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Facts
The assessee, Central Bank of India, challenged the applicability of Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for Assessment Year 2016-17, after the Ld.AO computed tax liability by invoking this section, which resulted in an addition for depreciation on revalued assets confirmed by the Ld.CIT(A). The assessee contended that Section 115JB was not applicable to it as it is a 'corresponding new bank' formed under a special Act of Parliament, not registered under the Companies Act.
Held
The Tribunal held that Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act is not applicable to the assessee. Relying on its own Special Bench decision for A.Y. 2013-14 and Coordinate Bench precedents, it concluded that the deeming fiction under Section 11 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970, which treats such banks as 'Indian companies' for Income Tax purposes, does not extend to make them 'companies' under the Companies Act for the specific applicability of Section 115JB(2)(b). Consequently, the Ld.AO was directed not to invoke Section 115JB for the impugned assessment year.
Key Issues
Whether Section 115JB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, which relates to Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) on book profits, is applicable to a nationalized banking company (a 'corresponding new bank') that is constituted by a special Parliamentary Act and not formed or registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
Sections Cited
115JB, 147, 144B, 250, 143(3), 194A, 36(1)(viii), 72A, 2(17), 2(26)
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Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, MUMBAI BENCH “C”, MUMBAI
Before: SHRI OM PRAKASH KANT & SHRI ANIKESH BANERJEE
The instant appeal of the assessee filed against the order of the National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC), Delhi [for brevity, ‘Ld.CIT(A)’] passed under section 250 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (in shot, ‘the Act) for the Assessment Year 2016- 17, date of order 24/06/2022. The impugned order was emanated from the order of National Faceless Assessment Centre(NFAC), Delhi (in short, ‘the Ld.AO’) passed u/s 147 r.w.s. 144B of the Act, date of order dated 20/03/2022.
Central Bank of India 2. We heard the rival submissions and considered the documents available on the record. The assessee is a banking company and activities is banking related activities. The original return was filed on 30/11/2016 declaring total loss of R.61,38,64,687/- under normal provisions of the Act and income u/s 115JB of the Act amount to Rs.249,17,75,702/-. Subsequently, the assessee filed revised return on 27/03/2018 and declaring total loss of Rs.73,43,78,40,847/- under normal provisions and the income u/s 115JB amount to Rs.248,49,40,847/-. The assessment was completed u/s 143(3) and finally, the proceedings u/s 147 of the Act was initiated to the assessee. During the assessment proceedings, the Ld.AO, by invoking provisions of section 115JB of the Act computed the tax liability. The assessee stated that the Ld.AO is erred in invoking provisions of section 115JB of the Act for determining the total income and tax liability whereas the provisions of section 115JB of the Act, which is not attracted in the case of the assessee.
The Ld. AR submitted that the Ld. AO had added back the depreciation on revalued assets amounting to Rs.24,29,73,000/- to the book profit declared in the return of income, and such addition was duly confirmed by the Ld. CIT(A). The Ld. AR challenged the applicability of Section 115JB to the case of the assessee. We observe that the issue is no longer res integra and has already been decided in favour of the assessee by the Special Bench of the ITAT, Mumbai, in the assessee’s own case bearing for A.Y. 2013-14, pronounced on 06.09.2024. The matter also stands covered by the binding precedent of the Coordinate Bench of the ITAT, Mumbai “C” Bench, in the assessee’s own case in and others, order dated 22.08.2025. The relevant findings of the Special Bench are reproduced below: — Central Bank of India “DECISION 39. We have heard both the parties and also perused the relevant material referred to before us and the various provisions of the relevant Acts cited which are relevant for adjudication of the issue before us.
