by the assessee does not fall in the ken of “undisclosed income” defined in Sec. 271AAB of the Act. So, Rs. 2 cr. which was commodity profit recorded in the other document maintained by the assessee which was retrieved during search cannot be termed as “undisclosed Income” in the definition given u/s. 271AAB of the Act. Since Rs. 2 cr. cannot be termed as “Undisclosed Income” as per sec. 271AAB of the Act, Bijay Kumar Garodia no penalty can be levied against the assessee. Therefore, we uphold the order of the ld CITA on the aforesaid reasoning rendered by us.
In the result, the appeal of the revenue is dismissed.”
7. Moreover, we find that the AO has not recorded any satisfaction in the assessment order as to how and why the penalty proceedings were initiated. Therefore even on this count the penalty initiated and levied by AO is not sustainable in the eyes of law. Consequently, we set aside the order of Ld. CIT(A) and direct to AO to delete the penalty.
8. In result, appeal of the assessee is allowed.