The question which has been referred to the Special Bench is whether the requirement of sub- section (2) of 115JB is fulfilled in the present case of the assessees. Sub-section (1) of Section 115JB mandates charge of income tax based on book profits subject to fulfillment of certain conditions and also provides the rate on which such tax shall be charged. The Section starts with non- obstante clause and therefore, it is a departure from normal charge of tax on the total income of the company. Sub-section (2) is the computation provision dealing with the manner in which such book profits are to be computed. Upto A.Y.2012-13, subsection (2) of Section 115JB applied only to such companies which were required to prepare its profit and loss account in accordance with part II & III of Schedule VI to the Companies Act 1956. The assessee bank is required to prepare its profit and loss account in accordance with Section 52 r.w.s. 29 of the Banking Regulation Act and not as per the Companies Act. Earlier in the case of the assessee it has been settled by the Hon‟ble Jurisdictional High Court that provision of Section 115JB has no application to its case. Now after the amendment w.e.f. A.Y.2013- 14, Sub-section (2) has been amended to bring into the ambit of Section 115JB, those companies to which second proviso to subsection (1) of Section 129 of the Companies Act is applicable, who are required to prepare its statement of profit and loss account in accordance with provisions of the Act governing such company. For the sake of ready reference the amended subsection (2) of Section 115JB is again reproduced hereunder:- (2) Every assessee,— (a) being a company, other than a company referred to in clause (b), shall, for the purposes of this section, prepare its statement of profit and loss for the relevant previous year in accordance with the provisions of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013); or (b) being a company, to which the second proviso to subsection (1) of section 129 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) is applicable, shall, for the purposes of this section, prepare its statement of profit and loss for the relevant previous year in accordance with the provisions of the Act governing such company: Provided that while preparing the annual accounts including statement of profit and loss,— (i) the accounting policies; (ii) the accounting standards adopted for preparing such accounts including statement of profit and loss; (iii) the method and rates adopted for calculating the depreciation, shall correspond to the accounting policies, accounting standards and the method and rates for calculating the depreciation which have been adopted for preparing such accounts including statement of profit and loss for such financial year or part of such financial year falling within the relevant previous year.
Central Bank of India 41. In so far as Clause (a), the same applies to a case of a company other than referred to in Clause (b). According to clause (a), for the purpose of Section 115JB the company has to prepare its profit and loss account for the relevant previous year in accordance with the Companies Act, 2013 and the First proviso to sub-section (2) requires that while preparing the accounts including the profit and loss account, the accounting policies, the accounting standards and the method and rates adopted for the purpose of preparing such accounts including the profit and loss account and laid before the company at its annual general meeting in accordance with the provisions of Section 129 of the Companies Act, 2013. Since assessee bank has to prepare its accounts in accordance with the provisions contained in Section 51 r.w.s. 29 of the BR Act, therefore, Schedule III of the Companies Act is not applicable. Thus, Clause (a) of Section 115JB (2), the computation provision, will not apply and this matter has attained finality in the case of the assessee by the Hon‟ble Jurisdictional High Court in the case of the assessee (cited supra).
Now for Clause (b), following conditions need to be satisfied for applying section 115JB in the case of a company:- i. it applies to a company to which the second proviso to subsection (1) of section 129 of the Companies Act, 2013 is applicable; ii. once this condition is fulfilled, it requires such assessee for the purpose of this section to prepare its profit and loss account in accordance with the provisions of the Act governing such company.
Since 115JB is applicable to the company to which second proviso to Section 129(1) applies, therefore, it would be relevant to quote Section 129 of the Companies Act which reads as under:- "129. Financial statement-(1) The financial statements shall give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company or companies, comply with the accounting standards notified under section 133 and shall be in the form or forms as may be provided for different class or classes of companies in Schedule III: Provided that the items contained in such financial statements shall be in accordance with the accounting standards. Provided further that nothing contained in this subsection shall apply to any insurance or banking company or any company engaged in the generation or supply of electricity, or to any other class of company for which a form of financial statement has been specified in or under the Act governing such class of company Provided also that the financial statements shall not be treated as not disclosing a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company, merely by reason of the fact that they do not disclose (a) in the case of an insurance company, any matters which are not required to be disclosed by the Insurance Act, 1938 (4 of 1938), or the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999), (b) in the case of a banking company, any matters which are not required to be disclosed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), Central Bank of India (c) in the case of a company engaged in the generation or supply of electricity, any matters which are not required to be disclosed by the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003), (d) in the case of a company governed by any other law for the time being in force, any matters which are not required to be disclosed by that law."
The second proviso applies to any insurance company, banking company or any company engaged in the generation or supply of electricity or to any other class of company for which a form of financial statement has been specified in or under the Act governing such class of company. In so far as the present case is concerned, one has to consider whether the assessee could be regarded as a 'banking company' for the purposes of section 129 of the Companies Act, 2013).
Now whether the assessee bank can be termed as a company within the meaning of the Companies Act, 2013, first of all, Section 115JB(2) is applicable to every assessee „being a company‟. The company has been defined in Section 2(17) of the Income Tax Act which we have already reproduced in para 22 above. Thus, the company means any Indian company. Indian company has been defined in Section 2(26) (incorporated in para 23 of the order) which defines „Indian company‟ means company formed and registered under the Companies Act. Thus, the company for the purpose of the Income Tax Act is a company which is formed and registered under the Companies Act. Section 2(9) of the Companies Act, 2013, a banking company has been defined to mean a banking company as defined in section 5(c) of the BR Act). Section 5(c) of the BR Act defines a „banking company‟ as under: "(c) "banking company" means any company which transacts the business of banking in India" Therefore, for an entity to qualify as a banking company it should first of all, be a company' and secondly the said company should transact the business of banking in India.
The expression "company" has been defined in section 5(d) of the BR Act as under: "(d) "company" means any company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956); and includes a foreign company within the meaning of section 591 of that Act;"
Therefore, in so far as is relevant, the entity has to be a company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (Now 2013) to be regarded as a banking company. Section 3(1)(i) of the Companies Act, defines a 'company' as under: "(i) "company" means a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company as defined in clause (ii)"
Therefore, it is sine-qua-non that for an entity to qualify as a company it must either be a company formed and registered under the Companies Act or it should be an existing company as defined in sub-clause (ii) thereof. Since the Assessee is not formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956, albeit came into existence by a separate Act of Parliament, that is, „Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970‟, therefore, it does not fall in the first part of the said section.
Central Bank of India 49. Further, the expression "existing company has been defined in Section 3(1)(ii) to mean as under: "(ii) "existing company" means a company formed and registered under any of the previous companies laws specified below :- (a) any Act or Acts relating to companies in force before the Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1866), and repealed by that Act; (b) the Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1866); (c) the Indian Companies Act, 1882 (6 of 1882); (d) the Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913); (e) the Registration of Transferred Companies Ordinance, 1942 (54 of 1942); and (f) any law corresponding to any of the Acts or the Ordinance aforesaid and in force – (1) in the merged territories or in a Part B States (other than the State of Jammu and Kashmir), or any part thereof, before the extension thereto of the Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913); or (2) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, or any part thereof, before the commencement of the Jammu and Kashmir (Extension of Laws) Act, 1956 (62 of 1956), insofar as banking, insurance and financial corporations are concerned, and before the commencement of the Central Laws (Extension to Jammu & Kashmir) Act, 1968 (25 of 1968), insofar as other corporations are concerned; and (3) (3) the Portuguese Commercial Code, insofar as it relates to sociedades anonimas";"
The assessee bank was neither formed or registered under the Companies Act, 1956; nor it is in existing company as per the above definition. Once it is not a company under the Companies Act, then the first condition referred to in clause (b) of Section 115JB(2) is not fulfilled, and consequently second proviso below Section 129(1) of the Companies Act is also not applicable.
The main crux of the department is that since assessee bank has come into existence by the „Acquisition Act‟ and Section 11 thereof states that for the purpose of Income Tax Act, every corresponding new bank shall be deemed to be an „Indian company‟ and the company in which the public are „substantially interested' and since in Section 2(17) of the Income Tax Act, the „company‟ has been defined as any Indian company therefore, the provisions of the Income Tax Act would apply because Section 2(26) of the Act defines „Indian company‟ means the company formed and registered under the Companies Act and therefore, it is deemed to be a company under the Companies Act.
Section 11 of the Acquisition Act states that "For the purposes of Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), every corresponding new bank shall be deemed to be an Indian company and a company in which the public are substantially interested". Therefore, the said deeming fiction is created only for the purposes of the Income-tax Act. Further, for the purposes of the said Act, it treats Central Bank of India every corresponding new bank to be an Indian company and also a company in which the public are substantially interested.
First of all, deeming an entity to be an Indian Company or a company in which public are substantially interested for the purposes of the Income-tax Act would not ipso facto make such entity as a 'company' for the purposes of the Companies Act, 2013, unless the conditions specified in Section 3 thereof are fulfilled. There is no provision to deem a nationalised bank to be a company for the purposes of Section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956.
As explained in the foregoing paragraphs, Section 2(17) of the income Tax Act r.w.s. 2(26) which defines „company‟ to mean a company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956, does not meet the requirement of being a company in the case of assessee bank, because the Indian company has to be formed and registered under the Companies Act. Notwithstanding that Section 11 of the Acquisition Act deems assessee bank to be a company for the purpose of Income Tax Act, but that does not lead to an inference that merely regarded as a company for the purpose of the Income Tax Act it is also Company registered under the Companies Act. The fiction created by Section 11 of the Acquisition Act, does not imply that the assessee bank would also become a company for the purpose of the Companies Act for which Clause (b) of Sub-Section 2 of Section 115JB is applicable.
In the earlier part of the order, we have already noted that by the Acquisition Act, the banking business of the existing bank was transferred from Union Bank of India Ltd to The Union Bank of India. The earlier entity, i.e., Union Bank of India Ltd. was a company under the earlier Companies Act, however, that company as a whole was not taken over or acquired but only banking business was acquired by the Acquisition Act. That is the reason why Union Bank of India Ltd. still existed at the point of acquisition and continues till now and the shareholders of Union Bank of India Ltd. were paid compensation as a consideration for acquiring the banking business. It was by the Acquisition Act that these banks were nationalized and the banking business was acquired from the erstwhile banking companies. These new acquiring banks including Union Bank of India is neither registered under the Companies Act, 2013 nor under any other previous company law. Already the Hon‟ble Supreme Court in the case of Rustom Cavasjee Cooper v. Union of India (supra) as noted above, the Hon‟ble Supreme Court had held that only undertaking was acquired for the banking companies acquisition and transfer of invoking ordinance which was promulgated on 19/06/1969, which culminated into the Act of Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act,1970. Thus, assessee cannot be treated as a company under the Companies Act, because it was never registered under the Companies Act. Ergo, the deeming fiction by way of Section 11 of the Acquisition Act has to be read purely in the context for the purpose of Income Tax Act where the corresponding new bank have been deemed to be an Indian Company and a company in which public are substantially interested. This deeming section cannot be extended to a company registered under the Companies Act to which alone Section 115JB is applicable.
Central Bank of India 56. Thus, we hold that Section 11 of the Acquisition Act which deals a corresponding new bank treated as Indian company for the purpose of Income Tax, however, Clause (b) in Sub-Section 2 to Section 115JB does not permit treatment of such bank as a company for the purpose of the said clause, because it should be company to which second proviso to sub-section (1) to Section 129 of the Companies Act is applicable. The said proviso has no application to the corresponding new bank as it is not a banking company for the purpose of the said provision. The expression “company” used in section 115JB(2)(b) is to be inferred to be company under the Companies Act and not to an entity which is deemed by a fiction to be a company for the purpose of the Income Tax Act.
Before us, ld. Counsel has given various references under the Income Tax Act itself where the corresponding new bank and a banking company have been treated separate and independent from each other for which our reference was also drawn to Section 36(1)(viii) & 72A. Apart from that, it is noticed that, Section 194A(1) of the Act which provides that if any specified person is responsible for paying to a resident any income by way of interest is obliged to deduct tax at source, however, Section 194A(3) provides that Section 194A(1) shall not apply if the payment has been made to certain entities. Clause (iii) of subsection (3) of section 194A, deals with such entities. The said clause reads as under:- iii) to such income credited or paid to- (a) any banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), applies, or any co-operative society engaged in carrying on the business of banking (including a co- operative land mortgage bank), or (b) any financial corporation established by or under a Central, State or Provincial Act, or (c) the Life Insurance Corporation of India established under the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 (31 of 1956), or (d) the Unit Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963), or (e) any company or co-operative society carrying on the business of insurance, or (f) such other institution, association or body [or class of institutions, associations or bodies] which the Central Government may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, notify in this behalf in the Official Gazette: [Provided that no notification under this sub-clause shall be issued on or after the 1st day of April, 2020;] 58. The aforesaid clause (f) provides that if Central Government notifies any such entity then TDS is not to be deducted. It is very relevant to note that at the time of Acquisition Act was enacted, Central Government had issued a Notification No. SO 710 dated 16/02/1970 [1970] [Reported in 75 ITR (Stat) 106] which reads as under:- Income-tax Act, 1961: Notification under sec. 194A(3)(iii)(f) Notification No. S. O. 710, dated February 16, 1970. (1)
Central Bank of India In pursuance of sub-clause (f) of clause (iii) of sub-section (3) of section 194A of the Income- tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), the Central Government hereby notify with effect from the 19th July, 1969, the following banks for the purposes of the said sub-clause:-
1. 1. Indian Overseas Bank, 151, Mount Road, Madras 2. Indian Bank, Indian Chamber Building, Madras-1.
3. Allahabad Bank, 14, India Exchange Place, Calcutta- 1. 1. 4. Dena Bank, Devkaran Nanjee Building, 17, Horniman Circle, Fort, Bombay-1. 5. Canara Bank, 112, Jayachamarajendra Road, Bangalore-1. 6. Union Bank of India, 66/80, Apollo Street, Fort, Bombay-1. 7. United Commercial Bank, 10, Brabourne Road, Calcutta-1. 8. Bank of Baroda, 3, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Bombay-1. 9. Punjab National Bank, Parliament Street, New Delhi-1. 10. Bank of India, 70/80 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bombay-1. 11. Central Bank of India, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bombay-1.
12. United Bank of India, 4, Narendra Chandra Datta Srani (Clive Ghat Street), Calcutta-1.
13. Bank of Maharashtra, 1177 Peth, Poona-2.
14. Syndicate Bank, Manipal, Mysore State, Mysore
Thus, the aforesaid notification read with provision of Section 194A(3), makes it clear that even Government of India considers the above entities separate and distinct from banking companies. Once under the Income Tax Act, Legislature itself has made a distinction for the aforesaid banks including the assessee are not covered as banking company, then, this further buttresses the point that these banks are separate and distinct from other banking companies.
Accordingly, the question referred to Special Bench is decided in favour of the assessee banks that clause (b) to sub section (2) of section 115JB of the Income-tax Act inserted by Finance Act, 2012 w.e.f. 1-4-2013, that is, from assessment year 2013-14 onwards, are not applicable to the banks constituted as 'corresponding new bank' in terms of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 and therefore, the provision of Section 115JB cannot be applied and consequently, the tax on book profits (MAT) are not applicable to such banks.”
The Ld.DR stands in favour of the order of the revenue authorities.
In our considered view, the issue is squarely covered by the decision of the Special Bench as well as by the Coordinate Bench of the Tribunal, both rendered in favour of the assessee. We, therefore, hold that the provisions of Section 115JB of the Act are not applicable in the case of the assessee. Accordingly, the Ld. AO is Central Bank of India directed not to invoke the provisions of Section 115JB of the Act for the impugned assessment year. Respectfully applying the ratio of the decisions cited above, we allow the appeal filed by the assessee.